Difference between revisions of "User:RaveendranKV"
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(i have added a glossary of loan words) |
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− | Multilingual | + | Multilingual pedag |
+ | |||
+ | ogy | ||
+ | {| class="wikitable" | ||
+ | |അത്തര് | ||
+ | |attar | ||
+ | |/ät̪:ɐr/ | ||
+ | |perfume | ||
+ | |عطر | ||
+ | |ʿaṭar | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |അദാലത്ത് | ||
+ | |adālattŭ | ||
+ | |/äd̪äːlɐt̪ːɨ̆/ | ||
+ | |court of justice | ||
+ | |عدالة | ||
+ | |ʿadāla(t) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |അനാമത്ത് | ||
+ | |anāmattŭ | ||
+ | |/änäːmɐt̪ːɨ̆/ | ||
+ | |deposits given for security | ||
+ | |امانة | ||
+ | |amāna(t) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |അസല് | ||
+ | |asal | ||
+ | |/äsɐl/ | ||
+ | |original document | ||
+ | |أصل | ||
+ | |aṣl | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |ആലം | ||
+ | |ālaṁ | ||
+ | |/äːlɐm/ | ||
+ | |world | ||
+ | |عالم | ||
+ | |ʿālm | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |ആപത്ത് | ||
+ | |āpattŭ | ||
+ | |/äːbɐt̪ːɨ̆/ | ||
+ | |danger | ||
+ | |آفة | ||
+ | |āffáthu | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |ഇക്ക | ||
+ | |ikka | ||
+ | |/ik:ä/ | ||
+ | |brother | ||
+ | |أخ | ||
+ | |akh | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |ഇത്ത | ||
+ | |itta | ||
+ | |/it̪:ä/ | ||
+ | |sister | ||
+ | |أخت | ||
+ | |ikht | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |ഇഷ്ക്ക് | ||
+ | |iṣkkŭ | ||
+ | |/iʂkɨ̆/ | ||
+ | |love | ||
+ | |عشق | ||
+ | |ʿishq | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |ഉപ്പ | ||
+ | |uppa | ||
+ | |/up:ä/ | ||
+ | |father | ||
+ | |أب | ||
+ | |ab | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |ഉമ്മ | ||
+ | |umma | ||
+ | |/um:ä/ | ||
+ | |mother | ||
+ | |أم | ||
+ | |um | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |ഉലുവ | ||
+ | |uluva | ||
+ | |/uluʋä/ | ||
+ | |Trigonella foenum-graecum | ||
+ | |حلبة | ||
+ | |hulba(t) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |ഉസ്താദ് | ||
+ | |ustādŭ | ||
+ | |/ust̪ä:d̪ɨ̆/ | ||
+ | |Islamic teacher, scholar, imam | ||
+ | |أستاذ | ||
+ | |ustādh | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |ഒപ്പന | ||
+ | |oppana | ||
+ | |/op:ɐnä/ | ||
+ | |Oppana | ||
+ | |عبنا | ||
+ | |ʿabna | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |ഇഞ്ജീൽ | ||
+ | |iñjīl | ||
+ | |/iɲ:d͡ʒiːl/ | ||
+ | |Gospel (Bible) | ||
+ | |الإنجيل | ||
+ | |al-ʾinjīl | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |ഒസ്യത്ത് | ||
+ | |osyattŭ | ||
+ | |/osjɐt̪:ɨ̆/ | ||
+ | |the last will, testament | ||
+ | |وصية | ||
+ | |waṣya(t) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |ആഫിയത്ത് | ||
+ | |āphiyattŭ | ||
+ | |/äːpʰijɐt̪ːɨ̆/ | ||
+ | |Opium | ||
+ | |افیون | ||
+ | |afyūn | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |കത്ത് | ||
+ | |kattŭ | ||
+ | |/kät̪:ɨ̆/ | ||
+ | |letter | ||
+ | |خط | ||
+ | |khaṭ | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |കാലി | ||
+ | |kāli | ||
+ | |/kä:li/ | ||
+ | |empty | ||
+ | |خالی | ||
+ | |khali | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |കബര് | ||
+ | |kabar | ||
+ | |/käbɐr/ | ||
+ | |grave | ||
+ | |قبر | ||
+ | |qabr | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |കബൂല് | ||
+ | |kabūl | ||
+ | |/käbu:l/ | ||
+ | |accept, clarify | ||
+ | |قبول | ||
+ | |qabūl | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |കരാര് | ||
+ | |karār | ||
+ | |/kɐɾä:r/ | ||
+ | |agreement, contract | ||
+ | |قرار | ||
+ | |qarār | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |കലാശം | ||
+ | |kalāśaṁ | ||
+ | |/kɐlä:ʃɐm/ | ||
+ | |conclusion | ||
+ | |خلاص | ||
+ | |khalāṣ | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |കശാപ്പ് | ||
+ | |kaśāppŭ | ||
+ | |/käʃäːpːɨ̆/ | ||
+ | |butchery | ||
+ | |قصاب | ||
+ | |qaṣāb | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |കായിതം | ||
+ | |kāyitaṁ | ||
+ | |/käːjid̪ɐm/ | ||
+ | |note | ||
+ | |قاعدة | ||
+ | |qāʿeda(t) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |കവാത്ത് | ||
+ | |kavātt | ||
+ | |/käʋäːt̪ːɨ̆/ | ||
+ | |drill | ||
+ | |قَادَ | ||
+ | |qāda | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |കിസ്മത്ത് | ||
+ | |kismattŭ | ||
+ | |/kismät̪ːɨ̆/ | ||
+ | |fate, luck, share | ||
+ | |قسمة | ||
+ | |qisma(t) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |കീമാ | ||
+ | |kīmā | ||
+ | |/kiːmäː/ | ||
+ | |chemistry, chemical | ||
+ | |كيمياء | ||
+ | |kīmyāʾ | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |കീശ | ||
+ | |kīśa | ||
+ | |/kiːʃä/ | ||
+ | |pocket | ||
+ | |كيس | ||
+ | |kīs | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |കൈപ്പീത്ത് | ||
+ | |kaippīttŭ | ||
+ | |/käipːiːt̪ːɨ̆/ | ||
+ | |chronicle | ||
+ | |كيفية | ||
+ | |kyfia(t) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |ഖജനാവ് | ||
+ | |khajanāvŭ | ||
+ | |/kʰäd͡ʒɐnäːʋɨ̆/ | ||
+ | |treasury | ||
+ | |خزينة | ||
+ | |khazīna(t) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |ഖൽബ് | ||
+ | |khalbŭ | ||
+ | |/kʰälbɨ̆/ | ||
+ | |heart | ||
+ | |قلب | ||
+ | |qalb | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |കിതാബ് | ||
