Government High School Kedoor,Kundapura talluk, Udupi District.

Social Science 10th Std, History Notes.

The Second World War.

After the Frist World War Conditions of Europe.

1.Countries faced many economic crises.

2.Germany, italy, Spain did not negotiate the crisis effectively.

3.Dictatorship emerged in Germany, Spain, Italy .

4.Dictator promised the national reconstruction in a grand way.

5.Europe once again witnessed aggressive nationalism.

Germany

After the 1st World War,Germany was forced to pay a very heavy war indemnity.

In that time Hitler became the dictator of Germany.

Achievement of Hitler./Changes by Hitler in Germany.

Adolf Hitler promised to end the humiliation to which Germany was subjected and built the Nazi Party.

He strengthened the army&German Economy.

His work, Mein Kempf(My Campaign),out lined his ruthless political ideas.

He organised private party, -'Brown Shirts' .

He organized his National Socialist party, ---Nazi

He declared that Germans belonging to the Aryan race&Jews belonged to Non Aryan stock.and had no right to live.

He declared that The Communist,the Jews,&the Treaty of Versailles were the main causes responsible for fall of Germany in the first world war.

Germanys president Hindenburge appointed Hitler as the Chancelor ,1933.

Hitler manipulate and became the dictator of germany and assumed the title ,The 'Fuehrer.

He suppressed the opposition parties and established a totalitarian regime.

Italy

After the first world war economy of Italy was in confussion.

The frustrated retired soldiers &the unemployed youth were organized int a private para-military force called Black-Shirts,by Mussolini.

His party came to be known as the Fascist.

In 1922 King Victor Emanuel III invited Mussolini to be the Prime minister.

He set the parliament aside&started ruling as a dictator.

Changes introduced by Mussolini./Policies followed by the Fascists in Italy.

Fascist thoughts were propagated in schools.

Fascist had no respect for human values&freedom.

Italin lost the freedom of speech,freedom of press.

Person who criticized the policy of Mussolini, consider as a traitor.

He organized a huge army.

In 1935 he invaded Abyssinia (Ethiopia)&conquered Albenia in 1939.

Causes for the Second World war

Imperialist&expansionist policies of Germany&Italy.

League of nation could not check the aggressive onslaught of expansionists.

3.No power came forward to undertake armed resistance against the initial attacks of Hitler&Mussolini.

4.Germany&Russia partitioned Poland in 1939.

Course of the War.

1.Germany attacked &occupied Poland in 1939, immidiately England&France declared war against Germany.

2.1940 Germany conquered Norway&Denmark.

Italy supported Germany.

Greece attacked Morocco&other areas of north Africa.

Germany invaded Russia in 1941.

Germany attacked France&England by conducting heavy aerial attacks.

England fought against Italy in north Africa&won many victories.

Estern Front Japan conquered the Philippines,Malaya,Singapore,Indonesia,Burma,Andaman island ,&proceeded towards India.

In 1941, Japan started an aerial attack on Pearl harbour &damaged the USA navy.

USA joined the Allied powers, in June 1944 , USA commander helped France &England.

Italy was defeated in September 1943 &Italy surrendered .

In 1944 German army was thrown out of Belgium&France.

Russia had driven back Germany up to Poland in 1944.

Allied Forces occupied Germany &Hitler committed suicide.

In 1945 August, USA dropped atom bombs on Japanese cities, Japan surrendered.

Who are the architects of the victory of Second world War?

Winston Churchill of England,

Truman of USA

Stalin of Russia,

De Gaulle of France.

Effects of 2nd World War./Main result of the Second World War.

1.Five crore people were killed.

2.50 lakhs jews were killed by Hitler.

3.Germany destroyed cities,towns,industries,etc.

4.Marshal Plan introduced by PresidentTruman, for reconstruction of the nations destroyed by the War.

5.Germany&Japan was totally disarmed.

6.Germany was divided in to four units.

7.Many African &Asian nations to free themselves.

8.For the establishment of permanent peace , United Nations Organization was established in 1945 October 24.

Why did the dictatorship emerged in Europe?

Europe countries faced severe economic crises. Newly established democracies in Germany,Italy,&Spain couldnot negotiate the crisis effectively ,So dictatorship emerged.

Europian Countries where dictatorship emerged ,Germany- Hitler,

ITALY-BENITO MUSOLINI.

Spain-Francisco Franco

Hitler gave the reason for the poor status of Germany-The Communists

The Jews

Treaty of Versailles.

The book written by Hitler—Mein Kempf.

Who appointed the Hitler the Chancellor of Germany?

Hindenburge ,Germany's President.

Hitler assumed the title ,the Fuehrer.

The political party estblashed by Hitler-Nazi(National Social Party).

Private army organized by Hitler- Brown Shirts.

The private paramilitary force established by Mussolini-Black Shirts.

The party established by Mussolini in Italy----- Fascist.

Explain Role USA in the second world War?

After the aerial attack on Pearl Harbour by Japan in 1941,USA entered the Second World War.

USA helped the allied powers,

In June 1944,USA commander Eisenhower landed in France&helped England.

USA sent its armies to Algeria in North Africa& helped to defeat Italy.

In 1945 August , USA dropped atom Bombs on two Japanese cities.Hiroshima &Nagasaki.Japan surrendered.

Explain Marshal Plan

Introduced by USA president Truman in 1945, after the End of Second World War.

Aim:Reconstruction of the nations destroyed by the War,and rendered substantial financial aid.

Why was UNO established.

For the establishment of permanent peace in the world.

Why did USA joned in the second world War?

Japan attacked Pearl Harbor port in 1941 December, then USA entered Second World War.