Quadrilaterals

Concept Map
= Text Books =

Please refer the state govt. Text book of mathematics

=Additional Information=

Useful websites

 * Effective Introduction to Quadrilateral click here
 * Quadrilateral is also tetragon, quadrangle click here

Reference Books

 * Please download 9th standard mathematics textbook of Tamil Nadu state syllabus from the following link and refer the page 89 click here
 * Refer 9th standard mathematics ncert textbook from the following link click here

= Teaching Outlines =
 * Introduction to polygons
 * The meaning of quadrilateral
 * Identification of various types of quadrilaterals
 * Different properties of special quadrilaterals
 * Construction of quadrilaterals to given suitable data
 * Finding area of quadrilaterals
 * Introduction to cyclic quadrilaterals

Learning objectives

 * Students will be able to define quadrilaterals.
 * Students will be able to identify quadrilaterals.

Notes for teachers
This topic has its basics in polygons. Try to elicit live examples for quadrilaterals from within classroom, starting from the shape of a textbook. Show the vertices of a rectangular page. Mark three sets of four  points on the blackboard, one set being collinear and other non-collinear. Call students to join the points of each set of points. This activity will introduce them to the concept of quadrilateral.

Activity No # Identifying quadrilaterals.
Pattern blocks for per students, blank paper, colored pencils 10-15 minutes Student should be able to recognize polygons having different sides especialy four. Computer, projector Geogebra activities on Quadrilateral click here 1. Set the stage by playing a short game of “If you are…” with the students. When students    match what you are saying they stand up. When they sit back down, call out another “If you are _______ stand up now” statement. To end the game, tell the students to turn to a  neighbor and tell them all of the different names that applied to them. 2. Review the vocabulary words: sides and angles. 3. Tell students to take one of each of the type of pattern blocks out of the bag. 4. Ask students to sort their pattern blocks – do not tell them how to sort. 5. Go around and have each student tell you how they sorted. Write the different ways on the board. For duplicates, begin making tallies. 6. Refer to the list (some students should have mentioned that they sorted by the number of sides). Point out the number of sides/angles as the sorting rule. 7. Tell students that all of the blocks with four sides and four angles belong to the same family. That family is the “Quadrilateral” family. Explain that the blocks can have many names – just like you can be called many names. 8. Have the students to fold their paper in half and to draw a line down the middle of the paper. On one half of the paper, write the word “Quadrilaterals”. On the other half of the paper write the words “Not Quadrilaterals.” Prior to teaching create an example for students to go by. 9. Have students trace each different pattern block on the correct side of the paper. 10.When all of the students have traced the pattern blocks on their papers, have different students come up to overhead/document camera. The student should place a pattern block on the correct half of the paper so that students can all check their work. 1. What do all of your quadrilaterals have in common? 2. What is different about the quadrilaterals? 3. What did you put the hexagon on this half of the page?Please study the state govt. Text book of mathematics. 4. Can you combine your blocks to make different quadrilaterals? List out the quadrilaterals in this home.
 * Materials/ Resources needed
 * Estimated time
 * Prerequisites/Instructions, if any
 * Multimedia resources
 * Website interactives/ links/ / Geogebra Applets
 * Process/ Developmental Questions
 * Evaluation
 * Question Corner

Activity No #

 * Estimated Time
 * Materials/ Resources needed
 * Prerequisites/Instructions, if any
 * Multimedia resources
 * Website interactives/ links/ / Geogebra Applets
 * Process/ Developmental Questions
 * Evaluation
 * Question Corner

Activity No # Tangram
This activity has been taken from the website :http://www.cimt.plymouth.ac.uk/projects/mepres/allgcse/bs7act1.pdf (a) a square from two triangles, and then change it to a parallelogram; (b) a rectangle using three pieces, and then change it into a parallelogram; (c) a trapezium with three pieces; (d) a parallelogram with four pieces; (e) a trapezium from the square, parallelogram and the two small triangles; (f) a triangle with three pieces; (g) a rectangle with all seven pieces.
 * Estimated Time : 40 minutes.
 * Materials/ Resources needed: Chart papers, scissors, pencil, scale.
 * Prerequisites/Instructions, if any
 * 1) The students should have understanding of basic shapes like square, rectangle, parallelogram, triangle and trapezium.
 * 2) They should be able to draw mentioned shapes accurately and cut exactly on boundaries.
 * Multimedia resources
 * Website interactives/ links/ / Geogebra Applets
 * Process:
 * 1) This is a very old Chinese puzzle known as a tangram.
 * 2) Cut out the square below into 7 shapes.
 * 3) Cut out the 7 shapes and rearrange them to form:
 * 1) Finally, put the pieces back together to form the original square.
 * Developmental Questions:
 * 1) Were you all able to read and follow the instructions.
 * 2) Name and point the different shapes in the figure.
 * 3) Name the dimensions of each shape.
 * Evaluation:
 * 1) Analyse how much space each shape is occupying.
 * 2) What can you refer to the space occupied by each shape.
 * Question Corner:
 * 1) What are the characteristic properties of each shape: square, rectangle, triangle, parallelogram and trapezium ?
 * 2) What type of two triangles would you need to form a square ?
 * 3) What did you learn from this activity ?

Activity No #

 * Estimated Time
 * Materials/ Resources needed
 * Prerequisites/Instructions, if any
 * Multimedia resources
 * Website interactives/ links/ / Geogebra Applets
 * Process/ Developmental Questions
 * Evaluation
 * Question Corner

= Fun Corner =
 * Math is fun []