+ | |kitābŭ | ||
+ | |/kid̪äːbɨ̆/ | ||
+ | |book | ||
+ | |كِتَاب | ||
+ | |kitāb | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |കുബൂസ് | ||
+ | |kubūsŭ | ||
+ | |/kubu:sɨ̆/ | ||
+ | |Flat Bread | ||
+ | |خُبْز | ||
+ | |ḵubz | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |ചെകുത്താൻ | ||
+ | |cekuttān | ||
+ | |/t͡ʃekut̪ːäːn/ | ||
+ | |devil | ||
+ | |الشيطان | ||
+ | |Al shythan | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |ചേക്ക് | ||
+ | |cēkkŭ | ||
+ | |/t͡ʃeːkːɨ̆/ | ||
+ | |gambling | ||
+ | |قِمَار | ||
+ | |qimār | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |ജപ്തി | ||
+ | |japti | ||
+ | |/d͡ʒɐpt̪i/ | ||
+ | |foreclosure | ||
+ | |ضبطي | ||
+ | |ḍabt̪i | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |ജാമ്യം | ||
+ | |jāmyaṃ | ||
+ | |/d͡ʒäːmjɐm/ | ||
+ | |bail | ||
+ | |الكفالة | ||
+ | |ḍāmyäm | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |ജില്ല | ||
+ | |jilla | ||
+ | |/d͡ʒil:ä/ | ||
+ | |district | ||
+ | |ضلع | ||
+ | |ḍilʿa | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |തകരാര് | ||
+ | |takarār | ||
+ | |/t̪ägɐɾä:r/ | ||
+ | |repeat | ||
+ | |تكرار | ||
+ | |takrār | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |താക്കീത് | ||
+ | |tākītŭ | ||
+ | |/t̪äːkːiːd̪ɨ̆/ | ||
+ | |warning | ||
+ | |تاقيد | ||
+ | |tāqīd | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |തർജ്ജമ | ||
+ | |tarjjama | ||
+ | |/t̪ärd͡ʒːɐmä/ | ||
+ | |translation | ||
+ | |ترجمة | ||
+ | |tarjama(t) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |തലാക്ക് | ||
+ | |talākkŭ | ||
+ | |/t̪ɐläːkːɨ̆/ | ||
+ | |divorce | ||
+ | |طلاق | ||
+ | |ṭalāq | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |തവണ | ||
+ | |tavaṇa | ||
+ | |/t̪äʋɐɳä/ | ||
+ | |times, turns, installment | ||
+ | |دفعة | ||
+ | |dafʿa(t) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |താലൂക്ക് | ||
+ | |tālukkŭ | ||
+ | |/t̪äːluːkːɨ̆/ | ||
+ | |Tehsil (administrative division) | ||
+ | |تعلق | ||
+ | |tʿālq | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |ദല്ലാള് | ||
+ | |dallāḷ | ||
+ | |/d̪ɐlːäɭ/ | ||
+ | |mediator, broker | ||
+ | |دلال | ||
+ | |dalāl | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |ദുനിയാവ് | ||
+ | |duniyāvŭ | ||
+ | |/d̪unijäːʋɨ̆/ | ||
+ | |world | ||
+ | |دنيا | ||
+ | |duniā | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |നക്കല് | ||
+ | |nakkal | ||
+ | |/n̪äkːɐl/ | ||
+ | |copy | ||
+ | |نقل | ||
+ | |naql | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |നിക്കാഹ് | ||
+ | |nikkāhŭ | ||
+ | |/nikːäːhɨ̆/ | ||
+ | |wedding (Muslim) | ||
+ | |نكاح | ||
+ | |nikāḥ | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |ഫക്കീര് | ||
+ | |fakkīr | ||
+ | |/fäkːiːr/ | ||
+ | |fakir | ||
+ | |فقير | ||
+ | |faqīr | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |പത്തിരി | ||
+ | |pattiri | ||
+ | |/pät̪ːiɾi/ | ||
+ | |Pathiri | ||
+ | |فطيرة | ||
+ | |faṭīra(t) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |ഫർക്കം | ||
+ | |farkkam | ||
+ | |/fäɾkːɐm/ | ||
+ | |a part of a district | ||
+ | |فرقة | ||
+ | |farqa(t) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |ബദല് | ||
+ | |badal | ||
+ | |/bäd̪ɐl/ | ||
+ | |substitute | ||
+ | |بدل | ||
+ | |badl | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |ബാക്കി | ||
+ | |bākki | ||
+ | |/bäːkːi/ | ||
+ | |left, remaining | ||
+ | |باقی | ||
+ | |bāqi | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |ബിലാത്തി | ||
+ | |bilātti | ||
+ | |/biläːt̪ːi/ | ||
+ | |England | ||
+ | |ولايتى | ||
+ | |wilāyti | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |ഗരീബ് | ||
+ | |garībŭ | ||
+ | |/ɡäɾiːbɨ̆/ | ||
+ | |strange person | ||
+ | |غريب | ||
+ | |ḡarīb | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |മഹസ്സര് | ||
+ | |mahassar | ||
+ | |/mähɐsːɐr/ | ||
+ | |report, inquest | ||
+ | |محضر | ||
+ | |muḥḍar | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |മയ്യത്ത് | ||
+ | |mayyattŭ | ||
+ | |/mäjːet̪ːɨ̆/ | ||
+ | |death | ||
+ | |ميت | ||
+ | |maytūna | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |മാപ്പ് | ||
+ | |māppŭ | ||
+ | |/mäːpːɨ̆/ | ||
+ | |sorry, apology | ||
+ | |معاف | ||
+ | |mʿāf | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |മാലൂമി | ||
+ | |mālūmi | ||
+ | |/mäːluːmi/ | ||
+ | |teacher, leader | ||
+ | |معلم | ||
+ | |muʿalam | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |മീറ | ||
+ | |mīṟa | ||
+ | |/miːrä/ | ||
+ | |myrrh | ||
+ | |مر | ||
+ | |mir | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |മുക്തിയാര് | ||
+ | |muktiyār | ||
+ | |/mukt̪ijäːr/ | ||
+ | |attorney, authorized representative | ||
+ | |مختار | ||
+ | |mukhtār | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |മുൻഷി | ||
+ | |muṉṣi | ||
+ | |/munʂi/ | ||
+ | |writer, interpreter | ||
+ | |منشی | ||
+ | |munshi | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |മുൻസിഫ് | ||
+ | |muṉsifŭ | ||
+ | |/munsifɨ̆/ | ||
+ | |advocate | ||
+ | |منصف | ||
+ | |munaṣif | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |മുസാവരി | ||
+ | |musāvari | ||
+ | |/musäʋɐɾi/ | ||
+ | |rest house, inn | ||
+ | |مسافر | ||
+ | |musāfir | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |മുസീവത്ത് | ||
