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DSERT Text Book for Computer Literacy (CL) and Computer Aided Learning (CAL) (view source)
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[http://karnatakaeducation.org.in/KOER/index.php/DSERT_ಪಠ್ಯಪುಸ್ತಕ ಕನ್ನಡದಲ್ಲಿ ನೋಡಿ]
''Resource Book to learn Computer Literacy and Computer Aided Learning'''
=Introduction=
This resource book has two parts - computer literacy skills and computer aided learning. The section on computer literacy introduces the learners to various aspects of the computer, the use of internet and different methods of creating documents in the form of in text documents and mind maps. The section on computer aided learning will discuss how computers can be used to integrate the learning of different subjects, namely, Mathematics, Science and Social Science by using relevant ICT tools and educational software.
This exercise has two broad objectives of integrating the computer lab into the school education process and enabling the use of computer as a curricular resource. We have attempted to put together this resource book based on the recommendations of the National Curriculum Framework (2005).
The objective of the high school textbooks is to enable teachers and students to acquire a positive mindset about the use of computers for their learning and daily life and also develop a working knowledge of computers and the ways of using them to represent information. It is my hope that every teacher will be able to start using the computer lab in the schools effectively for their own growth and for the classroom teaching – learning processes. Please do share your experiences in using this book. Your feedback is welcome.
The innovation in this book is the integration of ICT into the regular subject teaching-learning. The second section of the book explores some lessons from the mathematics, science and social science subjects that can be taught using the computer, thus integrating the computer as a pedagogical tool. This will help the subject teachers in the school integrate ICTs into their teaching-learning processes as well as use it for their own professional development.
integration of ICT into the regular subject teacing-learning. The
second section of the book explores some lessons from the
mathematics, science and social science subjects that can be taught
using the computer, thus integrating the computer as a pedagogical
tool. This will help the subject teachers in the school integrate
ICTs into their teaching-learning processes as well as use it for
their own professional development.
=How to use this book=
Welcome to this resource book on Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) !
to use this book'''
Welcome to this resource book on Information and Communication
Technologies (ICTs) !
ICTs are changing the way we do things, how we communicate and how we
ICTs are changing the way we do things, how we communicate and how we
learn. There are many areas of our society and work where we use
learn. There are many areas of our society and work where we use
ICTs in extensive ways. In your school, you now have a new computer
ICTs in extensive ways. This resource book is meant to introduce you to the ways
and methods of working with ICTs, including how to use them for
and methods of working with ICTs, including how to use them for
exploring various subjects. This book is for the student to work
exploring various subjects. This book is for the student to work
require you to work with different teachers.
require you to work with different teachers.
There are two sections in this book, '''Section 1: Computer Literacy'''
There are two sections in this book, '''Section 1: Computer Literacy'''
and '''Section 2: Computer Aided Learning'''.
and '''Section 2: Computer Aided Learning'''.
'''Computer Literacy '''is
'''Computer Literacy '''is
=How is each chapter organised=
Each chapter has the following sections
Each chapter has the following sections
# '''Chapter objectives:''' which will tell you what you should know after working through the chapter.
# '''Chapter objectives:''' which will tell you what you should know after working through the chapter.
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For many of the sections in this
= 1.Introduction to Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) – The Computer =
== Chapter objective ==
In
this chapter, you will learn about
Uses of
# ICTs and Computers, in particular
# History of Computers
# Uses of Computers
# Classification of Computers
# Hardware : Parts of a computer and system unit
== Introduction to ICTs and computers ==
You
must have heard of radio programmes like Keli kali in your school.
You can see that radio, televisions, telephones, mobile phones are
being used by everyone in their daily lives. Television
and radio are used for giving (broadcasting) '''information'''
while telephones including mobile phones are used to
talk to ('''communicate'''
with) your friends and family even if they are far away. Now
you can carry a phone in your pocket. All these are Information and
Communication Technologies (ICTs) tools.
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_5c1fb147.gif]][[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m1eb9349b.jpg|50px]][[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m2672be64.gif]]
In
this chapter you will learn about computers, a new ICT tool. A
computer is a device which takes input, processes it and gives
output which can be stored and shared. When you enter
data into your computer, it is called as input. An input can be data
like text or picture or an instruction(what
to do with the data). This data is
processed (process means to perform a series of operations on a set
of data) and you will get the output. Data or information that the
computer generates is called the output.
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_1f9b3b92.png]]Suppose
you want to add two numbers, 2 and 5. Any
input has two parts, data and the instruction
“2 + 5” is the input. The numbers 2 and 5 are
called the 'data' and
the '+' is called the instruction. A CPU (or a software to add the
numbers) will do the addition, it is called the process. The answer
“7” is the output or the result from the input and the process.
A
computer lets you to do many tasks like writing a letter, watching a
educational film, playing games, listening to music and more. You can
also look for information on the Internet.
== History of computers ==
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m21bc9239.png]]
''World's
first computer''
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_797aeff2.png]]
''Punch
card''
Did you
know, the first computer was as big as your classroom! 60 years ago,
computers were very big, costly and used lot of electricity. The
processors of the first computers were made using something called
'vacuum tubes' -which used
tubes in which electrons were moving. Punch cards were a input
method. After the vacuum tubes, came the transistors which could turn
electricity in a circuit “on” or “off”. This turning “on”
and “off” could be used to instruct computers to do calculations.
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_248b96c3.png]]
''Integrated
Circuit (IC)''
During the
early 1970s, with the invention of Integrated circuits computers
became faster,cheaper and smaller.
Many
transistors were connected together to form one IC. These
computers had keyboard and monitor as input-output devices.(You will
learn about input and output devices in the next chapter).
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m67180220.png]]
''Microprocessor''
Over the
last decade, the computers became so small that it could fit in a
hand. This was possible because of many integrated circuits on one
small square called a microprocessor or a chip which became the main
part of the computer. Mouse, an input device was developed. These
small and powerful computers were connected together to share
information between computers and this period saw the birth and
growth of Internet (you will study in detail about Internet in one of
the chapters).
Now-a-days, we see smart phones
and tablets (which are small touch screen computers).
