Plantae

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= Teaching Outlines =

Learning objectives

 * 1) students explains the body structure of multicellular algae
 * 2) students explains the important characteristics of multicellular algae
 * 3) students differentiates multicellular algae based on pigmentation
 * 4) students observe specimens of multicellular algae in a micro scope
 * 5) students draw the diagrams of multicellular algae

Notes for teachers

 * 1) Multicellular algae have undifferentiated thalloid body structure
 * 2) Based on pigmentation they are classified into three groups,they are Green algae,Brown algae and Red algae
 * 3) Gametophytic plant body is predominant
 * 4) They exhibit vegetative,asexual and sexual reproduction
 * 5) '''They are primitive thallophytic plants

=Activity No 1 - Collecting specimens of algae=

Estimated Time
Based on the source of collection(distance from the school)

Materials/ Resources needed

 * 1) formalin solution
 * 2) glass/transparent plastic jars

Prerequisites/Instructions, if any
Select shallow water bodies Superwise students while collecting specimens from water bodies

Multimedia resources
File:algae.jpeg File:a2.jpeg

Developmental Questions (What discussion questions)

 * 1) How is the structure of algae that you have collected?
 * 2) How algae are different from higher plants?

Evaluation (Questions for assessment of the child)

 * 1) Explain the pigmentation in algae?
 * 2) Explain the thalloid structure of algae?

Question Corner
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Learning objectives

 * 1) students explains the body structure of bryophytes
 * 2) students realizes the importance of rhizoids in bryophytes
 * 3) students describes the life cycle of bryophytes
 * 4) students understands the dominance of gametophyte in the life cycle of bryophytes
 * 5) students explains the reproduction in bryophytes
 * 6) students admires the economic importance of brtophytes

Notes for teachers

 * 1) Bryophytes are considered as amphibians of plant kingdom,usualy habituate damp soil
 * 2) Rhizoids,a root like structure helps to absorb water and minerals from soil
 * 3) There are two phases in life cycle,gametophyte is dominant,whereas sporophyte is small and dependent on gametophyte
 * 4) They are non vascular plants
 * 5) They exhibit both sexual and asexual reproduction
 * 6) In the gametophyte,antheridium(male reproductive structure)and archaegonium(female reproductive structure)are present

Activity1
=Activity No 1 - 'Observation of gametophyte and sporophyte in Bryophytes'=

Estimated Time
40 minutes

Materials/ Resources needed
Sporophytic and gametophytic generation of any Bryophyte

Prerequisites/Instructions, if any
Students are instructed to go through the text book content on bryophytes

Multimedia resources
File:I10-22a-bryophytes.jpg File:life-cycle-funaria-small.GIF

Process (How to do the activity)
Instruct students to observe the gametophyte and sporophyte of bryophyte ask them to draw their observation

Developmental Questions (What discussion questions)

 * 1) Is the sporophyte independent of gametophyte?
 * 2) What is the major difference that you observe between gametophyte and sporophyte?

Evaluation (Questions for assessment of the child)

 * 1) What are the two phases of life cycle in bryophytes?
 * 2) What are the differences between gametophyte and sporophyte in bryophytes?

Question Corner
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Learning objectives

 * 1) students realizes the evolution of vascular tissues in pteridophytes
 * 2) students explains the important characteristics of pteridophytes
 * 3) students describes the life cycle in pteridophytes
 * 4) students understands the dominance of sporophytic plant body in pteridophytes
 * 5) students explains reproduction in pteridophytes
 * 6) students appreciates the ecomic and aesthetic importance of pteridophytes

Notes for teachers

 * 1) Pteridophytes are the first evolved vascular plants
 * 2) Plant body is differentiated into root,stem and leaves
 * 3) There are two phases in life cycle,sporophyte is dominant,whereas gametophyte is small,but independent
 * 4) Their gametophyte is called as prothallus
 * 5) They usually found in humid shadow habitats
 * 6) They exhibit both sexual and asexual reproduction

Activiti
=Activity No 1 - 'Observation of sporophyte and gametophyte in Pteridophytes'

Estimated Time
40 minutes

Materials/ Resources needed
Specimens of sporophyte and gametophyte of given Pteridophyte

Prerequisites/Instructions, if any
Instruct students to refer text book content on Pteridophytes before the activity

Multimedia resources
File:ferns.gif File:Life cycle of a Heterosporous Pteridophyte.jpg

Developmental Questions (What discussion questions)

 * 1) What is the major difference that you observed between gametophyte and sporophyte in pteridophytes?
 * 2) Is gametophyte independent from sporophyte in pteridophytes?