+ | |musīvattŭ | ||
+ | |/musiːʋɐt̪ːɨ̆/ | ||
+ | |trouble, problem | ||
+ | |مصيبة | ||
+ | |muṣība(t) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |മുഹബ്ബത്ത് | ||
+ | |muhabbattŭ | ||
+ | |/muhäbːɐt̪ːɨ̆/ | ||
+ | |love | ||
+ | |محبة | ||
+ | |muhaba(t) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |മൈതാനം | ||
+ | |maitānaṃ | ||
+ | |/mäjd̪äːnɐm/ | ||
+ | |ground, arena | ||
+ | |ميدان | ||
+ | |mīdān | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |രൊക്കം | ||
+ | |rokkaṃ | ||
+ | |/ɾokːɐm/ | ||
+ | |ready cash | ||
+ | |رقم | ||
+ | |raqm | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |റദ്ദ് | ||
+ | |ṟaddŭ | ||
+ | |/räd̪ːɨ̆/ | ||
+ | |cancel, deactivate | ||
+ | |رد | ||
+ | |rad | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |റഹ്മാൻ | ||
+ | |ṟahmāṉ | ||
+ | |/rähmäːn/ | ||
+ | |compassion | ||
+ | |رحمة | ||
+ | |raḥma | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |വക്കാലത്ത് | ||
+ | |vakkālattŭ | ||
+ | |/ʋäkːäːlɐt̪ːɨ̆/ | ||
+ | |power of attorney | ||
+ | |وكالة | ||
+ | |wkāla(t) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |വക്കീല് | ||
+ | |vakkīl | ||
+ | |/ʋäkːiːl/ | ||
+ | |advocate | ||
+ | |وکیل | ||
+ | |wakīl | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |വത്തയ്ക്ക | ||
+ | |vattaykka | ||
+ | |/ʋät̪ːɐjkːä/ | ||
+ | |Citrullus lanatus fruit | ||
+ | |بطيخ | ||
+ | |baṭīkh | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |വർക്കത്ത് | ||
+ | |varkkattŭ | ||
+ | |/ʋärkːɐt̪ɨ̆/ | ||
+ | |prosperity, fortune | ||
+ | |بركة | ||
+ | |barka(t) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |വാപ്പ | ||
+ | |vāppa | ||
+ | |/ʋäːpːä/ | ||
+ | |father | ||
+ | |بابا | ||
+ | |bābā | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |വയ്യ | ||
+ | |vayya | ||
+ | |/ʋäjːä/ | ||
+ | |weary | ||
+ | |إعياء | ||
+ | |āyyāvu | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |ഷമാം | ||
+ | |ṣamāṁ | ||
+ | |/ʂɐmäːm/ | ||
+ | |Cucumis melo | ||
+ | |شمام | ||
+ | |shamām | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |സന്നത് | ||
+ | |sannatŭ | ||
+ | |/sänːɐd̪ɨ̆/ | ||
+ | |licence | ||
+ | |سند | ||
+ | |sand | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |സർബത്ത് | ||
+ | |sarbattŭ | ||
+ | |/särbɐt̪ɨ̆/ | ||
+ | |sherbet | ||
+ | |شربات | ||
+ | |sharabāt | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |സുറിയാനി | ||
+ | |suṟiyāni | ||
+ | |/surijäːni/ | ||
+ | |Syrian | ||
+ | |سورياني | ||
+ | |sūryāni | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |സുൽത്താൻ | ||
+ | |sulttāṉ | ||
+ | |/sult̪ːäːn/ | ||
+ | |Ruler | ||
+ | |سلطان | ||
+ | |sultan | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |ഹക്കിം | ||
+ | |hakkiṃ | ||
+ | |/häkːim/ | ||
+ | |physician | ||
+ | |حكيم | ||
+ | |ḥakīm | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |ഹജൂര് | ||
+ | |hajūr | ||
+ | |/häd͡ʒuːr/ | ||
+ | |presence | ||
+ | |حضور | ||
+ | |ḥuḍūr | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |ഹർജി | ||
+ | |haṟji | ||
+ | |/härd͡ʒi/ | ||
+ | |petition | ||
+ | |عريضة | ||
+ | |ʿarīḍa(t) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |അങ്ങ് | ||
+ | |aṅṅŭ | ||
+ | |/äŋːɨ̆/ | ||
+ | |You (formal) | ||
+ | |أنت | ||
+ | |ant(t) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |അലുവ | ||
+ | |aluva | ||
+ | |/äluʋä/ | ||
+ | |sweet | ||
+ | |حلوى | ||
+ | |halwā | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |ജസരി | ||
+ | |jasari | ||
+ | |/d͡ʒɐsɐɾi/ | ||
+ | |islander | ||
+ | |جزري | ||
+ | |jazur | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | === Hebrew[edit] === | ||
+ | The Hebrew language contributes a large number of words into a dialect form of Judeo-Malayalam that is spoken by the Cochin Jewish community of Kerala. | ||
+ | {| class="wikitable" | ||
+ | !Malayalam Transliteration | ||
+ | !Meaning | ||
+ | !Original Form | ||
+ | !Pronunciation | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |അളം | ||
+ | |world | ||
+ | |עולם | ||
+ | |oˈlam | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |അലിയ | ||
+ | |ascension | ||
+ | |עלייה | ||
+ | |aliyá | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |അലുവ/ഹലുവ | ||
+ | |sweet | ||
+ | |חלבה | ||
+ | |halvah | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |ബാ | ||
+ | |come | ||
+ | |בא | ||
+ | |ba | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |ബേത് ക്നേസേത് | ||
+ | |synagogue | ||
+ | |בית כנסת | ||
+ | |beit-k'néset | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |ഇവിരീത് | ||
+ | |Hebrew language | ||
+ | |עברית | ||
+ | |ivrít | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |കബറ് | ||
+ | |grave, tomb | ||
+ | |קבר | ||
+ | |kéver | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |മിശ്രേം, മിശ്രീം | ||
+ | |Egypt, Egyptian | ||
+ | |מצרים, מצרי | ||
+ | |mitsráyim, mitsrí | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |മെത്ത | ||
+ | |bed | ||
+ | |מיטה | ||
+ | |metah | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |നവി | ||
+ | |prophet | ||
+ | |נביא | ||
+ | |naví | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |റബ്ബാൻ, രമ്പാൻ | ||
+ | |rabbi, teacher, monk | ||
+ | |רבי | ||
+ | |rabbi | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |സായിത്ത് | ||
