Bureaucrats, oversight, Administrators
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= Concept Map =
= Concept Map =
__FORCETOC__
__FORCETOC__
[[File:Accounting.mm|Flash]]
= Textbook =
= Textbook =
To add textbook links, please follow these instructions to:
To add textbook links, please follow these instructions to:
([{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/textbook|action=edit}} Click to create the subpage])
([{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/textbook|action=edit}} Click to create the subpage])
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double-entry_bookkeeping_system See Wikipedia page on double entry book keeping]
=Additional References=
=Additional References=
In some homes, parents may be maintaining a record of household expenses. Ask the student to bring an old record from a previous month for discussions in the class. Or your own record can be shared and discussed, if you maintain
In some homes, parents may be maintaining a record of household expenses. Ask the student to bring an old record from a previous month for discussions in the class. Or your own record can be shared and discussed, if you maintain
*Estimated Time - 1 period for discussions
*'''Estimated Time''' - 1 period for discussions
*Materials/ Resources needed - Register / record of expenses maintained at home
*'''Materials/ Resources needed''' - Register / record of expenses maintained at home
*Prerequisites/Instructions, if any - Discussing how accounting (keeping records of monetary transactions)is a very old and also a common practice. Simplest records are of household expenses.
*'''Prerequisites/Instructions, if any''' - Discussing how accounting (keeping records of monetary transactions)is a very old and also a common practice. Simplest records are of household expenses.
*Multimedia resources
*'''Multimedia resources'''
Short video which shows how we can use a spreadsheet (Video shows Excel, but same can be done with LibreOffice also) to keep a record of monthly expenses.
Short video which shows how we can use a spreadsheet (Video shows Excel, but same can be done with LibreOffice also) to keep a record of monthly expenses.
{{#widget:YouTube|id=UvDulzibJBI}}
{{#widget:YouTube|id=UvDulzibJBI}}
*Relevant local connections - people, places and materials
*'''Relevant local connections''' - people, places and materials
*Website interactives/ links
*'''Website interactives/ links'''
*Process - Even at home, your parents may be maintaining a simple record of expenses by date. The total of expenses may be calculated each month, to keep a track against the income (which may be a monthly income)
*'''Process''' - Even at home, your parents may be maintaining a simple record of expenses by date. The total of expenses may be calculated each month, to keep a track against the income (which may be a monthly income)
*What questions can you ask
*'''What questions can you ask'''
- Why is such a record being maintained at home?
- Why is such a record being maintained at home?
- How often is it recorded?
- How often is it recorded?
- What kind of expenses are most common during the month?Which are heavy expenses?
- What kind of expenses are most common during the month?Which are heavy expenses?
*Assessments - incorporating elements of CCE
*'''Assessments''' - incorporating elements of CCE
-Why is double entry system not maintained for home expense recording
-Why is double entry system not maintained for home expense recording
*Question Corner
*'''Question Corner'''
===Activity No # ===
===Activity No # 2 - Visit to local business / shop===
{| style="height:10px; float:right; align:center;"
{| style="height:10px; float:right; align:center;"
|<div style="width:150px;border:none; border-radius:10px;box-shadow: 5px 5px 5px #888888; background:#f5f5f5; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; padding:5px;">
|<div style="width:150px;border:none; border-radius:10px;box-shadow: 5px 5px 5px #888888; background:#f5f5f5; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; padding:5px;">
''[http://www.karnatakaeducation.org.in/?q=node/305 Click to Comment]''</div>
''[http://www.karnatakaeducation.org.in/?q=node/305 Click to Comment]''</div>
|}
|}
*Estimated Time
*Materials/ Resources needed
A visit can be planned and made to a local business which maintains it accounts under the double entry book keeping system. If such an entity is not easy to access, then a visit to the local shop can be planned, to discuss and understand from the shopkeeper how she/he maintains the records of expenditure and incomes
*Prerequisites/Instructions, if any
*Multimedia resources
*'''Estimated Time''' - 1/2 day
*Relevant local connections - people, places and materials
*'''Materials/ Resources needed'''
*Website interactives/ links
Pen, paper
*Process
*What questions can you ask
*'''Prerequisites/Instructions, if any'''
*Assessments - incorporating elements of CCE
all those related to managing an excursion
*Question Corner
*'''Multimedia resources'''
*'''Relevant local connections''' - people, places and materials
this is a visit to the local business/shop so links students to local institutions
*'''Website interactives/ links'''
*'''Process'''
Visit the shop with a set of questions relating to the maintenance of financial records. A smaller team can discuss and others can observe (asking additional questions if needed)
*'''What questions can you ask'''
How do you maintain records of income and expenditure
How do you preserve records
Do you need to show your records to anyone
*'''Assessments''' - incorporating elements of CCE
Why does a local shop keeper not maintain records under double entry book keeping system
*'''Question Corner'''
==Key Idea # 2 Types and examples of 'account heads'==
==Key Idea # 2 Types and examples of 'account heads'==
The information can be collected from different sources - financial statements / annual reports of companies, newspapers, magazines as well as from the Internet
The information can be collected from different sources - financial statements / annual reports of companies, newspapers, magazines as well as from the Internet
*Estimated Time - one period
*'''Estimated Time''' - one period
*Materials/ Resources needed - annual report/magazines/newspapers
*'''Materials/ Resources needed''' - annual report/magazines/newspapers
*Prerequisites/Instructions, if any - Introduction to accountancy (background/purpose) must be complete
*'''Prerequisites/Instructions, if any''' - Introduction to accountancy (background/purpose) must be complete
*Multimedia resources
*'''Multimedia resources'''
*Relevant local connections - people, places and materials
*'''Relevant local connections''' - people, places and materials
*Website interactives/ links
*'''Website interactives/ links'''
[https://www.google.co.in/#q=annual+report+of+indian+companies&revid=878717395 Internet search for company annual reports]
[https://www.google.co.in/#q=annual+report+of+indian+companies&revid=878717395 Internet search for company annual reports]
*Process
*'''Process'''
Ask students to look through these resources and make a list of popular account heads. Let them identify the account type (personal/real/nominal)for each account and give their reasons
Ask students to look through these resources and make a list of popular account heads. Let them identify the account type (personal/real/nominal)for each account and give their reasons
*What questions can you ask
*'''What questions can you ask'''
Which kind of accounts (personal/real/nominal) are more common in company balance sheets? Is there any pattern?
