Plantae

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= Textbook = = Additional information =

Useful websites
www.iteachbio.com www.youtube.com www.ikenstore.com

Reference Books
http://ncert.nic.in/NCERTS/textbook/textbook.htm?iesc1=7-14

http://ncert.nic.in/NCERTS/textbook/textbook.htm?kebo1=3-22

http://ncert.nic.in/NCERTS/textbook/textbook.htm?kebo1=4-22

= Teaching Outlines =

Learning objectives

 * 1) students explains the body structure of multicellular algae
 * 2) students explains the important characteristics of multicellular algae
 * 3) students differentiates multicellular algae based on pigmentation
 * 4) students observe specimens of multicellular algae in a micro scope
 * 5) students draw the diagrams of multicellular algae

Notes for teachers

 * 1) Multicellular algae have undifferentiated thalloid body structure
 * 2) Based on pigmentation they are classified into three groups,they are Green algae,Brown algae and Red algae
 * 3) Gametophytic plant body is predominant
 * 4) They exhibit vegetative,asexual and sexual reproduction
 * 5) '''They are primitive thallophytic plants

Activities

 * 1) Activity 1 - Observing chloroplast in Spirogyra
 * 2) Activity 2- Collecting specimens of Algae

Learning objectives

 * 1) students explains the body structure of bryophytes
 * 2) students realizes the importance of rhizoids in bryophytes
 * 3) students describes the life cycle of bryophytes
 * 4) students understands the dominance of gametophyte in the life cycle of bryophytes
 * 5) students explains the reproduction in bryophytes
 * 6) students admires the economic importance of brtophytes

Notes for teachers

 * 1) Bryophytes are considered as amphibians of plant kingdom,usualy habituate damp soil
 * 2) Rhizoids,a root like structure helps to absorb water and minerals from soil
 * 3) There are two phases in life cycle,gametophyte is dominant,whereas sporophyte is small and dependent on gametophyte
 * 4) They are non vascular plants
 * 5) They exhibit both sexual and asexual reproduction
 * 6) In the gametophyte,antheridium(male reproductive structure)and archaegonium(female reproductive structure)are present

Activity1
collecting specimens of bryophytes
 * 1) Collect specimens of bryophytes nearby and observe their plantbody
 * 2) Draw a schematic representation of life cycle in bryophytes

Learning objectives

 * 1) students realizes the evolution of vascular tissues in pteridophytes
 * 2) students explains the important characteristics of pteridophytes
 * 3) students describes the life cycle in pteridophytes
 * 4) students understands the dominance of sporophytic plant body in pteridophytes
 * 5) students explains reproduction in pteridophytes
 * 6) students appreciates the ecomic and aesthetic importance of pteridophytes

Notes for teachers

 * 1) Pteridophytes are the first evolved vascular plants
 * 2) Plant body is differentiated into root,stem and leaves
 * 3) There are two phases in life cycle,sporophyte is dominant,whereas gametophyte is small,but independent
 * 4) Their gametophyte is called as prothallus
 * 5) They usually found in humid shadow habitats
 * 6) They exhibit both sexual and asexual reproduction

Activities

 * 1) Collect the specimens of Pteridophytes in your locality and observe their body structure
 * 2) Take a transverse section of stem of any pteridophytic plant you have collected and observe vascular bundles(steles)

Learning objectives

 * 1) students explains the important characteristics of gymnosperms
 * 2) students realizes the significance of bare seeds in gymnosperms
 * 3) students explains the structure and function of cones in gymnosperms
 * 4) students explains the reproduction in gymnosperms
 * 5) students understands the evolutionary significance of diminishing gametophyte

Notes for teachers

 * 1) Gymnosperms have distinguished naked seeds without seed cover in their plantbody
 * 2) They are characterized by cones,male cone is a bundle of microsporophylls,whereas female cone is a bundle of megasporophylls
 * 3) They are perenial trees or shrubs,found in xerophytic, temperate and polar habitat
 * 4) Vascular tissues are more advanced than pteridophytes
 * 5) Cones are the gametophytic structures,rest of the plantbody is sporophyte
 * 6) cones(gametophyte)are entirely dependent and a part of dominant sporophytic plant body

Activities

 * 1) Collect male and female cones of Thuja or Cycas in your locality and compare the differences between male and female cones
 * 2) Observe mega spores and micro spores under microscope

Learning objectives

 * 1) students explains the important characteristics of angiosperms
 * 2) students realizes the significance of fruit covered seeds in angiosperms
 * 3) students explains the structure and function of flowers in angiosperms
 * 4) students explains the reproduction in gymnosperms
 * 5) students understands the evolutionary significance of diminishing gametophyte
 * 6) Students differentiates monocots from dicots

Notes for teachers

 * 1) Angiosperm are most advanced and highly evolved class among plants
 * 2) They are characterized by seed covered by fruit
 * 3) They are all flower bearing plants,specialized shoot bearing bunch of flowers is called as inflorescence
 * 4) There are two groups,monocots and dicots based on number of cotyledons in the seed
 * 5) '''The entire plantbody is sporophyte except androecium and gynoecium(they are the only gametophytic representatives in entire plant)
 * 6) The vascular bundles are highly evolved than gymnosperms and pteridophytes
 * 7) They exhibit rich diversity when compared to other classes of plants

Activities

 * 1) Collect roots of diffrent dicot and monocot plants and observe the differences
 * 2) Collect leaves of monocots and dicots and observe venation
 * 3) Germinate different dicot and monocot seeds and observe the differences

=Assessment Activities for CCE=
 * 1) Write an essay on 'evolutionary trend in different classes of Kingdom Plantae' 
 * 2) Prepare herbarium of monocot and dicot leaves to compare venation
 * 3) Germinate monocot and dicot seeds,observe the growth and record your observation
 * 4) Collect the representative specimens of all the classes of Plantae and record the differences in their body structure.

= Project Ideas =
 * 1) Conduct a micro survey of monocot and dicot plants in your locality
 * 2) Project on,'comparative study of evolution of vascular bundles in plants' 

= Fun corner =