Bureaucrats, oversight, Administrators
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From Karnataka Open Educational Resources
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<mm>[[Acccounting.mm|Flash]]</mm>+
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−===Activity No # ===
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−''[http://www.karnatakaeducation.org.in/?q=node/305 Click to Comment]''</div>
−|}
−*Estimated Time
−*Materials/ Resources needed
−*Prerequisites/Instructions, if any
−*Multimedia resources
−*Relevant local connections - people, places and materials
−*Website interactives/ links
−*Process
−*What questions can you ask
−*Assessments - incorporating elements of CCE
−*Question Corner
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= Concept Map =
= Concept Map =
__FORCETOC__
__FORCETOC__
−[[File:Accounting.mm|Flash]]
= Textbook =
= Textbook =
To add textbook links, please follow these instructions to:
To add textbook links, please follow these instructions to:
([{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/textbook|action=edit}} Click to create the subpage])
([{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/textbook|action=edit}} Click to create the subpage])
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+[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double-entry_bookkeeping_system See Wikipedia page on double entry book keeping]
=Additional References=
=Additional References=
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In some homes, parents may be maintaining a record of household expenses. Ask the student to bring an old record from a previous month for discussions in the class. Or your own record can be shared and discussed, if you maintain
In some homes, parents may be maintaining a record of household expenses. Ask the student to bring an old record from a previous month for discussions in the class. Or your own record can be shared and discussed, if you maintain
−*Estimated Time - 1 period for discussions
+*'''Estimated Time''' - 1 period for discussions
−*Materials/ Resources needed - Register / record of expenses maintained at home
+*'''Materials/ Resources needed''' - Register / record of expenses maintained at home
−*Prerequisites/Instructions, if any - Discussing how accounting (keeping records of monetary transactions)is a very old and also a common practice. Simplest records are of household expenses.
+*'''Prerequisites/Instructions, if any''' - Discussing how accounting (keeping records of monetary transactions)is a very old and also a common practice. Simplest records are of household expenses.
−*Multimedia resources
+*'''Multimedia resources'''
Short video which shows how we can use a spreadsheet (Video shows Excel, but same can be done with LibreOffice also) to keep a record of monthly expenses.
Short video which shows how we can use a spreadsheet (Video shows Excel, but same can be done with LibreOffice also) to keep a record of monthly expenses.
{{#widget:YouTube|id=UvDulzibJBI}}
{{#widget:YouTube|id=UvDulzibJBI}}
−*Relevant local connections - people, places and materials
+*'''Relevant local connections''' - people, places and materials
−*Website interactives/ links
+*'''Website interactives/ links'''
−*Process - Even at home, your parents may be maintaining a simple record of expenses by date. The total of expenses may be calculated each month, to keep a track against the income (which may be a monthly income)
+*'''Process''' - Even at home, your parents may be maintaining a simple record of expenses by date. The total of expenses may be calculated each month, to keep a track against the income (which may be a monthly income)
−*What questions can you ask
+*'''What questions can you ask'''
- Why is such a record being maintained at home?
- Why is such a record being maintained at home?
- How often is it recorded?
- How often is it recorded?
- What kind of expenses are most common during the month?Which are heavy expenses?
- What kind of expenses are most common during the month?Which are heavy expenses?
−*Assessments - incorporating elements of CCE
+*'''Assessments''' - incorporating elements of CCE
-Why is double entry system not maintained for home expense recording
-Why is double entry system not maintained for home expense recording
−*Question Corner
+*'''Question Corner'''
−===Activity No # ===
+===Activity No # 2 - Visit to local business / shop===
{| style="height:10px; float:right; align:center;"
{| style="height:10px; float:right; align:center;"
|<div style="width:150px;border:none; border-radius:10px;box-shadow: 5px 5px 5px #888888; background:#f5f5f5; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; padding:5px;">
|<div style="width:150px;border:none; border-radius:10px;box-shadow: 5px 5px 5px #888888; background:#f5f5f5; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; padding:5px;">
''[http://www.karnatakaeducation.org.in/?q=node/305 Click to Comment]''</div>
''[http://www.karnatakaeducation.org.in/?q=node/305 Click to Comment]''</div>
|}
|}
−*Estimated Time
+*Materials/ Resources needed
+A visit can be planned and made to a local business which maintains it accounts under the double entry book keeping system. If such an entity is not easy to access, then a visit to the local shop can be planned, to discuss and understand from the shopkeeper how she/he maintains the records of expenditure and incomes
−*Prerequisites/Instructions, if any
+*Multimedia resources
+*'''Estimated Time''' - 1/2 day
−*Relevant local connections - people, places and materials
+*'''Materials/ Resources needed'''
−*Website interactives/ links
+Pen, paper
−*Process
+*What questions can you ask
+*'''Prerequisites/Instructions, if any'''
−*Assessments - incorporating elements of CCE
+all those related to managing an excursion
−*Question Corner
+*'''Multimedia resources'''
+*'''Relevant local connections''' - people, places and materials
+this is a visit to the local business/shop so links students to local institutions
+*'''Website interactives/ links'''
+*'''Process'''
+Visit the shop with a set of questions relating to the maintenance of financial records. A smaller team can discuss and others can observe (asking additional questions if needed)
+*'''What questions can you ask'''
+How do you maintain records of income and expenditure
+How do you preserve records
+Do you need to show your records to anyone
+*'''Assessments''' - incorporating elements of CCE
+Why does a local shop keeper not maintain records under double entry book keeping system
+*'''Question Corner'''
==Key Idea # 2 Types and examples of 'account heads'==
==Key Idea # 2 Types and examples of 'account heads'==
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The information can be collected from different sources - financial statements / annual reports of companies, newspapers, magazines as well as from the Internet
The information can be collected from different sources - financial statements / annual reports of companies, newspapers, magazines as well as from the Internet
−*Estimated Time - one period
+*'''Estimated Time''' - one period
−*Materials/ Resources needed - annual report/magazines/newspapers
+*'''Materials/ Resources needed''' - annual report/magazines/newspapers
−*Prerequisites/Instructions, if any - Introduction to accountancy (background/purpose) must be complete
+*'''Prerequisites/Instructions, if any''' - Introduction to accountancy (background/purpose) must be complete
−*Multimedia resources
+*'''Multimedia resources'''
−*Relevant local connections - people, places and materials
+*'''Relevant local connections''' - people, places and materials
−*Website interactives/ links
+*'''Website interactives/ links'''
[https://www.google.co.in/#q=annual+report+of+indian+companies&revid=878717395 Internet search for company annual reports]
[https://www.google.co.in/#q=annual+report+of+indian+companies&revid=878717395 Internet search for company annual reports]
−*Process
+*'''Process'''
Ask students to look through these resources and make a list of popular account heads. Let them identify the account type (personal/real/nominal)for each account and give their reasons
Ask students to look through these resources and make a list of popular account heads. Let them identify the account type (personal/real/nominal)for each account and give their reasons
−*What questions can you ask
+*'''What questions can you ask'''
Which kind of accounts (personal/real/nominal) are more common in company balance sheets? Is there any pattern?