== Uses of computers ==
Can
you think of all the places where you have seen computers?
Computers
are used in many places like banks, schools, railway station,
libraries, shopping complexes, and in various fields like education,
communications, business, research, development and many more.
== Types of computers ==
Based
on the processing power , storage capacity and cost, computers are
classified as,
# [[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m36a503f5.png]]
''Super Computers'' '''Supercomputers - T''''''he most powerful computers.'''''' They are used for highly complex problems like launching a rocket in the space or weather prediction. Supercomputers are used by universities and government agencies. '''
# [[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m7134f31.png]]
''Mainframe Computers'' '''Mainframe Computers - Usually slower, less powerful and cost less than supercomputers. They are used in large organizations, like banks and businesses.'''
# [[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_366ca35c.png]]
''Personal Computers'' '''Microcomputers, or Personal Computers - The small and low cost computers. Microcomputers are more commonly known as personal computers (PC). Personal Computers are further classified as (a) Stationary (b) Mobile '''
## '''Stationary personal computers are DesktopComputers '''
## '''Mobile Personal Computers are '''
### ''L[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m209f7f73.png]]
aptop Computer'' '''Laptop'''''' - ''''''A laptop computer popularly called laptop, or notebook computer, is a small personal computer designed for carrying where ever we go.'''
### Netbook – A Netbook is a small, light and low cost laptop computer.
### [[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m13a157ca.png]]
''Tablet PC'' Tablet PC - A tablet PC is a notebook or slate-shaped mobile computer. It takes input from the monitor itself, without a separate keyboard. You can input data into the computer using a stylus (digital pen), or your finger. The monitor is called touch screen. Where else have you seen touch screen monitors ?
##
#
== The Hardware : The parts of a computer ==
Have
you seen a computer and its parts? Do you know what they are? Do you
know what they do? If you already know – great! If you do not know,
we will learn about computer parts in this chapter.
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_42daba32.png]]A
computer has many parts working together. The parts, which you can
see and touch, are called hardware. Computer hardware is divided into
four parts; system unit, input devices, output devices and storage
media.
The
picture shows the common hardware in a computer. A laptop computer
has similar parts but all as one single item.
== The System unit ==
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_14d87000.png]]Have
you seen something shaped like a big box? Usually
it is kept on or below the computer table. It will have a power
switch and a place called CD Drive to insert Compact Discs(CDs). It
is the system
unit – the heart of a computer system. Inside this box are many
electronic parts which do the actual work. The most important of
these parts is the central processing unit (CPU), or microprocessor,
which acts as the "brain" of the computer. Another part is
random access memory (RAM), which temporarily stores information that
the CPU uses while the computer is on. Ask
your teacher to let you look at the back of the computer (never do
this without permission, because there is a lot of dangerous
electricity back there!). You will see lots of cables coming out of
the back of the box and going to other computer parts. On the back or
sometimes front of the case you will also see rectangular slots.
These are called USB(Universal Serial Bus) ports. These are used to
connect storage devices such as flash drives to your computer. You
can also use a USB port to connect the computer to devices like a
digital camera and mobile phones.
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m35004ab2.png]]In
your school set up, you will see something smaller than the regular
system unit. They are called thin clients. These units depends on the
main computer in your lab, which is called a server. These thin
clients are connected to the server through cables. All the
information is stored on the server and many people can access them
using thin clients, at the same time.
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m419b5a5b.jpg|50px]]
== Chapter summary ==
# Television, radio, telephone, mobile phones, computers and Internet are ICT tools.
# A computer is a device which takes input, processes it and gives output which can be stored and shared.
# A computer lets you to do most of your daily jobs like writing a letter, solving problems, watching a film, playing games, listening to music and looking for things on Internet.
# Latest computers are touch screen (using finger tips or stylus) computers. They are also called tablet PCs and smart phones.
# Hardware is the physical part of a computer that you can see and touch.
== Lab exercises ==
'''Identify
and list all the parts of a computer in your lab. '''
== Exercises ==
'''Choose
the correct answer'''
# The output can be
#
# Latest computers use
## Microprocessors 2. Transistors 3. Vacuum tubes
#
# A personal computer is also a
## Supercomputer 2. Microcomputer 3. Mainframe computer
#
# What component of computer is considered the brain of a computer?
## Output 2. CPU 3. Input 4. Memory
#
'''Say
True or False'''
# ICT stand for Important Communication Technology.
# The first computer was made of Vacuum tubes.
# A netbook is a personal computer.
# Laptops are mainframes.
# Computers can be used to learn and solve mathematics.
# Hardware is the physical part of a computer that you can see and touch
'''Activity'''
Some of the uses of computers in
education is given below. Think of more uses and complete the table.
{| border="1"
|-
|
Uses for students
|
Uses for teachers
|
Uses for school management
|-
|
Research on any information
|
As a teaching aid in the form of
presentations
|
Record keeping
|-
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Create presentations of the projects
they have to work on
|
Create worksheets
|
Timetable
|}
== Additional resources ==
# Learn more about the history of computers '''[[http://www.computersciencelab.com/ComputerHistory/History.htm]]''' '''[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_computing_hardware]]'''
# '''Learn more about computer classification''' '''[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classes_of_computers]]'''
= 2.Software =
== Chapter objectives ==
In
this chapter you will learn about,
# Different types of software
# Operating System and its features
# Graphical User Interface
# Windows 7 and Ubuntu GNU/Linux Operating system
# The Desktop
# Files and Folders
= 1.Introduction to Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) – The Computer =
== Computer Software ==
By
now, you have understood that a computer can be used to do a lot of
things. So, what do you do when you want to paint, write an essay, or
listen to music on a computer? Can you do all these things when you
just have the computer hardware? No, you cannot. To make the computer
do what you want there must be a '''computer programme. '''A
computer programme also termed as software, is a set of instructions
that tells a computer what to do. This is separate from the hardware
and it is the most important aspect of the computer which allows it
to do many different tasks.
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m17dc4b9f.gif]][[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m1eb9349b.jpg|50px]]
Software
needs hardware to work on and a hardware is useless without
software. So computer must have both hardware and software.
