Animalia

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Reference Books
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Learning objectives

 * 1) Students excplains the important characteristics of fishes
 * 2) Students understands modifications in fishes for aquatic life
 * 3) Students describes sexual reproduction in fishes by external fertilization
 * 4) Students draws the neat diagram showing external features of fish

Notes for teachers
These are short notes that the teacher wants to share about the concept, any locally relevant information, specific instructions on what kind of methodology used and common misconceptions/mistakes.
 * 1) Fishes are the first to evolve as vertebrates
 * 2) They complete their life cycle only in aquatic medium,hence they use gills for respiration and fins for locomotin in water and have gelatinous scales for easy gliding in water.
 * 3) Two chambered heart facilitates one way blood circulation,so that oxygenated and deoxygenated blood circulates in a common channel.
 * 4) They are stenothermal and can adapt to wide range of temperature.
 * 5) Both fertilization and foetus development are external ,and are unisexual.

Activities

 * 1) Activity No #1 page_name_concept_name_activity1
 * 2) Activity No #2 page_name_concept_name_activity2

Learning objectives

 * 1) Students describes the structural features of amphibians
 * 2) Students explains the important characteristics of amphibians
 * 3) Students give examples for amphibians
 * 4) Students understands the process of metamorphosis in amphibians
 * 5) Students explains external fertilization in amphibians

Notes for teachers

 * 1) Amphibians are the only vertebrates possessing body structure capable of adapting both in aquatic and terrestrial habitats
 * 2) Their early life cycle is in aquatic medium and adulthood in terrestrial habitat
 * 3) Moist skin,hind limb longer than fore limb,four fingers in fore limb ,five fingers in hind limb, are their distinguishing features.
 * 4) They exhibit metamorphosis
 * 5) They have three chambered heart,steno thermal.
 * 6) They exhibit metamorphosis.
 * 7) They are unisexual,both fertilization and foetus development are external

Activities

 * 1) Activity No #1 page_name_concept_name_activity1
 * 2) Activity No #2 page_name_concept_name_activity2

Learning objectives

 * 1) Students explains the important characteristics of reptiles
 * 2) Students understands oviparous development in reptiles
 * 3) Students give examples for reptiles
 * 4) Students differentiates reptiles from amphibians

Notes for teachers

 * 1) Reptiles are the first vertebrates adapted to terrestrial habitat
 * 2) Reptiles are stenothermal,have three chambered heart in blood circulation
 * 3) Reptiles shows ecdisis,skin is dry and covered by scales 
 * 4) Reptiles shows internal fertilization and external foetus development and are ovoparous

Activities

 * 1) Activity No #1 page_name_concept_name_activity1
 * 2) Activity No #2 page_name_concept_name_activity2

Learning objectives

 * 1) Students explains important features of birds
 * 2) Students recognises the features which helps birds for aerial adoptations
 * 3) Students differentiates aves from reptiles
 * 4) Students give reasons for stenothermic adaptation in birds
 * 5) Students relates body weight and aerial flight in birds

Notes for teachers

 * 1) In birds fore limbs are modified into wing,body is covered with feathers,beak protudes out of oral cavity
 * 2) They are the first evolved eurythermal vertebrates,have four chambered heart facilitating two way blood circulation to seperate oxygenated blood and deoxygenated blood
 * 3) Birds have special sound box called syrinx

Activities

 * 1) Activity No #1 page_name_concept_name_activity1
 * 2) Activity No #2 page_name_concept_name_activity2

Learning objectives

 * 1) Students explains the important characteristics of mammals
 * 2) Students understands the significance of mammary glands and vivipary in mammals
 * 3) Students give reasons for evolutionary supremacy of mammals over other vertebrates
 * 4) Student compares mammals to other classes of vertebrates
 * 5) Students apreciates the diversity of mammals according to their habitat

Activities

 * 1) Activity No #1 page_name_concept_name_activity1
 * 2) Activity No #2 page_name_concept_name_activity2

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