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From Karnataka Open Educational Resources
Resource Book for MRP Cascade training - RMSA Subject Teachers Forum - IT for Change (view source)
Revision as of 06:20, 26 September 2012
, 06:20, 26 September 2012no edit summary
= Understanding the Resource Prototype =
= Understanding the Resource Prototype =
* [[Image:Resource%20Book%20for%20MRP%20Cascade%20training_html_m43240de1.png]]The main idea, subject or focus is made clear in a central image.
* [[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_m43240de1.png]]The main idea, subject or focus is made clear in a central image.
* The main themes ''radiate'' from the central image as 'branches'.
* The main themes ''radiate'' from the central image as 'branches'.
* The branches comprise a key image or key word drawn or printed on its associated line.
* The branches comprise a key image or key word drawn or printed on its associated line.
* Topics of lesser importance are represented as 'twigs' of the relevant branch.
* Topics of lesser importance are represented as 'twigs' of the relevant branch.
* The branches form a connected nodal structure.
* The branches form a connected nodal structure.
* Possible to get into details without losing sight of the overall picture While a mind map may have only one central theme, '''concept maps''' may have many interrelated main themes. Concept maps are tools for organizing and representing knowledge. They include concepts, usually enclosed in circles or boxes of some type, and relationships between concepts or propositions, indicated by a connecting line between two
* Possible to get into details without losing sight of the overall picture While a mind map may have only one central theme, '''concept maps''' may have many interrelated main themes. Concept maps are tools for organizing and representing knowledge. They include concepts, usually enclosed in circles or boxes of some type, and relationships between concepts or propositions, indicated by a connecting line between two concepts. Words on these lines can be used to specify the nature of the relationships between different concepts.
Concept
mapping can be used for for a number of different purposes
* to generate ideas (e.g. brain storming)
* to design a complex structure
* to communicate complex ideas
* to illustrate the relationships between different components or processes
* to aid learning by explicitly integrating new and old knowledge
* to assess understanding
* to diagnose misunderstanding
<u>'''Steps
in constructing concept maps'''</u>'''
'building brick' of the digital society, becomes necessary for all.
'''Select or Focus on a
theme and then identify related key words or phrases. What is the
central word, concept, question or problem around which to build your
diagram or concept map? What are the concepts, ideas, descriptive
words or important questions that you can associate with the main
concept, topic, question or problem?
# Rank the concepts (key words) from the most abstract and inclusive to the most concrete and specific.
# Cluster (group) concepts that function at similar level of abstraction and those that closely interrelated.
# Arrange concepts in a diagrammatic representation.
# Add linking lines and where appropriate label lines with a qualifying word or phrase.
# Groups of people can work together on a concept map - this is a good way to "brainstorm" a problem or idea.
For more information on concept maps please see
[[http://www.smallstock.info/info/mindmap.htm]]
=== Concept Map of a theme ===
By
using a public educational tool [[Freemind]]
to ensure universal access as well as participation in its creation
to build concept maps of themes in different subjects, we open up
possibilities to think beyond a specific hierarchy or in any
particular sequence. This allows us to make new connections to
address the topic more creatively.
One
theme in the curriculum is selected for creating a concept map. The
for a list of public software applications for general use of all
'''first step''' is to understand the concept map and get an overall
and also another list of public educational software tools for
idea of what is covered in the resource material and how it is
organised.
== What is GNU/Linux? ==
== Theme Plan ==
Once
the concept map is understood, we then work on a framework for the
is public software. Since the operating system is the basic software
resource material. This framework is called the '''Theme Plan'''. The framework has been built on
that “runs your computer”, it needs to be available freely to
the '''constructivist '''philosophy
of learning as recommended by the National Curriculum Framework 2005
(NCF 2005). Bloom's Taxonomy that was built in 1956 used Skinner's
'''behaviourist '''learning
philosophy which classified knowledge, comprehension, application,
has enabled Kannadigas to make Kannada version of Ubuntu GNU/Linux
analysis , synthesis and evaluation as skills. With new learning
approaches emerging, Bloom's taxonomy was revised in 1999. This
revised taxonomy included
'''''Metacognitive Knowledge— Knowledge of thinking in
general and your thinking in particular. '''''
This
new constructivist philosophy and psychology of learning has been
used to create the structure of the theme plan. The
theme plan is built keeping in mind children's assimilation of
concepts from 6<sup>th</sup>
standard though 10<sup>th</sup>
standard. This framework is in a spreadsheet format, with the
following columns:
<u>'''Theme'''</u>:
This is the main theme of the
prototype.
<u>'''Sub-Theme:
'''</u>These are the sub-themes
that the main theme has been divided into.