== Types of software ==
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m2f3437be.png]]A
computer should know what to do when you switch on the computer, move
the mouse or press a key on the keyboard. However, a computer can
only understand 0s and 1s, and you cannot talk or understand that
language. To explain our instructions to the computer we need a
special computer programme which is called the '''Operating system.'''
Operating system is also called system software as it works with the
hardware. Every computer must have an operating system to run other
computer programmes . Even your mobile phones will have an operating
system. Operating systems start automatically when you turn on the
computer. This process is called '''booting.''' All the other
computer programmes like programmes to paint, type, listen to music,
learn maths etc., are called '''Application Software''' or 'Apps'
which work with the system software. People who write programmes are
called computer programmers or software developers. On any computer
you will have software to paint, to type letters, to watch movies, to
find something on the Internet, to learn maths.
== What does an Operating System do? ==
# It checks if the hardware is working properly.
# It translates your language into computer language, by reading input from keyboard/mouse and sending the output to the monitor.
# It allows you to access and modify files, use printers and disk drives, and run applications.
to do with the data). This data is
'''How does the Operating
Systems enable you to use the computer?'''
computer generates is called the output.
Operating systems use a program
you want to add two numbers, 2 and 5. Any
called the Graphical user interface (GUI, pronounced as goo-ee), .
It allows you to access other computer programmes (applications) by
using a mouse. '''
The popular operating systems are Windows, GNU/Linux and Mac OSx. In
this chapter, you will learn about Windows 7 operating system and
GNU/Linux operating system called Ubuntu.'''
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m1eb9349b.jpg|50px]]
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m21bc9239.png]]
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_642f2b43.gif]]
''World's
'''Why
are you learning both Windows and Ubuntu GNU/Linux Operating
system?'''
It is useful to learn at least two operating systems to develop a
general understanding of how operating systems work. Microsoft
Windows, made by a company called Microsoft is a popular operating
system . It is a proprietary OS, each user has to individually
purchase a licence to use it. The Ubuntu GNU/Linux OS is free
(mukta) software, which is free to use, share and modify. Ubuntu is
becoming increasingly popular.
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_248b96c3.png]]
Before you learn more about
Operating systems, you should know that one computer can have more
than one operating systems. You can use one at a time. In your
computer, you will see both Windows 7 and U[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m45162d1.png]]buntu
Operating system. You can choose any one at the start up. You will
see a list like this when you turn on the computer.
Choose the first option if you
want to use Ubuntu and the last option which says Windows 7 (loader)
if you want to use Windows 7.
== Windows 7 operating system ==
Once you select Windows 7
operating system, you will see a welcome screen which looks like
this.
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m67180220.png]]
I[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_md6ddf5e.png]]t
displays a list of all users on the computer. You can click your user
name instead of typing it. You will have to enter the password to log
in. Login is a process that allows you to start using the computer
once you type the correct password.
the chapters).
and tablets (which are small touch screen computers).
The desktop is the main screen
area that you see after logging on to Windows. When you open programs
or folders, they appear on the desktop. You can put files and folders
on the desktop, and arrange them however you want.
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m6a3a7dc1.gif]]
'''Why should you
log in?'''
Logging in
prevents unauthorised people from using your computer which keeps
your data secure.
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m1eb9349b.jpg|50px]]
T[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_2097363d.png]]here
is a taskbar at the bottom of your screen. It shows you which
programs are running and allows you to go from one program to
on the processing power , storage capacity and cost, computers are
another. It also contains the Start button
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_2e9987e2.png]],
which you can use to access programs, folders, and computer settings.
Clicking on the start button, opens a start menu. It's called a menu
because it provides a list of choices, just as a restaurant menu
does. And as start implies, it's often the place that you'll go to
start or open things. You can Use the Start menu to do these common
activities:
* Start programs[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m54e6db7d.png]]
* Open commonly used folders
* Search for files, folders, and programs
* Adjust computer settings
* Get help on the Windows operating system
* Turn off the computer or log off from Windows
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m1c8b9ecd.jpg|50px]]
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m763e1644.gif]]
Windows
Help and Support is the built-in help system for Windows.
It's a place to get quick answers to common questions, suggestions
for troubleshooting, and instructions for how to do things. To open
Windows
Help and Support, click the Start
button, and then click Help
and Support.
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_6f8f9fba.png]]
On
the desktop, you will see icons. Icons are small pictures that
represent files, folders, programs, and other items. Double-clicking
a desktop icon starts or opens the item it represents.
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_2de596e4.gif]]
'''The Recycle Bin'''
When
you delete a file or folder, it doesn't actually get deleted right
away—it
goes to the Recycle Bin. That's a good thing, because if you ever
change your mind and decide you need a deleted file, you can get it
back. If you're sure that you won't need the deleted items again,
you can empty the Recycle Bin. Doing that will permanently delete
the items
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m1c8b9ecd.jpg|50px]]
== Turning off your computer properly ==
When you're finished using your
computer, it's important to turn it off properly. It saves energy,
helps keep your computer secure and to ensure that your data is
saved.
T[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m7342ad06.png]]o
turn off your computer using the Start menu, click the Start
button, and then, in the lower-right corner of the Start menu, click
Shut
down.
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m35004ab2.png]]In
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_151ccc4c.png]]
system unit. They are called thin clients. These units depends on the
== Ubuntu operating system ==
If you choose Ubuntu at the
start up, you will see a login screen screen as shown in the picture.
'''Logging in :'''
Select your username, and type your password the desktop will appear.
'''Identify
'''The Desktop '''
On a desktop, you will see icons (if any), windows (if any programme is being used) and menus.
'''Choose
'''Panels '''
Two panels are visible —one at the top of the screen, and one at
the bottom. The one at the top has icons and menus. The panel at the
bottom is where you'll see all the programmes running, and this panel
also has some buttons like a trash icon (right).
'''Say
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_mb10d114.png]]
'''Menus '''
The three menus at the top of
the screen (Applications, Places, System) are known as the main
menus. They stay on-screen all the time.
