Organisation of cells plant tissues

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Concept #1 Plant tissues-Meristematic tissue

Learning objectives

1. In Angiosperms, there are different tissues to perform different functions such as growth,absorption, photosynthesis, protection and conduction of water and minerals.
2. Plant tissues are mainly classified into two major groups based on their function as Meristematic and Permanent tissue.
3. Meristematic tissue help in the growth of the plant.
4. Permanent tissues perform various functions such as absorption, photosynthesis, protection and conduction of water and minerals.

Notes for teachers

The growth of plants occurs only in certain specific regions. This is because the dividing tissue, also known as meristematic tissue, is located only at these points. Depending on the region where they are present,meristematic tissues are classified as apical,lateral and intercalary. New cells produced by meristem are initially like those of meristem itself, but as they grow and mature, their characteristics slowly change and they become diferentiated as components of other tissues. Apical meristem is present at the growingtips of stems and roots and increases thelength of the stem and the root. The girth ofthe stem or root increases due to lateral meristem (cambium). Intercalary meristem is the meristem at the base of the leaves or internodes (on either side of the node) or twigs.
Cells of the meristematic tissues show the following features:

• The cells have thin walls.
• The cells divide actively and cause growth.
• The cells are closely arranged without any intercellular spaces between them.
• The cells have large nucleus and lack chloroplasts.
• Vacuoles are either small or absent.

Activities

1. Activity No #1 Plant_tissues_Meristematic_tissue_activity1
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Concept #2-Permanent tissues-Simple permanent tissues

Learning objectives

Cells formed by meristematic tissue take up a specific role and lose the ability to divide. As a result,they form a permanent tissue. This processof taking up a permanent shape, size, and afunction is called differentiation. Cells of meristematic tissue differentiate to form different types of permanent tissue.
Parenchyma, in plants, tissue typically composed of living cells that are thin-walled, unspecialized in structure, and therefore adaptable, with differentiation, to various functions. Parenchyma may be compact or have extensive spaces between the cells. It is often called ground, or fundamental, tissue and makes up the mesophyll (internal layers) of leaves and the cortex (outer layers) and pith (innermost layers) of stems and roots; it also forms the soft tissues of fruits. Cells of this type are also contained in xylem (wood) and phloem (bast, or food-conducting, cells) as transfer cells (see phloem) and, with both xylem and phloem as bundle sheaths, the cells that surround the vascular strands.

Activities

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Concept #3

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Concept #4

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