Evaluation (Questions for assessment of the child)

 * 1) Explain the life cycle in Pteridophytes?
 * 2) Write the differences between sporophyte and gametophyte in Pteridophytes?

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=Activity No 2 - mioroscopic observation of vascular bundles in pteridophytes=

Estimated Time
40 minutes

Materials/ Resources needed

 * 1) Microscope
 * 2) glass slides and cover slips
 * 3) stain
 * 4) stem of a pteridophyte
 * 5) cutter,watch glass and water

Multimedia resources
 File:ptr2.jpeg File:ptr3.jpg

Question Corner
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=Activity No # 1 - Name of Activity=

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 * 1) Collect the specimens of Pteridophytes in your locality and observe their body structure
 * 2) Take a transverse section of stem of any pteridophytic plant you have collected and observe vascular bundles(steles)

Learning objectives

 * 1) students explains the important characteristics of gymnosperms
 * 2) students realizes the significance of bare seeds in gymnosperms
 * 3) students explains the structure and function of cones in gymnosperms
 * 4) students explains the reproduction in gymnosperms
 * 5) students understands the evolutionary significance of diminishing gametophyte

Notes for teachers

 * 1) Gymnosperms have distinguished naked seeds without seed cover in their plantbody
 * 2) They are characterized by cones,male cone is a bundle of microsporophylls,whereas female cone is a bundle of megasporophylls
 * 3) They are perenial trees or shrubs,found in xerophytic, temperate and polar habitat
 * 4) Vascular tissues are more advanced than pteridophytes
 * 5) Cones are the gametophytic structures,rest of the plantbody is sporophyte
 * 6) cones(gametophyte)are entirely dependent and a part of dominant sporophytic plant body

Estimated Time
Subjected to availability of specimen

Multimedia resources
File:gym1.jpeg File:gym2.jpeg

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=Activity No 2 - observing seeds of cycas/thuja=

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=Activity No # 1 - Name of Activity=

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 * 1) Collect male and female cones of Thuja or Cycas in your locality and compare the differences between male and female cones
 * 2) Observe mega spores and micro spores under microscope

Learning objectives

 * 1) students explains the important characteristics of angiosperms
 * 2) students realizes the significance of fruit covered seeds in angiosperms
 * 3) students explains the structure and function of flowers in angiosperms
 * 4) students explains the reproduction in gymnosperms
 * 5) students understands the evolutionary significance of diminishing gametophyte
 * 6) Students differentiates monocots from dicots

Notes for teachers

 * 1) Angiosperm are most advanced and highly evolved class among plants
 * 2) They are characterized by seed covered by fruit
 * 3) They are all flower bearing plants,specialized shoot bearing bunch of flowers is called as inflorescence
 * 4) There are two groups,monocots and dicots based on number of cotyledons in the seed
 * 5) '''The entire plantbody is sporophyte except androecium and gynoecium(they are the only gametophytic representatives in entire plant)
 * 6) The vascular bundles are highly evolved than gymnosperms and pteridophytes
 * 7) They exhibit rich diversity when compared to other classes of plants

Activities
=Activity No # 1 - observing venation in leaves of dicot and monocot plants=

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=Activity No # 2 - observing germination of dicot and monocot seeds=

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=Assessment Activities for CCE=
 * 1) Write an essay on 'evolutionary trend in different classes of Kingdom Plantae' 
 * 2) Prepare herbarium of monocot and dicot leaves to compare venation
 * 3) Germinate monocot and dicot seeds,observe the growth and record your observation
 * 4) Collect the representative specimens of all the classes of Plantae and record the differences in their body structure.

= Project Ideas =
 * 1) Conduct a micro survey of monocot and dicot plants in your locality
 * 2) Project on,'comparative study of evolution of vascular bundles in plants' 

= Fun corner =