+ | |olive | ||
+ | |זית | ||
+ | |záyit | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |സഫറാദ്, സഫറാദി | ||
+ | |Spain, Spaniard | ||
+ | |ספרד, ספרדי | ||
+ | |sfarad, sfaradi | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |ശാലോം | ||
+ | |hello, peace | ||
+ | |שלום | ||
+ | |shalóm | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |ശാലോം ആയി | ||
+ | |death | ||
+ | |שלום עליי | ||
+ | |shalóm ali | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |ശീർ | ||
+ | |song, music | ||
+ | |שיר | ||
+ | |shir | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |ശോഷന്നാ | ||
+ | |lily | ||
+ | |שושן | ||
+ | |shoshán | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |തപ്പുവാഖ് | ||
+ | |apple | ||
+ | |תפוח | ||
+ | |tapúakh | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |തോറ | ||
+ | |Torah | ||
+ | |תורה | ||
+ | |torá | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |യവൻ, യാവന | ||
+ | |Greece, Greek (Likely to be derived from "Ionian", the Greeks who lived in Asia Minor) | ||
+ | |יוון, יווני | ||
+ | |yaván, yevani | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |യഹോവ | ||
+ | |Lord | ||
+ | |יהוה | ||
+ | |YHVH | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |യിസ്രായേൽ, യിസ്രായേലി | ||
+ | |Israel, Israeli | ||
+ | |ישראל, הישראלי | ||
+ | |yisra'él, yisra'éli | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |യൂദാ, യെഹൂദൻ | ||
+ | |Jew, Jewish | ||
+ | |יהודי | ||
+ | |y'hudi | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | === Persian[edit] === | ||
+ | There are a few words of Persian origin in Malayalam, though it is possible many of them could have been indirectly loaned from Urdu. | ||
+ | {| class="wikitable" | ||
+ | !Malayalam | ||
+ | !Malayalam Romanization | ||
+ | !IPA Pronunciation | ||
+ | !Meaning | ||
+ | !Persian word | ||
+ | !Transliteration | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |അബ്കാരി | ||
+ | |abkāri | ||
+ | |/äbkäːɾi/ | ||
+ | |dealing of alcohol | ||
+ | |آبکاری | ||
+ | |âbkârī | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |ചൊറുക്ക | ||
+ | |coṟukka | ||
+ | |/t͡ʃorukːä/ | ||
+ | |pickle | ||
+ | |سرکه | ||
+ | |serkâ | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |ബദാം | ||
+ | |badāṃ | ||
+ | |/bɐd̪äːm/ | ||
+ | |Almond | ||
+ | |بادام | ||
+ | |bâdâm | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |ഹവിൽദാർ | ||
+ | |havildār | ||
+ | |/häʋild̪äːr/ | ||
+ | |Havildar | ||
+ | |حولدار | ||
+ | |ḥavildâr | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |ഉഷാര് | ||
+ | |uṣār | ||
+ | |/uʂäːr/ | ||
+ | |alert, enthusiasm | ||
+ | |هوشیار | ||
+ | |hūšyâr | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |ഉറുമാല് | ||
+ | |uṟumāl | ||
+ | |/urumäːl/ | ||
+ | |handkerchief | ||
+ | |رومال | ||
+ | |rūmâl | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |കമാനം | ||
+ | |kamānaṁ | ||
+ | |/kämäːnɐm/ | ||
+ | |arc | ||
+ | |کمان | ||
+ | |kamân | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |കശകശ | ||
+ | |kaśakaśa | ||
+ | |/käʃägɐʃä/ | ||
+ | |poppy seed | ||
+ | |خشخاش | ||
+ | |xašxâš | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |കാക്കി | ||
+ | |kākki | ||
+ | |/käːkːi/ | ||
+ | |Khaki | ||
+ | |خاکی | ||
+ | |xâkī | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |കാനേഷുമാരി | ||
+ | |kānēṣumāri | ||
+ | |/käːneːʂumäːɾi/ | ||
+ | |census | ||
+ | |خانه شماری | ||
+ | |xânah šumârī | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |കിലേദാര് | ||
+ | |kilēdār | ||
+ | |/kileːd̪äːr/ | ||
+ | |fort keeper | ||
+ | |قلعه دار | ||
+ | |q̈ilʿah dâr | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |കുശാല് | ||
+ | |kuśāl | ||
+ | |/kuʃä:l/ | ||
+ | |happy | ||
+ | |خوشحال | ||
+ | |xūšḥâl | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |ഗുസ്തി | ||
+ | |gusti | ||
+ | |/gust̪i/ | ||
+ | |wrestling | ||
+ | |کشتی | ||
+ | |kuštī | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |ഗോതമ്പ് | ||
+ | |gōtampŭ | ||
+ | |/ɡoːd̪ɐmpɨ̆/ | ||
+ | |wheat | ||
+ | |گندم | ||
+ | |gandom | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |ഇനാം | ||
+ | |ināṃ | ||
+ | |/inäːm/ | ||
+ | |Reward | ||
+ | |انعام | ||
+ | |inʿām | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |ചപ്രാസി | ||
+ | |caprāsi | ||
+ | |/t͡ʃäpɾäːsi/ | ||
+ | |peon | ||
+ | |چپراسی | ||
+ | |čaprâsī | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |ചാക്കിരി | ||
+ | |cākkiri | ||
+ | |/t͡ʃäːkːiɾi/ | ||
+ | |servant | ||
+ | |چاکری | ||
+ | |čâkrī | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |തയ്യാർ | ||
+ | |tayyār | ||
+ | |/t̪äjːäːr/ | ||
+ | |ready | ||
+ | |تیار | ||
+ | |tayyar | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |ജമാവന്തി | ||
+ | |jamāvanti | ||
+ | |/d͡ʒɐmäːʋɐnt̪i/ | ||
+ | |land record | ||
+ | |جمع بندی | ||
+ | |jamaʿ bandī | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |ജമീന്ദാര് | ||
+ | |jamīndār | ||
+ | |/d͡ʒɐmiːn̪d̪äːr/ | ||
+ | |landlord | ||
+ | |زمین دار | ||
+ | |zamīndâr | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |ജവാന | ||
+ | |javāna | ||
+ | |/d͡ʒɐʋäːnɐ/ | ||
+ | |youth | ||
+ | |جوان | ||
+ | |javân | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |ജീനി | ||