'''Activity'''
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_24cd2a40.png]]
The '''Applications menu''' at
the top left has a list of all the programmes (apps) on your
computer.
The '''Places menu''', next to
it, lets you access the hard disk, CD/DVD or pen drives. Digital
cameras and MP3 players are also listed here when plugged-in.
The System menu, next to the
Places menu, lets you control your computer’s settings, eg.,
setting time & date, changing mouse buttons if you are a left
handed person etc. It has two sub-menus, as follows:
'''''Preferences''''': This
menu lets you to make your computer look and work as you want or
prefer. For example, you can change your desktop picture to the photo
of your school or your sports team. Select System > Preferences >
Appearances
'''''Administration'''''''':'''
This menu lets you change hardware settings, such as altering the
time/date, and adding/removing software.
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_1fd90b6e.png]]'''Shutting
down the computer'''
What will you do after you have
finished your work? You have to turn off the computer. You must turn
it off by clicking on the last button on the right hand top corner
and select shutdown. .
|
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m78d678c4.gif]]
Never turn off the
power button without shutting the computer properly
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m1c8b9ecd.jpg|50px]]
== Managing files and folders ==
When
you write an essay or paint something on a paper, you would like to
keep it for future, right? You would probably put it in a hard bound
folder. May be, if you have more than one essay or painting, you
would have one folder to hold your essays and one folder to hold your
paintings.
What
would you do when you do the same things on a computer? Can you store
it as you would do with the paper ? Yes,of course. You can store all
that you have done on a computer as a '''file'''. Every programme,
image, video, song, and document is stored as a file. And similar
files can be put in a '''folder. ''' Folders can also store other
folders called sub-folders. Folders are also called "directories"
Do you know where the files and folders are kept in a computer? They
are stored on a disk (remember your hardware chapter where you learnt
about hard disk, pen drives, CDs).
To manage all the files and
folders that you make, we need a '''file manager''' (also called as
file browser). A file manager or file browser is a computer programme
that provides a user interface to work with files. Windows uses a
file manager called the Windows explorer and Ubuntu uses a file
manager/browser called Nautilus. File browser is used to
* [[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_6f72a7.png]]Create folders and documents
* Display your files and folders
* Search and manage your files
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m1c746de.png]]This
file manager lets you organize your files into folders. Folders can
contain files and may also contain other folders. Using folders can
help you find your files more easily. You can also copy or move files
from one folder to another, create new folders, delete unwanted
folders, give new names to the files and folders etc, using the file
browser.
For
any operating system, many things are files, such as documents,
photos, movies, and music.
things. So, what do you do when you want to paint, write an essay, or
and it is the most important aspect of the computer which allows it
== Lab exercises ==
Do
the following exercises first in Windows and then in Ubuntu Operating
system
# Log in to a computer (Take teachers help for username and password)
# Open a programme called 'Calculator'.
# Add any two numbers.
# Close the programme (you'll have to click on the X button on the right hand top corner of the calculator).
# What is the difference between log off and shut-down functions ?
== Chapter summary ==
# A computer programme tells a computer what to do and how to do it. A computer programme is also called software'''.'''
# Operating System and Application software are two types of software.
# Operating system is a special computer programme which is required in all computers to explain our instructions to it.
# Operating Systems make computers user friendly or easy to use by using a programme called graphical user interface (GUI).
# Windows 7 is a GUI based operating system
# On a Windows 7 Desktop, you will see a start menu at the bottom on the taskbar, and some icons on the desktop.
# Ubuntu is a GNU/Linux Operating system.
# On a Ubuntu Desktop, you will see top panel (which has icons and menus), bottom panel (which has a trash bin), and windows, if any programmes are running.
# You have to login to a computer to use it and shut down properly after use.
# Every programme, image, video, song, and document is stored as a file. And similar files can be put in a folder.
# File browser is used to create folders and documents, display your files and folders, search and manage your files.
== Exercises ==
Choose
the correct answer
# A computer programme is also called
## Desktop ii. Software iii. Hardware
#
# The most important programme on any computer is
## Applications ii. File manager iii. Operating System
#
# GUI stands for
## Good user interface ii. Graphical user interface iii. Great user interface
#
# Which of the following is an Operating system?
## GNU/Linux ii. Calculator iii. Text Editor
#
Say
True or False
Operating systems use a program
# Operating system make computers user-friendly.
# To shut down the computer, press the power off switch.
# The programme which can understand what you want to do and tells it to the computer is called the application software.
# A folder is also called a directory.
# File manager in Ubuntu is called Explorer.
== Additional resources ==
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_642f2b43.gif]]
<u>[[http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_system]]</u>
<u>[[http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_program]]</u>
<u>[[http://parenting.kaboose.com/education-and-learning/learning-resources/comp-les7.html]]</u>
<u>[[www.top-]]</u><u>[[windows]]</u><u>[[-]]</u><u>[[tutorials]]</u><u>[[.com/]]</u><u>[[windows]]</u><u>[[-]]</u><u>[[7]]</u><u>[[.html]]</u>
<u>[[http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows7/help/getting-started]]</u>
<u>[[http://www.ubuntu.com]]</u>
= 3.Text editing with text editor =
[http://karnatakaeducation.org.in/KOER/en/images/c/c1/3._Using_a_text_editor.odt Download '''Using a text editor''']
== Chapter objectives ==
At the end of this chapter, you will learn about
* Word processors
* Different types of text editor (also called word processors)
* Using word processor like LibreOffice Writer
* Text editing and formatting
'''Word processors'''
If you want to write a letter to your friend, a story or school work in a computer, what would you do or where would you type them? A software application called the '''word processor''' would do that. A word processor is a software used for creating (including writing, editing, formatting, and possibly printing) documents. This software lets you to create a document, store it on the disk, show it on a screen, make changes to it using the keyboard and print it on a printer.
'''What can the word processors do?'''
* '''Insert text:''' It allows you to insert text anywhere in the document.
* '''Delete text:''' It allows you to erase characters, words, lines, or pages as easily as you can cross them out on paper.
