Triangles

=Concept Map =

=Additional Resources=

OER

 * Web resources:
 * 1) Bright Hub Education - Basic concepts of triangles,Types of triangles,Angle sum property,Exterior and interior angle relation
 * 2) Folioz - Inequalities in triangle, Investigate the relationship between the  sides and angles in a triangle
 * 3) JsunilTutorial - Test papers for triangles
 * Books and journals
 * Textbooks
 * NCERT Textbooks – Class 9
 * 1) Karnataka Govt Text book – Class 8
 * Syllabus documents

Non-OER
CPALMS -Introduction to triangles as a closed three sided figure,Inequalities in triangles
 * Web resources:
 * Books and journals
 * Textbooks
 * Syllabus documents (CBSE, ICSE, IGCSE etc)

=Learning Objectives=
 * Identify	a triangle
 * Recognize	interior and exterior angles
 * Classifying	types of triangles
 * Recognize	the angle sum property
 * Establish	relation between interior and exterior angles

Concept #1. Formation of a triangle, elements of a triangle and its measures

 * 1) A	triangle is a three sided closed	figure.
 * 2) It	is one of the basic shapes in geometry.
 * 3) It triangle is	a	polygon with	three edges and	three	vertices.
 * 4) There	are three angles in a triangle formed at the three vertices of the	triangle.
 * 5) Interior	and exterior angles in a triangle at a vertex, together form a	linear pair.

Activity No # 1 : Formation of a triangle
Prior knowledge of point, lines, angles, parallel linesResources needed
 * Objectives
 * 1) Understand		formation of triangles
 * 2) Recognize		elements of triangle
 * 3) Introduce		concepts of exterior angle.
 * Pre-requisites
 * Resources needed
 * 1) Digital : Computer, geogebra application, projector.
 * 2) Non digital : Worksheet and pencil
 * 3) Geogebra files : 	“Introduction to a triangle.ggb”
 * How to do
 * 1) Use the geogebra file to illustrate.
 * 2) How many lines are there? Are the lines meeting?
 * 3) Are the two lines parallel? How can you say they are parallel or not?
 * 4) How many angles are formed at the point of intersection?
 * 5) What is the measure of the total angle at the point of intersection of two lines?
 * 6) Of the four angles formed which of the angles are equal? What are they called?
 * 7) Do the three intersecting lines enclose a space? How does it look? It is called a triangle.
 * 8) What are the points of intersection of these three lines called?
 * 9) The line segments forming the triangle are called sides.
 * 10) How many angles are formed when three lines intersect with each other?
 * 11) How many angles are enclosed by the triangle?
 * Evaluation at the end of the activity
 * 1) Can there be a closed figure with less than three sides?
 * 2) Can the vertices of the triangle be anywhere on a plane?
 * 3) What will happen if the three vertices are collinear?

Activity No # 2 : Elements of a Triangle
Prior knowledge of point, lines, angles, parallel lines
 * Objectives
 * 1) To understand the elements of a triangle
 * Pre-requisites
 * Resources needed
 * 1) Digital : Computer, geogebra application, projector.
 * 2) Non digital : Worksheet and pencil,6-8 strings (preferably in different colours)
 * 3) Geogebra files : 	“Elements of a triangle.ggb”
 * How to do
 * 1) Students work individually but in their groups.
 * 2) Take the strings and place them in such a way as to make a closed figure.
 * 3) What is the smallest number of strings with which you can form a closed figure?
 * 4) What is this figure called?
 * 5) Can you just draw the lines along the strings and see what you get?
 * 6) When you drew, what did you draw?  (Was it a line or was it an angle or was it a line segment?). It is a lime segment – how many line segments are there?
 * 7) When two line segments joined, what is it called?  (A vertex). How many vertices are there?
 * 8) Is there any angle formed when you made this figure? How many angles were formed?
 * 9) Show a simple Geogebra file with triangles – Use this file to demonstrate that every triangle has the elements - vertices, sides and angles
 * 10) How many triangles were formed?  Were there any strings left over?
 * 11) For each of the triangles trace the shape on the book and write down the elements of the triangle in the following format
 * 12) For each of the triangles observe (inspect visually) which is the longest side and which is the shortest side
 * 13) Allow the students to explore if there is any connection between the two?
 * 1) After the students see the Geogebra file, they can attempt an alternative worksheet like below:

Evaluation at the end of the activity

1. Have the students been able to identify the elements in a triangle?

2. Have they been able to extrapolate any connection between the angle and side in a triangle?

Activity No # 3  : Measures associated in a triangle
Prior knowledge of point, lines, angles, parallel lines
 * Objective:
 * 1) To learn the different measurements in a triangle and the associated properties
 * Pre-requisites
 * Resources needed
 * 1) Digital : Computer, geogebra application, projector.
 * 2) Non digital : Worksheet and pencil.
 * 3) Geogebra files : 	“Measures in a triangle.ggb”
 * How	to do
 * 1) Show	the Geogebra file and ask students to record the values of angles	and sides that are seen and ask if there is any connection between	the side and the angle
 * 2) What is the sum of the angles in a triangle?
 * 3) Students	make triangles picking any three strings from the set of strings	they have been given.  Is there any time when a triangle is not	possible?
 * 4) Side	of triangle
 * 5) Use	the file “1b. Measures in a triangle.ggb”. This	file can be used to help students’ conception of triangle in a	generalized manner.  This file can be used to illustrate revise the	points about vertically opposite angles, adjacent angles etc,.  Help	students identify the triangle.  (Use the transaction notes for this	file as needed)
 * 6) Ask	the students to make another 3 triangles from the strings they have	been given. Students should make a triangle in which all angles are	acute and one in which one angle is obtuse. Use the following	Geogebra file for types of triangles by angle.Have	the students explore the types of angles in a triangle.
 * 7) Ask	the students to make another set of two or three triangles with the	strings they have been given.  Is there anything you can say about	the sides of the triangle?  Show	the Geogebra file called Types of triangle by sides.

Evaluation:
 * 1) Have	the students been able to measure? Do they have an idea of what are	the measurements possible?
 * 2) Have	they been able to generalize the sum of angle?
 * 3) Have	they been able to generalize any result about sides of a triangle?
 * 4) Are the	students able to recognize a triangle in a general manner?
 * 5) Are they able	to recognize types of triangles?

Activity No # 4  : Interior and Exterior angles in a triangle
Prior knowledge of point, lines, angles Note the measure of angles
 * Objectives
 * 1) Identify all angles when a triangle is formed
 * 2) Understand the relation between various angles that are formed in a triangle.
 * Pre-requisites
 * Resources needed
 * 1) Digital : Computer, geogebra application, projector.
 * 2) Non digital : Worksheet and pencil.
 * 3) Geogebra files : 	“Angles of a triangle.ggb”
 * How to do
 * 1) Ask			students how many lines are there? They should be able to identify			the points of intersection of the lines. How many points of			intersection are formed?
 * 2) How			many angles are formed at an intersecting point? How many angles			in total at the three points of intersection?What is the total			angle measure at each intersecting point?
 * 3) How			many angles are inside the triangle and how many are outside the			triangle?
 * 4) Can			you find an exterior angle that is equal to the interior angle of			a triangle at each vertex?Why are they equal?
 * 5) Identify			the exterior angles that are equal? Justify why they are equal.
 * 6) Establish			that there are 2 angles which are exterior of the triangle that			are equal and are formed when the sides of the triangle is			extended at the vertex.
 * 7) Students			to analyze the interior and exterior angle at each point to find a			relation between the interior angle and one of the exterior angles			at the vertex. Students should be able to recognize the linear			pair formed by interior angle and exterior angle.
 * 8) Vary			the position of the lines to check if interior and exterior angles			form a linear pair.
 * Evaluation	at the end of the activity
 * 1) Are		students able to recognize interior and exterior angles in a		triangle
 * 2) Have		the students able to find a relation between the interior angle and		exterior angle that are formed at each vertex?