+ | |jīni | ||
+ | |/d͡ʒi:ni/ | ||
+ | |saddle | ||
+ | |زین | ||
+ | |zīn | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |ജോര് | ||
+ | |jōr | ||
+ | |/d͡ʒo:r/ | ||
+ | |magnificent, powerful | ||
+ | |زور | ||
+ | |zūr | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |തമാശ | ||
+ | |tamāśa | ||
+ | |/t̪ämäːʃɐ/ | ||
+ | |joke | ||
+ | |تماشا | ||
+ | |tamâšâ | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |തമ്പാക്ക് | ||
+ | |tampākkŭ | ||
+ | |/t̪ämpäːkːɨ̆/ | ||
+ | |tobacco | ||
+ | |تنباکو | ||
+ | |tanbâkū | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |ദർബാര് | ||
+ | |daṟbār | ||
+ | |/d̪ärbäːr/ | ||
+ | |king’s court | ||
+ | |دربار | ||
+ | |darbâr | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |ദസ്താവേജ് | ||
+ | |dastāvējŭ | ||
+ | |/d̪äst̪äʋeːd͡ʒɨ̆/ | ||
+ | |documentation | ||
+ | |دستاویز | ||
+ | |dastâviz | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |പയല്വാൻ | ||
+ | |payalvāṉ | ||
+ | |/päjelʋäːn/ | ||
+ | |wrestler | ||
+ | |پهلوان | ||
+ | |pahlvân | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |പർദ്ദ | ||
+ | |paṟdda | ||
+ | |/pärd̪ːä/ | ||
+ | |burka | ||
+ | |پرده | ||
+ | |pardah | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |പറങ്കി | ||
+ | |paṟaṅki | ||
+ | |/pärɐŋki/ | ||
+ | |Portuguese | ||
+ | |فرنگی | ||
+ | |firangī | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |പാപ്പാസ് | ||
+ | |pāppāsŭ | ||
+ | |/pä:p:ä:sɨ̆/ | ||
+ | |slipper | ||
+ | |پاپوش | ||
+ | |pâpūš | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |ബസാര് | ||
+ | |basār | ||
+ | |/bɐsäːr/ | ||
+ | |market | ||
+ | |بازار | ||
+ | |bazaar | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |ബന്തവസ് | ||
+ | |bantavasŭ | ||
+ | |/bän̪t̪ɐʋäsɨ̆/ | ||
+ | |custody | ||
+ | |بند و بست | ||
+ | |band ū bast | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |ബന്ദി | ||
+ | |bandi | ||
+ | |/bän̪d̪i/ | ||
+ | |slave, prisoner | ||
+ | |بندی | ||
+ | |bandī | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |ബേജാര് | ||
+ | |bējār | ||
+ | |/be:d͡ʒä:r/ | ||
+ | |sad, worried | ||
+ | |بیزار | ||
+ | |bīzâr | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |മാപ്പ് | ||
+ | |māppŭ | ||
+ | |/mäːpːɨ̆/ | ||
+ | |apology | ||
+ | |ماف | ||
+ | |māffu | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |നിരക്ക് | ||
+ | |nirakkŭ | ||
+ | |/n̪iɾɐkːɨ̆/ | ||
+ | |rate | ||
+ | |نرخ | ||
+ | |nerx | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |മേലാൽ | ||
+ | |mēlāl | ||
+ | |/me:lä:l/ | ||
+ | |ever | ||
+ | |مهلعل | ||
+ | |malāl | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |ലഗാന് | ||
+ | |lagān | ||
+ | |/lɐgä:n/ | ||
+ | |bridle, control | ||
+ | |لگام | ||
+ | |lagâm | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |വാങ്ക് | ||
+ | |vāṅkŭ | ||
+ | |/ʋä:ŋkɨ̆/ | ||
+ | |Azaan, prayer call | ||
+ | |بانگ | ||
+ | |bang | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |ശിപായി | ||
+ | |śipāyi | ||
+ | |/ʃibä:ji/ | ||
+ | |soldier | ||
+ | |سرباز | ||
+ | |sarbâz | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |ശരാശരി | ||
+ | |śarāśari | ||
+ | |/ʃɐɾäːʃɐɾi/ | ||
+ | |average | ||
+ | |سراسری | ||
+ | |sarâsrī | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |സാമാനം | ||
+ | |sāmānaṁ | ||
+ | |/säːmäːnɐm/ | ||
+ | |stuff | ||
+ | |سامان | ||
+ | |sâmân | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |സവാരി | ||
+ | |savāri | ||
+ | |/si.waːr/ | ||
+ | |ride | ||
+ | |سوار | ||
+ | |sovâr | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |സിന്ദാബാദ് | ||
+ | |sindābād | ||
+ | |/sin̪d̪aːbaːd̪/ | ||
+ | |long live | ||
+ | |زنده باد | ||
+ | |zende bâd | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |ശുപാർശ | ||
+ | |śupārśa | ||
+ | |/ʃuba:rʃa/ | ||
+ | |recommendation | ||
+ | |سفارش | ||
+ | |sifâr | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |സബാഷ് | ||
+ | |sabash | ||
+ | |/ʃɑː.bɑːʃᵊ/ | ||
+ | |well done | ||
+ | |شاباش | ||
+ | |šâbâš | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | === Aramaic or East Syriac[edit] === | ||
+ | Suriyani Malayalam (or Karshoni), which used the East Syriac script to write Malayalam, was a popular medium of written communication among Saint Thomas Christians (Suriyani Christiani) in Kerala until the 19th century. | ||
+ | {| class="wikitable" | ||
+ | !Malayalam | ||
+ | !Malayalam Romanization | ||
+ | !IPA Pronunciation | ||
+ | !Meaning | ||
+ | !Original form | ||
+ | !Transliteration | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |അറം | ||
+ | |aram | ||
+ | |/aram/ | ||
+ | |Earth | ||
+ | |ܐܪܥܐ | ||
+ | |ar'ā | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |കത്തനാര് | ||
+ | |kattanār | ||
+ | |/kat̪:ana:r/ | ||
+ | |Priest | ||
+ | |ܟܗܢܐ | ||
+ | |kahnā | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |കബ്റ | ||
+ | |kabṟa | ||
+ | |/kabra/ | ||
+ | |Grave | ||
+ | |ܩܒܪܐ | ||
+ | |qaḇrā | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |കശീശ | ||
+ | |kaśīśa | ||
+ | |/kaʃi:ʃa/ | ||
+ | |Syrian orthodox Priest | ||
+ | |ܩܫܝܫܐ | ||
+ | |qaššīšā | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |കുര്ബാന | ||
+ | |kurbāna | ||
+ | |/kurba:na/ | ||