* '''Cut''' and''' paste :''' It allows you to remove (''cut'') a section of text from one place in a document and insert (''paste'') it somewhere else.
* '''Copy''' ''':''' It allows you to duplicate a section of text.
* '''Page size and margins :''' It allows you to define various page sizes and margins, and the word processor will automatically readjust the text so that it fits.
* '''Search and replace''' ''':''' It allows you to search for a particular word or phrase. You can also replace one group of characters with another anywhere that the first group appears.
* '''Word wrap''' ''':''' The word processor automatically moves to the next line when you have filled one line with text, and it will readjust text if you change the margins.
* '''Print:''' It allows you to send a document to a printer to get print out.
* '''Font specifications:''' It allows you to change fonts. (A font is how a character, alphabet or symbol appears on the screen. Different fonts are available for typing different styles). For example, you can make the text in your document bold (dark), italics (slant) and underlining. You can also increase or decrease the size of the text.
* '''Graphics:''' It allows you to insert pictures and graphs into a document.
* '''Layout''' ''':''' It allows you to specify how a page will look including setting margins, page size within a single document.
* '''Headers, footers, and page numbering:''' It allows you to put headers and footers that the word processor will put at the top and bottom of every page. The word processor automatically keeps track of page numbers so that the correct number appears on each page.
* '''Spell checker''' ''':''' It is a program that allows you to check the spelling of words. It will highlight any words that it does not recognise.
'''List of some popular word processors'''
# LibreOffice Writer
# OpenOffice.org writer
# Microsoft Word
# Web-based word processors (Google Docs)
You will learn how to use LibreOffice Writer on Ubuntu. LibreOffice works on Ubuntu GNU/Linux, Mac and Windows operating systems while Microsoft Word works only on Microsoft Windows. LibreOffice is a public software and can be freely shared without licence restrictions or payment of licence fees. Microsoft
Word is proprietary software and can be got by paying licence fees per user.
[[microsoft word]]
== Using LibreOffice to create documents ==
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m68195161.png|600px]] <br>
''LibreOffice''<br>
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_55d56d98.gif]]<br>
You will have to log into Ubuntu operating system to use LibreOffice Writer. <br>
To start LibreOffice, you have to click '''Applications → Office → LibreOffice Writer.''' You will see a window like the one in the picture. There will be a blank page and a cursor where you can start typing. Note that everything that you dp using Microsoft Word can be done using LibreOffice too.<br>
Type a paragraph using LibreOffice. The functions that you may be using in Microsoft office will be discussed in LibreOffice.<br>
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m1794ed9a.png]]<br>
''Saving the file''<br>
Type the paragraph. Save the file by clicking on 'File' menu and selecting 'Save' option as shown in the picture. Type the file name in the dialog
box that shows up as 'My School' and click on the 'Save' button.
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_51b656ce.gif]][[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m420b1293.gif]][[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m419b5a5b.jpg|50px]]
== Making changes to the text ==
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_ma2ed312.gif]] [[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_58749c8f.gif]]
Inserting, deleting and selecting text is done exactly the same way as it is done in Microsoft Word.
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m1613e29b.png]] [[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m12f0f039.gif]] [[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_75cbe56b.gif]] [[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_30986aae.gif]] [[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_44feca9d.gif]]
'''Copying text'''
Select the text you want to copy and click on 'Edit' menu and select 'Copy'. You can also copy text by clicking on copy button or by using the keyboard shortcut CTRL and C.
'''Cutting text'''
Select the text you want to cut and click on 'Edit' menu and select 'Cut'. You can also cut text by clicking on cut button, or by using the the keyboard shortcut CTRL and X.
'''Pasting text'''
Click on 'Edit' and select 'Paste' menu. You can also paste copied or cut text by clicking on the paste button or by using the keyboard shortcut CTRL and V.
== Formatting characters and paragraphs ==
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m2b451a81.png]][[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m580ce8f5.gif]][[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_6aa7ccf7.gif]]
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m4597452e.gif]][[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_5af18342.gif]][[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_8447139.gif]][[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m4fb7f678.gif]][[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_43b923cd.gif]]
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m267839c6.gif]][[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_1d156733.gif]][[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_4e52895b.gif]]
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_46aac4aa.png]]You can change the font style, size. You can make the text bold, slanting or underline the text. To change case (small letters to capital letters etc), click on 'Format' menu and select 'Change Case'. To capitalise the selected text, choose UPPERCASE option.
on the desktop, and arrange them however you want.
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_136b8716.png]] To change the colour of the
text, click on the small arrow next to the icon in the picture.
You can format paragraphs, i.e., align the text left, centre, right and justify using these buttons
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m1e5e331e.png]].
For more character formatting options, click on 'Format' menu and choose 'Character'. There are many tabs like Indents and Spacing, Alignment, Text Flow, Outline & Numbering, Tabs, Drop Caps, Borders, and Background available when you click on Format → Paragraph.
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m2c8d7b6b.png]]To shade a paragraph or give a background colour to it, click on the 'Background' tab and choose a colour. And, to add border to paragraphs, click on the Borders tab. Now try changing the essay using the above options. Align the heading 'My school' to centre. Change the background colour to light blue. Put borders to the paragraph.
== Making simple lists ==
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m68cd55b0.png]]Use these buttons to create lists. The first button is used to make lists with bullets and the second one is used for numbered lists. Make two lists of animals. One list is bulleted and of wild animals. The other one is numbered and of domestic animals.
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m6a3a7dc1.gif]]
== Typing in Kannada ==
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_53e9a84f.png]]IBus is a software application used to type in various languages. Using IBus and LibreOffice, you will learn how to type in Kannada. Open LibreOffice Writer. Click CTRL and the SPACE bar together. On the top panel, you will see something like this. Now you can start typing in Kannada. Use the following key strokes to type.