<u>'''Class'''</u>:
In which class do you think the
concept must be introduced - 6<sup>th</sup>
standard to 10<sup>th</sup>
standard.
<u>'''Learning
Outcomes:'''</u>
One of the
basic ideas here is that the content is only a vehicle for achieving
learning outcomes. We want to look at why we are teaching a topic
and how to teach it. These questions have to be asked and answered
in all subject areas.
'''<u>Logging</u><u>
Learning
outcomes are not only content based (factual; can be learned by
rote). They are broken into '''''conceptual learning''''', '''''skill
learning''''' and the '''''content/knowledge learning'''''.
The content/knowledge learning part pertains to the factual
components, various definitions, procedural knowledge, theories, etc.
<u>'''Concept
Learning/Idea to be Conveyed:
'''</u>Concept learning outcomes
look at what are the key discipline ideas in a topic or theme. These
allow the children to make a structure for their learning and help
them become continuous, life-long learners. They learn to abstract,
get to the core meaning and build upon that core understanding.
These concepts will be built according to the age of the student (NCF
calls this cognitive validity). For the teacher, a good way to
define a conceptual outcome is to ask this question : “ 20 years
from now; the student will forget all these definitions, formulae –
what is the key idea (s) that I want them to remember .”
<u>'''The
<u>'''Skill
Learning: '''</u><u>
</u>Skills
are cognitive,
psycho-motor, linguistic and social abilities that are built over a
learning period. The skills can be directly related to the topic.
In this case, these will be called the applications of the concept/
idea/ content. For example, building a dynamo or fixing a bulb or
recording an experiment are directly connected to the lesson being
taught.
But
every lesson also has higher order skills which are important to
develop. For example, learning to observe carefully and accurately
or safety precautions around electricity are also skills that can be
developed.
Multiple
skills can be developed through one topic/ theme. More than one
topic can also be for addressing one skill.
The
<u>'''Knowledge
Learning:'''</u><u>
</u>The
content/knowledge learning part pertains to the factual components,
various definitions, procedural knowledge, theories, etc.
<u>'''Activities/Evaluation:
'''</u><u>
</u>The activity
that is described for the sub-theme and class. The details of the
activity and the evaluation questions are provided in the Resource
Book, the theme plan will have a hyper-link to the resource book.
The
<u>'''Resources/Material:
'''</u>The material and resources
that would be required for the activity.
== Resource Book ==
The
The
resource book will bring together the concept map and theme plan. It
will include background material that will be required for teachers
to understand a theme and use the theme plan. The resource book will
also contain the overall curricular objectives of the theme for
school education The background material will tie in with overall
curricular objectives and not just the syllabus. The detailed
explanation of all the activities and the evaluation mentioned in the
theme plan will will be described in the resource book.
=== Curricular Objectives ===
The
The
curricular objectives define/ describe what the learning outcomes of
to locations within the file system, or attached storage such as USB
the students are when being introduced to this topic. These allow
the teacher to define a concept in totality and not be limited only
to the syllabus.
=== Background Material ===
The
The
background material is meant to be teacher material. As a teacher,
what should I know, how should I look at a topic to present it to the
children in the most appropriate way.
This
includes detailed discussion of sub-themes, key terms to be
introduced in a simple and accurate manner and additional resources
that can be used.
that relate to your personal desktop configuration.
=== Activities and Evaluation ===
The
activities are discussed at the end of the resource book. These
include experiments, simulations, discussions (after a video) and
site visits. This section also includes discussion questions for the
teacher to build the theme as well as evaluation questions.
== The Complete Resource for a theme – Collaborative resource creation ==
and shutting down'''</u>
The
concept map, theme plan and the resource book, once reviewed will be
available on the web portal [[http://rmsa.karnatakaeducation.org.in/]].
The resources for the theme can be enhanced and enriched by all
teachers. When a teacher wants to make a contribution to the
resource book, he or she has to say which theme they want to make the
contribution to and send it to the forum (Group Email).
Note,
the teacher can contribute in the following ways :
the relevant option from the dialog box that appears.
* Add an activity to an existing sub-theme.
* Add a new sub-theme with the details of each column for each Theme Plan.
* Add more background material to the resource book. Here the source of the background material must be provided
The
material will be reviewed by a panel and will be added to the
resource book if the quality criteria is met.
== Sample Resources ==
are the most basic unit of data that users can store on a disk. Every
=== Science ===
There
are two sample resource materials that have been built – on
measurement and light. This explores the various concepts to be
introduced while teaching light along with how to address the
syllabus topics. The resource book on measurements introduces the
history of measurement and how to measure. These resources can be
found at - [[http://rmsa.karnatakaeducation.org.in/?q=Science]]
=== Social Science ===
A
A
similar resource book has been built for the Bhakthi movement. The
focus here is to use the history and facts of the Bhakthi Movement to
move beyond the facts and look at social aspects, social structure
and organization. This resource can be found at the RMSA website,
[[http://rmsa.karnatakaeducation.org.in/?q=Social-Science]]
=== Mathematics ===
Fractions
are a very difficult concept to teach and are not well-understood.