+ | |Sacrifice (Holy Mass) | ||
+ | |ܩܘܪܒܢܐ | ||
+ | |qurbānā | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |കൂദാശ | ||
+ | |kūdāśa | ||
+ | |/ku:d̪a:ʃa/ | ||
+ | |Sacrament | ||
+ | |ܩܘܕܫܐ | ||
+ | |quddāšā | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |ദുക്രാന | ||
+ | |dukṟāna | ||
+ | |/d̪ukra:na/ | ||
+ | |Remembrance | ||
+ | |ܕܘܟܪܢܐ | ||
+ | |duḵrānā | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |നസ്രാണി | ||
+ | |nasrāṇi | ||
+ | |/nasra:ɳi/ | ||
+ | |Christians (Saint Thomas) | ||
+ | |ܢܨܪܐܢܝ | ||
+ | |naṣrāni | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |പരീശന് | ||
+ | |parīśan | ||
+ | |/paɾi:ʃan/ | ||
+ | |Pharisee | ||
+ | |ܦܪܝܫܐ | ||
+ | |prīšā | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |പറുദീസ | ||
+ | |paṟudīsa | ||
+ | |/parud̪i:sa/ | ||
+ | |paradise | ||
+ | |ܦܪܕܝܣܐ | ||
+ | |pardaysā | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |പിഞ്ഞാണം | ||
+ | |piññāṇaṁ | ||
+ | |/piɲːäːɳɐm/ | ||
+ | |plate | ||
+ | |ܦܝܢܟܐ | ||
+ | |pinkā | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |പെസഹ | ||
+ | |pesaha | ||
+ | |/pesaha/ | ||
+ | |Passover | ||
+ | |ܦܣܚܐ | ||
+ | |pesḥā | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |ബാവ | ||
+ | |bāva | ||
+ | |/ba:ʋa/ | ||
+ | |father | ||
+ | |ܒܒܐ | ||
+ | |bābā | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |മദ്ബഹ | ||
+ | |madbaha | ||
+ | |/mad̪baha/ | ||
+ | |Syrian altar | ||
+ | |ܡܕܒܚܐ | ||
+ | |maḏbḥā | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |മഹറോന് | ||
+ | |mahaṟōn | ||
+ | |/maharo:n/ | ||
+ | |interdiction | ||
+ | |ܐܚܪܡ | ||
+ | |aḥram | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |മാമോദീസ | ||
+ | |māmōdīsa | ||
+ | |/ma:mo:d̪i:sa/ | ||
+ | |baptism | ||
+ | |ܡܥܡܘܕܝܬܐ | ||
+ | |ma’mōḏīṯā | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |മാര് | ||
+ | |mār | ||
+ | |/ma:r/ | ||
+ | |Saint, Holy | ||
+ | |ܡܪܝ | ||
+ | |mār(i) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |മാലാഖ | ||
+ | |mālākha | ||
+ | |/ma:la:kʰa/ | ||
+ | |angel | ||
+ | |ܡܠܐܟܐ | ||
+ | |malāḵā | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |മിശിഹ | ||
+ | |miśiha | ||
+ | |/miʃiha/ | ||
+ | |Messiah | ||
+ | |ܡܫܝܚܐ | ||
+ | |mšīḥā | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |ഈശോ | ||
+ | |īśō | ||
+ | |/i:ʃo:/ | ||
+ | |Jesus | ||
+ | |ܝܫܘܥ | ||
+ | |yšō’ | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |റമ്പാന് | ||
+ | |ṟampān | ||
+ | |/ramba:n/ | ||
+ | |archdeacon | ||
+ | |ܪܡܒܐܢ | ||
+ | |rambān | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |റാസ | ||
+ | |ṟāsa | ||
+ | |/ra:sa/ | ||
+ | |A sacrament | ||
+ | |ܪܐܙܐ | ||
+ | |rāzā | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |റൂഹ | ||
+ | |ṟūha | ||
+ | |/ru:ha/ | ||
+ | |Holy Spirit | ||
+ | |ܪܘܚܐ | ||
+ | |rūḥā | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |ശ്ലീഹ | ||
+ | |ślīha | ||
+ | |/ʃli:ha/ | ||
+ | |Apostle | ||
+ | |ܫܠܝܚܐ | ||
+ | |šlīḥā | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |ശെമ്മാശന് | ||
+ | |śemmāśan | ||
+ | |/ʃem:a:ʃan/ | ||
+ | |Syrian orthodox Deacon | ||
+ | |ܡܫܡܫܢܐ | ||
+ | |mšammšānā | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |സാവപ് | ||
+ | |sāvap | ||
+ | |/ʃa:v:ap/ | ||
+ | |soap | ||
+ | |ܨܦܘܢܐ | ||
+ | |ṣappōnā | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |സ്ലീവ, സിലുവ | ||
+ | |slīva | ||
+ | |/sli:ʋa/ | ||
+ | |Cross | ||
+ | |ܨܠܝܒܐ | ||
+ | |ṣlīḇā | ||
+ | |} |
Revision as of 12:09, 30 December 2022
Multilingual pedag
ogy
അത്തര് | attar | /ät̪:ɐr/ | perfume | عطر | ʿaṭar |
അദാലത്ത് | adālattŭ | /äd̪äːlɐt̪ːɨ̆/ | court of justice | عدالة | ʿadāla(t) |
അനാമത്ത് | anāmattŭ | /änäːmɐt̪ːɨ̆/ | deposits given for security | امانة | amāna(t) |
അസല് | asal | /äsɐl/ | original document | أصل | aṣl |
ആലം | ālaṁ | /äːlɐm/ | world | عالم | ʿālm |
ആപത്ത് | āpattŭ | /äːbɐt̪ːɨ̆/ | danger | آفة | āffáthu |
ഇക്ക | ikka | /ik:ä/ | brother | أخ | akh |
ഇത്ത | itta | /it̪:ä/ | sister | أخت | ikht |
ഇഷ്ക്ക് | iṣkkŭ | /iʂkɨ̆/ | love | عشق | ʿishq |
ഉപ്പ | uppa | /up:ä/ | father | أب | ab |
ഉമ്മ | umma | /um:ä/ | mother | أم | um |
ഉലുവ | uluva | /uluʋä/ | Trigonella foenum-graecum | حلبة | hulba(t) |
ഉസ്താദ് | ustādŭ | /ust̪ä:d̪ɨ̆/ | Islamic teacher, scholar, imam | أستاذ | ustādh |
ഒപ്പന | oppana | /op:ɐnä/ | Oppana | عبنا | ʿabna |
ഇഞ്ജീൽ | iñjīl | /iɲ:d͡ʒiːl/ | Gospel (Bible) | الإنجيل | al-ʾinjīl |
ഒസ്യത്ത് | osyattŭ | /osjɐt̪:ɨ̆/ | the last will, testament | وصية | waṣya(t) |
ആഫിയത്ത് | āphiyattŭ | /äːpʰijɐt̪ːɨ̆/ | Opium | افیون | afyūn |
കത്ത് | kattŭ | /kät̪:ɨ̆/ | letter | خط | khaṭ |
കാലി | kāli | /kä:li/ | empty | خالی | khali |
കബര് | kabar | /käbɐr/ | grave | قبر | qabr |
കബൂല് | kabūl | /käbu:l/ | accept, clarify | قبول | qabūl |
കരാര് | karār | /kɐɾä:r/ | agreement, contract | قرار | qarār |
കലാശം | kalāśaṁ | /kɐlä:ʃɐm/ | conclusion | خلاص | khalāṣ |
കശാപ്പ് | kaśāppŭ | /käʃäːpːɨ̆/ | butchery | قصاب | qaṣāb |
കായിതം | kāyitaṁ | /käːjid̪ɐm/ | note | قاعدة | qāʿeda(t) |
കവാത്ത് | kavātt | /käʋäːt̪ːɨ̆/ | drill | قَادَ | qāda |
കിസ്മത്ത് | kismattŭ | /kismät̪ːɨ̆/ | fate, luck, share | قسمة | qisma(t) |
കീമാ | kīmā | /kiːmäː/ | chemistry, chemical | كيمياء | kīmyāʾ |
