Animalia

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Flash

= Textbook = = Additional information =

Useful websites
www.iteachbio.com

www.youtube.com

www.ikenstore.com

Reference Books
http://ncert.nic.in/NCERTS/textbook/textbook.htm?iesc1=7-14

http://ncert.nic.in/NCERTS/textbook/textbook.htm?kebo1=3-22

http://ncert.nic.in/NCERTS/textbook/textbook.htm?kebo1=4-22

= Teaching Outlines =

Learning objectives

 * 1) Students excplains the important characteristics of fishes
 * 2) Students understands modifications in fishes for aquatic life
 * 3) Students describes sexual reproduction in fishes by external fertilization
 * 4) Students draws the neat diagram showing external features of fish

Notes for teachers

 * 1) Fishes are the first to evolve as vertebrates
 * 2) They complete their life cycle only in aquatic medium,hence they use gills for respiration and fins for locomotin in water and have gelatinous scales for easy gliding in water.
 * 3) Two chambered heart facilitates one way blood circulation,so that oxygenated and deoxygenated blood circulates in a common channel.
 * 4) They are stenothermal and can adapt to wide range of temperature.
 * 5) Both fertilization and foetus development are external ,and are unisexual.

Activities

 * 1) list out the features which enables fishes to adapt themselves in aquatic medium
 * 2) visit a nearby aquarium and observe diversity in structure and colour of fishes

Learning objectives

 * 1) Students describes the structural features of amphibians
 * 2) Students explains the important characteristics of amphibians
 * 3) Students give examples for amphibians
 * 4) Students understands the process of metamorphosis in amphibians
 * 5) Students explains external fertilization in amphibians

Notes for teachers

 * 1) Amphibians are the only vertebrates possessing body structure capable of adapting both in aquatic and terrestrial habitats
 * 2) Their early life cycle is in aquatic medium and adulthood in terrestrial habitat
 * 3) Moist skin,hind limb longer than fore limb,four fingers in fore limb ,five fingers in hind limb, are their distinguishing features.
 * 4) They exhibit metamorphosis 
 * 5) They have three chambered heart,steno thermal.
 * 6) They exhibit metamorphosis.
 * 7) They are unisexual,both fertilization and foetus development are external

Activities

 * 1) Observe metamorphosis of frogs during rainy season in temporary ponds formed nearby your school and locality
 * 2) Listout the features enabling amphibians to adapt themselves in aquatic and terrestrial habitat seperately

Learning objectives

 * 1) Students explains the important characteristics of reptiles
 * 2) Students understands oviparous development in reptiles
 * 3) Students give examples for reptiles
 * 4) Students differentiates reptiles from amphibians

Notes for teachers

 * 1) Reptiles are the first vertebrates adapted to terrestrial habitat
 * 2) Reptiles are stenothermal,have three chambered heart in blood circulation
 * 3) Reptiles shows ecdisis,skin is dry and covered by scales 
 * 4) Reptiles shows internal fertilization and external foetus development and are ovoparous

Activities

 * 1) Listout the features evolved in reptiles to enable them to adapt in terrestrial habitat 
 * 2) Observe moulting in reptiles and understand the reason for moulting in reptiles

Learning objectives

 * 1) Students explains important features of birds
 * 2) Students recognises the features which helps birds for aerial adoptations
 * 3) Students differentiates aves from reptiles
 * 4) Students give reasons for stenothermic adaptation in birds
 * 5) Students relates body weight and aerial flight in birds

Notes for teachers

 * 1) In birds fore limbs are modified into wing,body is covered with feathers,beak protudes out of oral cavity
 * 2) They are the first evolved eurythermal vertebrates,have four chambered heart facilitating two way blood circulation to seperate oxygenated blood and deoxygenated blood
 * 3) Birds have special sound box called syrinx

Activities

 * 1) Collect feathers of different birds and recognise the birds in your locality and try to understand the diversity of birds in your locality 
 * 2) Listout the features evolved in birds to enable them to adapt for aerial flight

Learning objectives

 * 1) Students explains the important characteristics of mammals
 * 2) Students understands the significance of mammary glands and vivipary in mammals
 * 3) Students give reasons for evolutionary supremacy of mammals over other vertebrates
 * 4) Student compares mammals to other classes of vertebrates
 * 5) Students apreciates the diversity of mammals according to their habitat

Notes for teachers

 * 1) Mammals are the most advanced and highly evolved class among animals
 * 2) They possess mammary glands to feed their infants
 * 3) They are viviparous except Echidna and Platipus
 * 4) They are eurythermal,having four chambered heart in bood circulation which enables seperate ways for circulation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
 * 5) Diaphragm seperates chest portion from abdomen
 * 6) The nervous system is highly evolved with brain,spinal chord and 12 pairs of brain nerves

Activities

 * 1)  Conduct a micro survey of mammals to understand the diversity of mammals in your locality
 * 2) Draw a comparitive map of 5 classes of vertebrates and understand the course of evolution from Pisces to Mammals

=Assessment Activities for CCE= = Project Ideas =

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