This resource document explores different methodologies and
approaches to explaining fractions with a set of activities on how to
introduce the topic in the classroom. This resource can be found at
the following address:
[[http://rmsa.karnatakaeducation.org.in/?q=maths]]
.
== Understanding the Resource Book - Kannada Translation ==
ಪ್ರಕಲ್ಪನೆಯ
ನಕ್ಷೆ :
FREEMIND
ಎ೦ಬ
ಸಾರ್ವಜನಿಕ ಶೈಕ್ಷನಿಕ ತಂತ್ರಾಂಶದ
ಸಹಾಯದಿಂ ದ ಬೇರೆ ಬೇರೆ ವಿಷಯಗಳ
ಪ್ರಕಲ್ಪನೆ ಗಳ ನಕ್ಷೆಯನ್ನು
ರಚಿಸುವುದರಿಂದ,
ಒಂದು
ವಿಷಯದ ಬಗೆಗೆ ಅನೇಕ ಆಯಾಮದ
ಚಿತ್ರಣವನ್ನು ಪಡೆಯ ಬಹುದಾಗಿದೆ.
ವಿಷಯದ
ಬಗೆಗಿನ ಸಾಂಪ್ರದಾಯಿಕ ಶ್ರೇಣೀಕ್ರುತ
ಯೋಜನೆಯ ಬದಲಿಗೆ,
ಈ
ಪ್ರಕಲ್ಪನೆಯ ನಕ್ಷೆಯಿಂದ
ಸ್ರಜನಾತ್ಮಕ ಯೋಜನೆ ಯು ಸಾಧ್ಯಾವಿದೆ.
ಪಠ್ಯಕ್ರಮದ
ಯಾವುದಾದರೋಂದು ಪ್ರಾಕಲ್ಪನಾ
ನಕ್ಷೆಯನ್ನು.
ಗಮನಿಸಿದಾಗ,
ಅದು
ಆ ಸಂಪನ್ಮೋಲ ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯದ ಒಂದು
ಸಮಗ್ರ ಪಕ್ಷಿನೋಟ ದೋರೆಯುತ್ತದೆ
.
ಪಠ್ಯಸಾರ:
ಪ್ರಕಲ್ಪನಾ
ನಕ್ಷೆಯನ್ನು ಅರಿತ ನಂತರ,
ಸಂಪನ್ಮೋಲ
ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯ ರಚಿಸಲು ಒಂದು ಚೌಕಟ್ಟಿನ
ಅಗತ್ಯವಿದೆ.
ಈ
ಚೌಕಟ್ಟನ್ನೆ ಪಠ್ಯಸಾರ ಎನ್ನಬಹುದು.
ಈ
ಚೌಕಟ್ಟು NCF
೨೦೦೫ರ
ಅನ್ವಯದಂತೆ.
ಕಲಿಕೆಯ
ರಚನಾತ್ಮಕ ತತ್ವಶಾಸ್ತ್ರದ
ತಳಹದಿಯ ಮೇಲೆ ರಚಿತವಾಗಿರುತ್ತದೆ.
೧೯೫೬ರಲ್ಲಿ
ರಚಿತವಾದ ಬ್ಲೊಮನ ವರ್ಗಿಕರಣದ
ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರವು ಸ್ಕಿನ್ನರನ ವರ್ತನಾವಾದದ
ಆಧಾರವಾಗಿಟ್ಟುಕೋಂಡಿತ್ತು.
ಇದರಲ್ಲಿ
ಜ್ನನ,
ಗ್ರಹಿಕೆ
(ತಿಳುವಕೆ),
ಅನ್ವಯ,
ವಿಶ್ಲೇಷಣೆ,
ಸಂಶ್ಲೇಷಣೆ,
ಮತ್ತು
ಮೌಲ್ಯಮಾಪನಗಳನ್ನು ಉದ್ದಿಷ್ಠಗಳಾಗಿ
ಗುರುತಿಸಿದೆ.