{| border="1"
|-
|
Keyboard
Sequence
|
Character
|
Keyboard
Sequence
|
Character
|
Keyboard
Sequence
|
Character
|-
|
k
|
ಕ್
|
bh
|
ಭ್
|
u
|
ಉ
|-
|
kh
|
ಖ್
|
m
|
ಮ್
|
uu
|
ಊ
|-
|
g
|
ಗ್
|
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|
ಯ್
|
U
|
ಊ
|-
|
gh
|
ಘ್
|
r
|
ರ್
|
RRi
|
ಋ
|-
|
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|
ಙ್
|
l
|
ಲ್
|
R^i
|
ಋ
|-
|
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ಙ್
|
L
|
ಳ್
|
Ru
|
ಋ
|-
|
ch
|
ಚ್
|
ld
|
ಳ್
|
e
|
ಎ
|-
|
Ch
|
ಛ್
|
v
|
ವ್
|
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|
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|-
|
chh
|
ಛ್
|
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|
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|
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|
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|-
|
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|
ಜ್
|
sh
|
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|
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|
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|-
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|-
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
ಓ
|-
|
JN
|
ಞ್
|
s
|
ಸ್
|
oo
|
ಓ
|-
|
T
|
ಟ್
|
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|
|
ಹ್
|
au
|}
|
ಔ
|-
|
Th
|
ಠ್
|
GY
|
ಜ್ಞ್
|
M
|
ಂ
|-
|
D
|
ಡ್
|
j~n
|
ಜ್ಞ್
|
H
|
ಃ
|-
|
Dh
|
ಢ್
|
dny
|
ಜ್ಞ್
|
0
|
೦
|-
|-
|
|
N
|
ಣ್
|
x
|}
|
ಕ್ಷ್
|
1
|
೧
- Changes all the selected text
|-
|
t
|
ತ್
|
ksh
|
ಕ್ಷ್
|
2
|
೨
|-
|-
|
|
th
|
ಥ್
|
|
|
3
|}
|
೩
|-
|-
|
|
d
|
ದ್
|
a
|
ಅ
|
4
|
೪
|-
|
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|
|}
ಧ್
|
aa
|
ಆ
|
5
|
೫
|-
|
n
|
ನ್
|
A
|
ಆ
|
6
|
೬
|-
|
p
|
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|
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|
ಇ
|
7
|
೭
|-
|
ph
|
ಫ್
|
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|
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|
8
|
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|-
|
b
|
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|
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|
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|
9
|
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|}
=== Lab Exercises ===
Type a paragraph on trees using and LibreOffice Writer
Trees are very important things in our daily lives. They provide us food and oxygen – two most vital things for our survival. Some trees have medicinal value. Some other trees gives us wood. This wood is used in building homes, making furniture and as a source of fuel too. It is very important not to cut trees and to plant more trees.
After formatting, it should look like
'''TREES'''
Trees are very important things
in our daily lives. They provide us ''food ''and ''oxygen'' – two most <u>vital</u> things for our survival. Some trees have medicinal value. Some other trees gives us wood. This wood is used in building homes, making furniture and as a source of fuel too. It is very important not to cut trees and to <u>'''plant more trees.'''</u>
== Summary ==
# A word processor lets you to create a document, store it on the disk, show it on a screen, make changes to it using the keyboard,and print it on a printer.
# A word processor can insert, delete, cut, copy and paste text.
# Some popular word processors are Microsoft Word, LibreOffice writer, OpenOffice Writer, Google Docs.
# Microsoft Word works only on Microsoft Windows operating system and the files created using it has a .docx extension.
# LibreOffice Writer works on many operating systems including Ubuntu GNU/Linux and Microsoft Windows. The files created using it has a .odt extenstion.
# Using LibreOffice Writer, you learnt how to make changes to the text, format characters and paragraphs and create lists with bullets and numbers.
== Exercises ==
# Open LibreOffice Writer (This can be done in Kannada or English)
## Type your names. ii. Change the way your names look.
## Make copies of your names without retyping them.
## Move your names to the middle of the page without retyping them.
# Make a list of states in India using numbers
# Write a letter to your teacher asking for 15 days leave
# Make a list of your friends using bullets in LibreOffice Writer.
== Additional resources ==
Press F1 function key when using LibreOffice for help
= 4.Browsing the Internet =
==Objectives ==
In this chapter, you will learn about
# Computer Network
# [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet Internet]
# Software and Hardware required to connect to the Internet
# World Wide Web and URLs
# Internet Browsers
# Browsing the Internet
==The Internet ==
How do we get electricity in our homes? Electricity flows through a network which is a connection of power lines, cables, towers and reaches our homes.
There are different kinds of networks; rail network, road network,telephone, water supply network and many more. A network is a connection of many components. Also, networks are shared by many people. Even computers can be connected in a network. A computer network is a group of two or more computer systems linked together. Computer networks can be broadly classifed as,
* '''Local Area networks (LANs)''' ''':''' The computers are close together (may be, in the same building).
* '''Wide Area networks (WANs)''' ''':''' The computers are farther apart and are connected by telephone lines or radio waves. [[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m163d865d.png]]
''Hub''
In your school or DIET lab, you must have seen all the computers (clients) connected to one main computer - “the server”. It is a LAN. The cables
from the clients are connected to a device called a 'hub', and the hub is connected to the server. A hub is a common connection point for devices in a network. Do you know what can be shared in a computer network? You can share files, information and even some hardware devices using a computer
network.
What is the use of sharing information over a computer network? You might have booked train or bus tickets when you travel across the state. To book a ticket you need to find out which train or bus goes from your place to wherever you want to go and also if the tickets are available on the dates you want to travel. If your computer is connected to the computer in a railway reservation office which has the information about the trains and ticket availability, you can book tickets from home. Such a connection of computers is called an '''Internet connection.''' Information is communicated and shared between the two computers, through such an Internet connection.
If you want information about some book available in your library, you can connect to the library's computer from home and get the information that you want. There are many such computers in different organisations giving us different types of information. These computers are all connected to one another. This is called the '''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet Internet].''' So, for sharing or getting information from another computer on the Internet, you need a connection to the Internet.
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_53e9a84f.png]]IBus
is a software application used to type in various languages. Using
*'''What do you need to connect to the Internet?'''
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_b6ef5d3.png]]
''Modem''
Before you can connect to the Internet, you must have a computer, a modem (A modem is a hardware device that allows a computer to transmit data over telephone or cable lines) and access to a telephone line which is connected to the Internet and a software to connect.