Which kind of accounts (personal/real/nominal) are more common in company balance sheets? Is there any pattern?
−*Assessments - incorporating elements of CCE
+*'''Assessments''' - incorporating elements of CCE
−*Question Corner
+'''*Question Corner'''
−==Key Idea # Accountancy is also a public service==
==Key Idea # Accountancy is also a public service==
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Discussions among a group of students/teachers on who all need accountancy and why?
Discussions among a group of students/teachers on who all need accountancy and why?
−*Estimated Time -one period
+*'''Estimated Time''' -one period
−*Materials/ Resources needed
+*'''Materials/ Resources needed'''
Paper,pen
Paper,pen
−*Prerequisites/Instructions, if any
+*'''Prerequisites/Instructions, if any'''
−*Multimedia resources
+*'''Multimedia resources'''
−*Relevant local connections - people, places and materials
+*'''Relevant local connections - people, places and materials'''
−*Website interactives/ links
+*'''Website interactives/ links'''
−*Process
+*'''Process'''
Different groups/teams of students can don the role of different actors and think and share why they need accountancy. Other students can add/probe/question/debate. One set of students can make a record of discussion highlights and share
Different groups/teams of students can don the role of different actors and think and share why they need accountancy. Other students can add/probe/question/debate. One set of students can make a record of discussion highlights and share
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*Question Corner
*Question Corner
−===Activity No # ===
+===Activity No # 2 - Accounting practices issues===
{| style="height:10px; float:right; align:center;"
{| style="height:10px; float:right; align:center;"
|<div style="width:150px;border:none; border-radius:10px;box-shadow: 5px 5px 5px #888888; background:#f5f5f5; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; padding:5px;">
|<div style="width:150px;border:none; border-radius:10px;box-shadow: 5px 5px 5px #888888; background:#f5f5f5; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; padding:5px;">
''[http://www.karnatakaeducation.org.in/?q=node/305 Click to Comment]''</div>
''[http://www.karnatakaeducation.org.in/?q=node/305 Click to Comment]''</div>
|}
|}
−*Estimated Time
+*Materials/ Resources needed
+Accountancy is the main system of understanding the performance of a business. The use of standards, principles, conventions/assumptions and concepts is to help all actors to get a common understanding of the performance and even potential of a business. However,there are also dangers from misuse of the accounting processes resulting in misrepresentation - intended or unintentional which can fool those outside the entity. In India,the famous recent such case is that of [http://in.reuters.com/article/2009/01/08/satyam-accounting-idINHKG30879120090108 Satyam Computers],where the company management created false records of revenues and false debtor records to boost profits.
−*Prerequisites/Instructions, if any
+*Multimedia resources
+Students can discuss the accounting concepts/conventions/assumptions to see how they can be violated / misused to commit fraud. Also what measures can be adopted to prevent or trace such activities.
−*Relevant local connections - people, places and materials
+*Website interactives/ links
+*'''Estimated Time'''
−*Process
+1 period
−*What questions can you ask
+*Assessments - incorporating elements of CCE
+*'''Materials/ Resources needed'''
−*Question Corner
+*'''Prerequisites/Instructions, if any'''
+*'''Multimedia resources'''
+*'''Relevant local connections''' - people, places and materials
+*'''Website interactives/ links'''
+[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accounting_scandals Wikipedia page on big accounting scandals across the world]
+*'''Process'''
+Discussion on the accounting concepts and how they can be mis-interpreted to mis-represent information of the entity
+*'''What questions can you ask'''
+*'''Assessments''' - incorporating elements of CCE
+*'''Question Corner'''
+What are the methods to detect accounting mistakes /errors / frauds?
+Are there any patterns in the frauds committed by falsifying accounting records?
= Project Ideas =
= Project Ideas =
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{{#widget:YouTube|id=U9s42lW3crA}}
{{#widget:YouTube|id=U9s42lW3crA}}
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+[[Category:Business_Study]]
+[[Category:India]]
+[[Category:Class_9]]