കീശ | kīśa | /kiːʃä/ | كيس | kīs | |
കൈപ്പീത്ത് | kaippīttŭ | /käipːiːt̪ːɨ̆/ | chronicle | كيفية | kyfia(t) |
ഖജനാവ് | khajanāvŭ | /kʰäd͡ʒɐnäːʋɨ̆/ | treasury | خزينة | khazīna(t) |
ഖൽബ് | khalbŭ | /kʰälbɨ̆/ | heart | قلب | qalb |
കിതാബ് | kitābŭ | /kid̪äːbɨ̆/ | book | كِتَاب | kitāb |
കുബൂസ് | kubūsŭ | /kubu:sɨ̆/ | Flat Bread | خُبْز | ḵubz |
ചെകുത്താൻ | cekuttān | /t͡ʃekut̪ːäːn/ | devil | الشيطان | Al shythan |
ചേക്ക് | cēkkŭ | /t͡ʃeːkːɨ̆/ | gambling | قِمَار | qimār |
ജപ്തി | japti | /d͡ʒɐpt̪i/ | foreclosure | ضبطي | ḍabt̪i |
ജാമ്യം | jāmyaṃ | /d͡ʒäːmjɐm/ | bail | الكفالة | ḍāmyäm |
ജില്ല | jilla | /d͡ʒil:ä/ | district | ضلع | ḍilʿa |
തകരാര് | takarār | /t̪ägɐɾä:r/ | repeat | تكرار | takrār |
താക്കീത് | tākītŭ | /t̪äːkːiːd̪ɨ̆/ | warning | تاقيد | tāqīd |
തർജ്ജമ | tarjjama | /t̪ärd͡ʒːɐmä/ | translation | ترجمة | tarjama(t) |
തലാക്ക് | talākkŭ | /t̪ɐläːkːɨ̆/ | divorce | طلاق | ṭalāq |
തവണ | tavaṇa | /t̪äʋɐɳä/ | times, turns, installment | دفعة | dafʿa(t) |
താലൂക്ക് | tālukkŭ | /t̪äːluːkːɨ̆/ | Tehsil (administrative division) | تعلق | tʿālq |
ദല്ലാള് | dallāḷ | /d̪ɐlːäɭ/ | mediator, broker | دلال | dalāl |
ദുനിയാവ് | duniyāvŭ | /d̪unijäːʋɨ̆/ | world | دنيا | duniā |
നക്കല് | nakkal | /n̪äkːɐl/ | copy | نقل | naql |
നിക്കാഹ് | nikkāhŭ | /nikːäːhɨ̆/ | wedding (Muslim) | نكاح | nikāḥ |
ഫക്കീര് | fakkīr | /fäkːiːr/ | fakir | فقير | faqīr |
പത്തിരി | pattiri | /pät̪ːiɾi/ | Pathiri | فطيرة | faṭīra(t) |
ഫർക്കം | farkkam | /fäɾkːɐm/ | a part of a district | فرقة | farqa(t) |
ബദല് | badal | /bäd̪ɐl/ | substitute | بدل | badl |
ബാക്കി | bākki | /bäːkːi/ | left, remaining | باقی | bāqi |
ബിലാത്തി | bilātti | /biläːt̪ːi/ | England | ولايتى | wilāyti |
ഗരീബ് | garībŭ | /ɡäɾiːbɨ̆/ | strange person | غريب | ḡarīb |
മഹസ്സര് | mahassar | /mähɐsːɐr/ | report, inquest | محضر | muḥḍar |
മയ്യത്ത് | mayyattŭ | /mäjːet̪ːɨ̆/ | death | ميت | maytūna |
മാപ്പ് | māppŭ | /mäːpːɨ̆/ | sorry, apology | معاف | mʿāf |
മാലൂമി | mālūmi | /mäːluːmi/ | teacher, leader | معلم | muʿalam |
മീറ | mīṟa | /miːrä/ | myrrh | مر | mir |
മുക്തിയാര് | muktiyār | /mukt̪ijäːr/ | attorney, authorized representative | مختار | mukhtār |
മുൻഷി | muṉṣi | /munʂi/ | writer, interpreter | منشی | munshi |
മുൻസിഫ് | muṉsifŭ | /munsifɨ̆/ | advocate | منصف | munaṣif |
മുസാവരി | musāvari | /musäʋɐɾi/ | rest house, inn | مسافر | musāfir |
മുസീവത്ത് | musīvattŭ | /musiːʋɐt̪ːɨ̆/ | trouble, problem | مصيبة | muṣība(t) |
മുഹബ്ബത്ത് | muhabbattŭ | /muhäbːɐt̪ːɨ̆/ | love | محبة | muhaba(t) |
മൈതാനം | maitānaṃ | /mäjd̪äːnɐm/ | ground, arena | ميدان | mīdān |
രൊക്കം | rokkaṃ | /ɾokːɐm/ | ready cash | رقم | raqm |
റദ്ദ് | ṟaddŭ | /räd̪ːɨ̆/ | cancel, deactivate | رد | rad |
റഹ്മാൻ | ṟahmāṉ | /rähmäːn/ | compassion | رحمة | raḥma |
വക്കാലത്ത് | vakkālattŭ | /ʋäkːäːlɐt̪ːɨ̆/ | power of attorney | وكالة | wkāla(t) |
വക്കീല് | vakkīl | /ʋäkːiːl/ | advocate | وکیل | wakīl |
വത്തയ്ക്ക | vattaykka | /ʋät̪ːɐjkːä/ | Citrullus lanatus fruit | بطيخ | baṭīkh |
വർക്കത്ത് | varkkattŭ | /ʋärkːɐt̪ɨ̆/ | prosperity, fortune | بركة | barka(t) |
വാപ്പ | vāppa | /ʋäːpːä/ | father | بابا | bābā |
വയ്യ | vayya | /ʋäjːä/ | weary | إعياء | āyyāvu |
ഷമാം | ṣamāṁ | /ʂɐmäːm/ | Cucumis melo | شمام | shamām |
സന്നത് | sannatŭ | /sänːɐd̪ɨ̆/ | licence | سند | sand |
സർബത്ത് | sarbattŭ | /särbɐt̪ɨ̆/ | sherbet | شربات | sharabāt |
സുറിയാനി | suṟiyāni | /surijäːni/ | Syrian | سورياني | sūryāni |
സുൽത്താൻ | sulttāṉ | /sult̪ːäːn/ | Ruler | سلطان | sultan |
ഹക്കിം | hakkiṃ | /häkːim/ | physician | حكيم | ḥakīm |
ഹജൂര് | hajūr | /häd͡ʒuːr/ | presence | حضور | ḥuḍūr |
ഹർജി | haṟji | /härd͡ʒi/ | petition | عريضة | ʿarīḍa(t) |
അങ്ങ് | aṅṅŭ | /äŋːɨ̆/ | You (formal) | أنت | ant(t) |
അലുവ | aluva | /äluʋä/ | sweet | حلوى | halwā |
ജസരി | jasari | /d͡ʒɐsɐɾi/ | islander | جزري | jazur |
Hebrew[edit]
The Hebrew language contributes a large number of words into a dialect form of Judeo-Malayalam that is spoken by the Cochin Jewish community of Kerala.
Malayalam Transliteration | Meaning | Original Form | Pronunciation |
---|---|---|---|
അളം | world | עולם | oˈlam |
അലിയ | ascension | עלייה | aliyá |
അലുവ/ഹലുവ | sweet | חלבה | halvah |
ബാ | come | בא | ba |
ബേത് ക്നേസേത് | synagogue | בית כנסת | beit-k'néset |
ഇവിരീത് | Hebrew language | עברית | ivrít |
കബറ് | grave, tomb | קבר | kéver |
മിശ്രേം, മിശ്രീം | Egypt, Egyptian | מצרים, מצרי | mitsráyim, mitsrí |
മെത്ത | bed | מיטה | metah |
നവി | prophet | נביא | naví |
റബ്ബാൻ, രമ്പാൻ | rabbi, teacher, monk | רבי | rabbi |
സായിത്ത് | olive | זית | záyit |
സഫറാദ്, സഫറാദി | Spain, Spaniard | ספרד, ספרדי | sfarad, sfaradi |
ശാലോം | hello, peace | שלום | shalóm |
ശാലോം ആയി | death | שלום עליי | shalóm ali |
ശീർ | song, music | שיר | shir |
ശോഷന്നാ | lily | שושן | shoshán |
തപ്പുവാഖ് | apple | תפוח | tapúakh |
തോറ | Torah | תורה | torá |
യവൻ, യാവന | Greece, Greek (Likely to be derived from "Ionian", the Greeks who lived in Asia Minor) | יוון, יווני | yaván, yevani |
യഹോവ | Lord | יהוה | YHVH |
യിസ്രായേൽ, യിസ്രായേലി | Israel, Israeli | ישראל, הישראלי | yisra'él, yisra'éli |
യൂദാ, യെഹൂദൻ | Jew, Jewish | יהודי | y'hudi |
Persian[edit]
There are a few words of Persian origin in Malayalam, though it is possible many of them could have been indirectly loaned from Urdu.