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m18aa5759.png]]
''Data card''
You can also use a device called data card for connecting to the internet without any wire connections. The data cards use the mobile phones network to connect to the internet. The connection software is provided usually by the service providers (which are mostly telephone companies). In Karnataka/India, companies like Airtel, BSNL, Vodaphone provide such services.
To know more about the history of the Internet, visit [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Internet Wikipedia]
== World Wide Web (WWW) ==
There are millions of pages of shared information on the computers in the network, created by many people and organizations, in the form of 'web pages' accessed using a software application called a 'web browser'. This information network is called the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web World Wide Web] (in short known as www). The source of information is called the web site. A web site is a collection of related web pages of information. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web WWW] is one application on the Internet.
== Web Browser ==
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_2853baf8.png]]Once you are connected to the Internet and are ready to look for things, you will need a software called the web Browser. There are many browsers available like Mozilla Firefox, Windows Internet Explorer, Apple's Safari, Google Chrome etc. All browsers will have similar functions. In this chapter you will learn to use Mozilla Firefox to
browse the web. Browse the web means look for things on the internet. Click on the icon on your top panel to start the Firefox Internet browser when you are using Ubuntu. You will see a screen like this.
|
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m6d5142b8.gif]][[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m1c8b9ecd.jpg|50px]]
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_5057183e.gif]]
A website is nothing but a folder on a computer connected to the Internet, which has an 'address ' . You will have to enter the address of a website in the address bar (see the picture). This address is also called Uniform Resource Locator (URL). In the address bar, type [[www.wikipedia.org]] and press enter. This is a website where you can find information on many subjects.
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_292fca48.png]]
This website has information on many languages. Move the mouse pointer on English and you will find that the pointer has changed to a hand. These are links to other sections of the web site. They are called [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperlink hyperlinks]. A hyperlink is a mechanism by which a web page is linked to another related web page. Text, images can be made into hyper links. A [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperlink hyperlink] is usually underlined.
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_1afcbe46.png]]
When you click on English, you get the information from the encyclopedia in English. There are different sections, if you look at the right hand top
corner, giving information about Arts, History, Maths, Science etc. You can click on Maths and search on a certain topic. Type multiplication in the search box that you see just above the different sections. You will get an article about Multiplication.
==Search Engine==
A search engine is used to search for information on the World Wide Web. It keeps a track of all web pages. We can search for information we want
by providing a word or a sentence to a search engine. Google search engin is a very popular search engine. In your browser's address bar type
"Google.co.in". In the search box you see type 'sachin tendulkar centuries'. You will see a list of all the webpages having information about Sachin
Tendulkar's centuries. You can click on the hyper links and get more information. There are other search engines too, such as [https://duckduckgo.com/ DuckDuckgo]. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DuckDuckGo DuckDuckgo] does not collect information about users and hence your privacy is protected.
== Lab exercises ==
== Visit the following websites ==
# kn.wikipedia.org, Kannada.samachar.com, irctc.com rmsa.karnatakaeducation.org.in, dsert.kar.nic.in
# Search for information on your topic using [[http://Google.co.in Google search engine] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DuckDuckGo DuckDuckgo] search engine.
==='''Topics''' - School Leadership===
Chose from - Aims of education, School and society, Community participation in education, teacher professional development, open educational resources, professional learning community, School development, School leadership, Leadership styles. Leadership theories
== Chapter summary ==
# Files, information and even some hardware devices can be shared using a computer network.
# Information is communicated and shared between the computers through an Internet connection.
# A computer, modem and access to a telephone line which is connected to the Internet and a connection software is required to connect to the Internet.
# A web site is a collection of related web pages of information.
# A software application called a web browser is required to look for things on the Internet's World Wide Web.
# A search engine is used to search for information on the World Wide Web
== Exercises==
*Choose the correct answer
# Internet is a network of
## Roads 2. Rails 3. Computers 4. Water pipes
# Which of these is not a browser
## Safari 2. Chrome 3. Nautilus 4. Firefox
# The device used to connect without wires to the Internet is called
## USB Flash drive 2. Data card 3. Memory Card 4.Modem
*Say True or False
# Internet is a network of computers
# A Modem is required to connect to the Internet without wires
# Wikipedia is a website
# WWW stands for world wide web
# URL stands for Unknown resource locator
# Internet
# kn.wikipedia.org , kannada.samachar.com , irctc.com rmsa.karnatakaeducation.org.in dsert.kar.nic.in
# A software application called a web browser is required to look for things on the Internet's World Wide Web.
== Additional Resources ==
== Additional Resources ==
[[http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet]]
[[http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet]]
= 5.Mind mapping =
= 5.Mind mapping =
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m1c8b9ecd.jpg]]
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m1c8b9ecd.jpg|50px]]
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m1edfa6e3.gif]][[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m2cefd992.gif]]
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m1edfa6e3.gif]][[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m2cefd992.gif]]
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m4bf81e5d.gif]][[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_71b3ab50.gif]][[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m1c8b9ecd.jpg]]
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m4bf81e5d.gif]][[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_71b3ab50.gif]][[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m1c8b9ecd.jpg|50px]]
''Figure 6'' The topic or main concept is ANIMALS. The different animals are reptiles, mammals, fish, birds, amphibians. List all the animals you know in each category. The mindmap has been started for you. See Figure 6 below. Complete it with all the animals you know.
''Figure 6'' The topic or main concept is ANIMALS. The different animals are reptiles, mammals, fish, birds, amphibians. List all the animals you know in each category. The mindmap has been started for you. See Figure 6 below. Complete it with all the animals you know.