Which kind of accounts (personal/real/nominal) are more common in company balance sheets? Is there any pattern?
*Assessments - incorporating elements of CCE
*'''Assessments''' - incorporating elements of CCE
*Question Corner
'''*Question Corner'''
==Key Idea # Accountancy is also a public service==
==Key Idea # Accountancy is also a public service==
Discussions among a group of students/teachers on who all need accountancy and why?
Discussions among a group of students/teachers on who all need accountancy and why?
*Estimated Time -one period
*'''Estimated Time''' -one period
*Materials/ Resources needed
*'''Materials/ Resources needed'''
Paper,pen
Paper,pen
*Prerequisites/Instructions, if any
*'''Prerequisites/Instructions, if any'''
*Multimedia resources
*'''Multimedia resources'''
*Relevant local connections - people, places and materials
*'''Relevant local connections - people, places and materials'''
*Website interactives/ links
*'''Website interactives/ links'''
*Process
*'''Process'''
Different groups/teams of students can don the role of different actors and think and share why they need accountancy. Other students can add/probe/question/debate. One set of students can make a record of discussion highlights and share
Different groups/teams of students can don the role of different actors and think and share why they need accountancy. Other students can add/probe/question/debate. One set of students can make a record of discussion highlights and share
*Question Corner
*Question Corner
===Activity No # ===
===Activity No # 2 - Accounting practices issues===
{| style="height:10px; float:right; align:center;"
{| style="height:10px; float:right; align:center;"
|<div style="width:150px;border:none; border-radius:10px;box-shadow: 5px 5px 5px #888888; background:#f5f5f5; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; padding:5px;">
|<div style="width:150px;border:none; border-radius:10px;box-shadow: 5px 5px 5px #888888; background:#f5f5f5; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; padding:5px;">
''[http://www.karnatakaeducation.org.in/?q=node/305 Click to Comment]''</div>
''[http://www.karnatakaeducation.org.in/?q=node/305 Click to Comment]''</div>
|}
|}
*Estimated Time
*Materials/ Resources needed
Accountancy is the main system of understanding the performance of a business. The use of standards, principles, conventions/assumptions and concepts is to help all actors to get a common understanding of the performance and even potential of a business. However,there are also dangers from misuse of the accounting processes resulting in misrepresentation - intended or unintentional which can fool those outside the entity. In India,the famous recent such case is that of [http://in.reuters.com/article/2009/01/08/satyam-accounting-idINHKG30879120090108 Satyam Computers],where the company management created false records of revenues and false debtor records to boost profits.
*Prerequisites/Instructions, if any
*Multimedia resources
Students can discuss the accounting concepts/conventions/assumptions to see how they can be violated / misused to commit fraud. Also what measures can be adopted to prevent or trace such activities.
*Relevant local connections - people, places and materials
*Website interactives/ links
*'''Estimated Time'''
*Process
1 period
*What questions can you ask
*Assessments - incorporating elements of CCE
*'''Materials/ Resources needed'''
*Question Corner
*'''Prerequisites/Instructions, if any'''
*'''Multimedia resources'''
*'''Relevant local connections''' - people, places and materials
*'''Website interactives/ links'''
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accounting_scandals Wikipedia page on big accounting scandals across the world]
*'''Process'''
Discussion on the accounting concepts and how they can be mis-interpreted to mis-represent information of the entity
*'''What questions can you ask'''
*'''Assessments''' - incorporating elements of CCE
*'''Question Corner'''
What are the methods to detect accounting mistakes /errors / frauds?
Are there any patterns in the frauds committed by falsifying accounting records?
= Project Ideas =
= Project Ideas =
1. Some students may be getting 'pocket money' from their parents (for taking care of their personal expenditure on travel,books etc). Such students can be asked to maintain their expenditure record in a spreadsheet on a computer (or in a diary).
At the end of a month, the class can discuss the expenses incurred by the student.
2. Discussing the household monthly expenditure of a family
Students can do a project to identify the key expenses of their family/household over a month. They can present the expenditure in the form of a [https://help.libreoffice.org/Chart/Choosing_a_Chart_Type pie chart], using the LibreOffice calc - CHART function
Video on creating a pie chart using a spreadsheet (the video uses 'number of staff by region', you could do it with 'amount of expenditure by account head'
{{#widget:YouTube|id=DYSnnXC5Jvo}}
= Community Based Project =
= Community Based Project =
1. Accountancy is a very old profession. Speak to your grandparents or older people in your village / town to find out how they would maintain information about their incomes/expenses, receipts/payments.
2. Community audit or social audit is becoming an important idea. In Rajasthan, expenditure incurred by the Grama Panchayat has to be audited by the community. See a video in hindi on social audit of NREGA in Rajasthan
{{#widget:YouTube|id=U9s42lW3crA}}
[[Category:Business_Study]]
[[Category:India]]
[[Category:Class_9]]