Malayalam | Malayalam Romanization | IPA Pronunciation | Meaning | Persian word | Transliteration |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
അബ്കാരി | abkāri | /äbkäːɾi/ | dealing of alcohol | آبکاری | âbkârī |
ചൊറുക്ക | coṟukka | /t͡ʃorukːä/ | pickle | سرکه | serkâ |
ബദാം | badāṃ | /bɐd̪äːm/ | Almond | بادام | bâdâm |
ഹവിൽദാർ | havildār | /häʋild̪äːr/ | Havildar | حولدار | ḥavildâr |
ഉഷാര് | uṣār | /uʂäːr/ | alert, enthusiasm | هوشیار | hūšyâr |
ഉറുമാല് | uṟumāl | /urumäːl/ | handkerchief | رومال | rūmâl |
കമാനം | kamānaṁ | /kämäːnɐm/ | arc | کمان | kamân |
കശകശ | kaśakaśa | /käʃägɐʃä/ | poppy seed | خشخاش | xašxâš |
കാക്കി | kākki | /käːkːi/ | Khaki | خاکی | xâkī |
കാനേഷുമാരി | kānēṣumāri | /käːneːʂumäːɾi/ | census | خانه شماری | xânah šumârī |
കിലേദാര് | kilēdār | /kileːd̪äːr/ | fort keeper | قلعه دار | q̈ilʿah dâr |
കുശാല് | kuśāl | /kuʃä:l/ | happy | خوشحال | xūšḥâl |
ഗുസ്തി | gusti | /gust̪i/ | wrestling | کشتی | kuštī |
ഗോതമ്പ് | gōtampŭ | /ɡoːd̪ɐmpɨ̆/ | wheat | گندم | gandom |
ഇനാം | ināṃ | /inäːm/ | Reward | انعام | inʿām |
ചപ്രാസി | caprāsi | /t͡ʃäpɾäːsi/ | peon | چپراسی | čaprâsī |
ചാക്കിരി | cākkiri | /t͡ʃäːkːiɾi/ | servant | چاکری | čâkrī |
തയ്യാർ | tayyār | /t̪äjːäːr/ | ready | تیار | tayyar |
ജമാവന്തി | jamāvanti | /d͡ʒɐmäːʋɐnt̪i/ | land record | جمع بندی | jamaʿ bandī |
ജമീന്ദാര് | jamīndār | /d͡ʒɐmiːn̪d̪äːr/ | landlord | زمین دار | zamīndâr |
ജവാന | javāna | /d͡ʒɐʋäːnɐ/ | youth | جوان | javân |
ജീനി | jīni | /d͡ʒi:ni/ | saddle | زین | zīn |
ജോര് | jōr | /d͡ʒo:r/ | magnificent, powerful | زور | zūr |
തമാശ | tamāśa | /t̪ämäːʃɐ/ | joke | تماشا | tamâšâ |
തമ്പാക്ക് | tampākkŭ | /t̪ämpäːkːɨ̆/ | tobacco | تنباکو | tanbâkū |
ദർബാര് | daṟbār | /d̪ärbäːr/ | king’s court | دربار | darbâr |
ദസ്താവേജ് | dastāvējŭ | /d̪äst̪äʋeːd͡ʒɨ̆/ | documentation | دستاویز | dastâviz |
പയല്വാൻ | payalvāṉ | /päjelʋäːn/ | wrestler | پهلوان | pahlvân |
പർദ്ദ | paṟdda | /pärd̪ːä/ | burka | پرده | pardah |
പറങ്കി | paṟaṅki | /pärɐŋki/ | Portuguese | فرنگی | firangī |
പാപ്പാസ് | pāppāsŭ | /pä:p:ä:sɨ̆/ | slipper | پاپوش | pâpūš |
ബസാര് | basār | /bɐsäːr/ | market | بازار | bazaar |
ബന്തവസ് | bantavasŭ | /bän̪t̪ɐʋäsɨ̆/ | custody | بند و بست | band ū bast |
ബന്ദി | bandi | /bän̪d̪i/ | slave, prisoner | بندی | bandī |
ബേജാര് | bējār | /be:d͡ʒä:r/ | sad, worried | بیزار | bīzâr |
മാപ്പ് | māppŭ | /mäːpːɨ̆/ | apology | ماف | māffu |
നിരക്ക് | nirakkŭ | /n̪iɾɐkːɨ̆/ | rate | نرخ | nerx |
മേലാൽ | mēlāl | /me:lä:l/ | ever | مهلعل | malāl |
ലഗാന് | lagān | /lɐgä:n/ | bridle, control | لگام | lagâm |
വാങ്ക് | vāṅkŭ | /ʋä:ŋkɨ̆/ | Azaan, prayer call | بانگ | bang |
ശിപായി | śipāyi | /ʃibä:ji/ | soldier | سرباز | sarbâz |
ശരാശരി | śarāśari | /ʃɐɾäːʃɐɾi/ | average | سراسری | sarâsrī |
സാമാനം | sāmānaṁ | /säːmäːnɐm/ | stuff | سامان | sâmân |
സവാരി | savāri | /si.waːr/ | ride | سوار | sovâr |
സിന്ദാബാദ് | sindābād | /sin̪d̪aːbaːd̪/ | long live | زنده باد | zende bâd |
ശുപാർശ | śupārśa | /ʃuba:rʃa/ | recommendation | سفارش | sifâr |
സബാഷ് | sabash | /ʃɑː.bɑːʃᵊ/ | well done | شاباش | šâbâš |
Aramaic or East Syriac[edit]
Suriyani Malayalam (or Karshoni), which used the East Syriac script to write Malayalam, was a popular medium of written communication among Saint Thomas Christians (Suriyani Christiani) in Kerala until the 19th century.
Malayalam | Malayalam Romanization | IPA Pronunciation | Meaning | Original form | Transliteration |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
അറം | aram | /aram/ | Earth | ܐܪܥܐ | ar'ā |
കത്തനാര് | kattanār | /kat̪:ana:r/ | Priest | ܟܗܢܐ | kahnā |
കബ്റ | kabṟa | /kabra/ | Grave | ܩܒܪܐ | qaḇrā |
കശീശ | kaśīśa | /kaʃi:ʃa/ | Syrian orthodox Priest | ܩܫܝܫܐ | qaššīšā |
കുര്ബാന | kurbāna | /kurba:na/ | Sacrifice (Holy Mass) | ܩܘܪܒܢܐ | qurbānā |
കൂദാശ | kūdāśa | /ku:d̪a:ʃa/ | Sacrament | ܩܘܕܫܐ | quddāšā |
ദുക്രാന | dukṟāna | /d̪ukra:na/ | Remembrance | ܕܘܟܪܢܐ | duḵrānā |
നസ്രാണി | nasrāṇi | /nasra:ɳi/ | Christians (Saint Thomas) | ܢܨܪܐܢܝ | naṣrāni |
പരീശന് | parīśan | /paɾi:ʃan/ | Pharisee | ܦܪܝܫܐ | prīšā |
പറുദീസ | paṟudīsa | /parud̪i:sa/ | paradise | ܦܪܕܝܣܐ | pardaysā |
പിഞ്ഞാണം | piññāṇaṁ | /piɲːäːɳɐm/ | plate | ܦܝܢܟܐ | pinkā |
പെസഹ | pesaha | /pesaha/ | Passover | ܦܣܚܐ | pesḥā |
ബാവ | bāva | /ba:ʋa/ | father | ܒܒܐ | bābā |
മദ്ബഹ | madbaha | /mad̪baha/ | Syrian altar | ܡܕܒܚܐ | maḏbḥā |
മഹറോന് | mahaṟōn | /maharo:n/ | interdiction | ܐܚܪܡ | aḥram |
മാമോദീസ | māmōdīsa | /ma:mo:d̪i:sa/ | baptism | ܡܥܡܘܕܝܬܐ | ma’mōḏīṯā |
മാര് | mār | /ma:r/ | Saint, Holy | ܡܪܝ | mār(i) |
മാലാഖ | mālākha | /ma:la:kʰa/ | angel | ܡܠܐܟܐ | malāḵā |
മിശിഹ | miśiha | /miʃiha/ | Messiah | ܡܫܝܚܐ | mšīḥā |
ഈശോ | īśō | /i:ʃo:/ | Jesus | ܝܫܘܥ | yšō’ |
റമ്പാന് | ṟampān | /ramba:n/ | archdeacon | ܪܡܒܐܢ | rambān |
റാസ | ṟāsa | /ra:sa/ | A sacrament | ܪܐܙܐ | rāzā |
റൂഹ | ṟūha | /ru:ha/ | Holy Spirit | ܪܘܚܐ | rūḥā |
ശ്ലീഹ | ślīha | /ʃli:ha/ | Apostle | ܫܠܝܚܐ | šlīḥā |
ശെമ്മാശന് | śemmāśan | /ʃem:a:ʃan/ | Syrian orthodox Deacon | ܡܫܡܫܢܐ | mšammšānā |
സാവപ് | sāvap | /ʃa:v:ap/ | soap | ܨܦܘܢܐ | ṣappōnā |
സ്ലീവ, സിലുവ | slīva | /sli:ʋa/ | Cross | ܨܠܝܒܐ | ṣlīḇā |