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m1eb9349b.jpg]]
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m1eb9349b.jpg|50px]]
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_29557353.gif]][[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_51c4a07a.gif]]
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_29557353.gif]][[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_51c4a07a.gif]]
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_3d47a81a.jpg]]
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_3d47a81a.jpg|50px]]
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_6308822b.gif]][[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m2407bc89.gif]]
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_6308822b.gif]][[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m2407bc89.gif]]
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_32fe000d.gif]][[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_257c28c7.gif]][[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m1eb9349b.jpg]][[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m1c8b9ecd.jpg]]
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_32fe000d.gif]][[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_257c28c7.gif]][[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m1eb9349b.jpg|50px]][[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m1c8b9ecd.jpg|50px]]
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m32c8b606.gif]][[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m12bc7bcb.gif]]
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m32c8b606.gif]][[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m12bc7bcb.gif]]
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m65f9e530.gif]][[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m48e92b5b.gif]][[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m1c8b9ecd.jpg]]
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m65f9e530.gif]][[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m48e92b5b.gif]][[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m1c8b9ecd.jpg|50px]]
## Select one of the vertices of the triangle (A,B or C) and move the points ('''Move''' tool) to change the shape of the triangles.
## Select one of the vertices of the triangle (A,B or C) and move the points ('''Move''' tool) to change the shape of the triangles.
#
#
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m5fe95702.gif]] [[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m43c97b62.gif]] [[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_3d47a81a.jpg]]
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m5fe95702.gif]] [[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m43c97b62.gif]] [[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_3d47a81a.jpg|50px]]
# Calculate the ratio: In the Input bar write: r1=Distance[A,B]/Distance[A,D]. AB and AD are corresponding sides in the two triangles. Repeat the command for the other two pairs of corresponding sides.
# Calculate the ratio: In the Input bar write: r1=Distance[A,B]/Distance[A,D]. AB and AD are corresponding sides in the two triangles. Repeat the command for the other two pairs of corresponding sides.
# Change the shape of the triangle by moving the points you are able to move (use the Move tool). Are the triangles still similar? What happens to the ratios?
# Change the shape of the triangle by moving the points you are able to move (use the Move tool). Are the triangles still similar? What happens to the ratios?
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_3d47a81a.jpg]]
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_3d47a81a.jpg|50px]]
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m20abd1a5.gif]] [[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_385e9bfc.gif]]
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m20abd1a5.gif]] [[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_385e9bfc.gif]]
## ABCD is your square.
## ABCD is your square.
## Measure the sides using the '''Distance or Length tool'''. What do you observe? What are the properties of a square?
## Measure the sides using the '''Distance or Length tool'''. What do you observe? What are the properties of a square?
## [[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_3d47a81a.jpg]]Move the points A or B using the '''Move tool. '''Is ABCD still a square?
## [[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_3d47a81a.jpg|50px]]Move the points A or B using the '''Move tool. '''Is ABCD still a square?
#
#
|-
|-
|
|
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m419b5a5b.jpg]][[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_75c0866a.gif]]
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m419b5a5b.jpg|50px]][[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_75c0866a.gif]]
# Using a mindmap, map out all what you understand by the term democracy. Work in groups and present it to your classmates and come up with your own definitions of the term.
# Using a mindmap, map out all what you understand by the term democracy. Work in groups and present it to your classmates and come up with your own definitions of the term.
# [[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m1c8b9ecd.jpg]]Create a photo essay of the social and civic issues in your neighbourhood
# [[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m1c8b9ecd.jpg|50px]]Create a photo essay of the social and civic issues in your neighbourhood
{| border="1"
{| border="1"
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m419b5a5b.jpg]]
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m419b5a5b.jpg|50px]]
{| border="1"
{| border="1"
|-
|-
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m419b5a5b.jpg]]
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m419b5a5b.jpg|50px]]
{| border="1"
{| border="1"
|-
|-
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_7d121b88.gif]][[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m1c8b9ecd.jpg]]On
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_7d121b88.gif]][[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m1c8b9ecd.jpg|50px]]On
the left side, you can see the different earth views for example
the left side, you can see the different earth views for example
precipitation in July and December, rainfall in July and December
precipitation in July and December, rainfall in July and December
# Identify the regions where there is heavy rainfall in June and December. Are there any similar regions? What could be the reason?
# Identify the regions where there is heavy rainfall in June and December. Are there any similar regions? What could be the reason?
# Which are the hot zones on the earth and which are the cold zones? What could be the reason?
# Which are the hot zones on the earth and which are the cold zones? What could be the reason?
# Turn the globe upside down. Note down some of the main differences you feel could happen because of this. (For example, Australia on top.) [[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_3d47a81a.jpg]]
# Turn the globe upside down. Note down some of the main differences you feel could happen because of this. (For example, Australia on top.) [[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_3d47a81a.jpg|50px]]
# Prepare a concept map on what you think the environment consists of. What are the environmental problems that you are aware of? Have you observed anything like this in your surrounding areas? It is important for us to participate in saving the environment.
# Prepare a concept map on what you think the environment consists of. What are the environmental problems that you are aware of? Have you observed anything like this in your surrounding areas? It is important for us to participate in saving the environment.
# How many borewells/ wells are there in and around your school? Are all of them functioning? What do you think could be the reasons for the drying up of borewells? Prepare a note on why ground water conservation is important. You can use the Internet to look for pictures and other websites for your sharing.
# How many borewells/ wells are there in and around your school? Are all of them functioning? What do you think could be the reasons for the drying up of borewells? Prepare a note on why ground water conservation is important. You can use the Internet to look for pictures and other websites for your sharing.
# In the first week of every month, record the temperature. Prepare a table of the data that you have collected. {| border="1" |- | | Minimun | Maximum | Rainfall |- | January | | | |- | February | | | |- | ….... | | | |- | December | | | |} [[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m3c0e3d90.gif]][[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m43ce02a3.gif]][[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m1c8b9ecd.jpg]]
# In the first week of every month, record the temperature. Prepare a table of the data that you have collected. {| border="1" |- | | Minimun | Maximum | Rainfall |- | January | | | |- | February | | | |- | ….... | | | |- | December | | | |} [[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m3c0e3d90.gif]][[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m43ce02a3.gif]][[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m1c8b9ecd.jpg|50px]]
== Additional exercises ==
== Additional exercises ==
and Editing'''
and Editing'''
'''Formatting
'''Formatting
& Copy Editing'''
& Copy Editing'''
[[Category:Textbooks]]