ಆದರೆ
೧೯೯೯ ರಲ್ಲಿ ಪುನರಚಿತವಾದ ಬ್ಲೂಮನ್
ವರ್ಗಿಕರಣವು,ವಿಶಿಷ್ಟ
ಸ್ರುಜನಾತ್ಮಕ ಜ್ನಾನ(ಯಾವುದೇ
ಜ್ನನದ ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯ ಗ್ರಹಿಕೆ ಮತ್ತು
ನಿರ್ದಿಷ್ಠ ಗ್ರಹಿಕೆ)ಯನ್ನು
ಒಳಗೋಂಡಿರುತ್ತದೆ.ಈ
ಪಾಠಸಾರವು ರಚನಾತ್ಮಕ ತತ್ವಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ
ಮತ್ತು ಕಲಿಕೆಯ ಮನೋವಿಜ್ನಾನವನ್ನು
ಆಧರಿಸಿ ರಚಿಸಲ್ಪಟ್ಟಿರುತ್ತದೆ.
೬ ರಿಂದ
೧೦ನೇ ತರಗತಿವರೆಗಿನ ವಿದ್ಯಾರ್ಥಿಗಳ
ವಿಷಯ ಗ್ರಹಿಕಾ ಸಾಮರ್ಥ್ಯದ
ಆಧಾರದ ಮೇಲೆ ರಚಿತಗೋಂಡರುವ
ಇದು spreadsheet
ರೊಪದಲ್ಲಿರುತ್ತದೆ.
ಇದರ
ಹಂತಗಳು
ಈ
ಕೆಳಗಿನಂತಿವೆ.
೧.
ಪಠ್ಯಸಾರ:
ಇಡಿ
ವಿಷಯವನ್ನು ಪ್ರತಿನಿಧಿಸುತ್ತದೆ
೨.ಉಪ
ಪಠ್ಯಸಾರ:ವಿಷಯವನ್ನು
ಹಲವು ಭಾಗಗಳಾಗಿ ವಿಂಗಡಿಸಾಗಿರುತ್ತದೆ.
೩.ತರಗತಿ:೬ರಿಂದ
೧೦ನೇ ತರಗತಿವರೆಗೆ ಯಾವ ಉಪಪರಿಕಲ್ಪನೆ
ಸೋಕ್ತವಾಗಿರುತ್ತದೆಯೋ ಆ ತರಗತಿ
ಕಲಿಕಾ
ಫಲಗಳು:ಭೋಧಿಸುತ್ತಿರುವ
ಪಠ್ಯವಸ್ತುವು,
ಕಲಿಕಾ
ಫಲಗಳುನ್ನು.
ಸಾಧಿಸಲು
ಇರುವಂತಹ ಒಂದು ಸಾಧನೆ.
ಕಲಿಸುವ
ಮೊದಲು ಏಕೆ ,ಏನು
ಮತ್ತು ಹೇಗೆ ಕಲಿಸಬೇಕು ಎ೦ಬ
ಪ್ರಶ್ನೆಗಳಿಗೆ ಉತ್ತರವನ್ನು
ಹುಡುಕುವ ಪ್ರಯತ್ನಮಾಡಬೇಕು.
ಕಲಿವಿನ
ಫಲಗಳು ಕೇವಲ ಪಠ್ಯವಸ್ತುವಿಗೆ
ಸಿಮೀತವಾಗದೆ,(ಉದಾ:ಕೇವಲ
ಕಂಠಪಾಠ ಕಲಿಕೆ)
ಅವುಗಳನ್ನು
ಸಮಗ್ರ ಪರಿಕಲ್ಪ ಕಲಿಕೆ,
ಕೌಶಲ್ಯ
ಕಲಿಕೆ ಮತ್ತು ವಿಷಯಗ್ರಹಣ
ಕಲಿಕೆಗಳಾಗಿ ವಿಭಾಗಿಸಬೇಕಾಗುತ್ತದೆ.
ಕಲಿಕೆ,
ಕೌಶಲ್ಯ
ಕಲಿಕೆ:ಇದು
ಒಂದು ನಿರ್ದಿಷ್ಠ ವಿಷಯದ,
ಮುಖ್ಯ
ತತ್ವಗಳನ್ನು ಒಳಗೋಂಡಿರ ಬೇಕು.
ಇದು
ಕಲಿಕಾರ್ಥಿಯ ಕಲಿಕೆಗೆ ಅನುಕಲವಾಗಿದ್ದು
ಜಿವನ ಪರ್ಯಾಂತ ಕಲಿಕೆಗೆ ಅನುಕಲ
ಕಲ್ಪಿಸಿರ ಬೇಕು.
ಕಲಿಕಾರ್ಥಿಯು.
ಅಮೂರ್ತದಿಂದ
ಕಲಿಕೆ ಪ್ರಾರಂಬಿಸಿ ವಿಷಯದ
ಒಳಾರ್ಥವನ್ನು ತಿಳಿದುಕೋಂಡು
ಅದರ ಸಹಾಯದಿಂದ ಉನ್ನತ ತಿಳುವಳಿಕೆಯನ್ನು
ಗಳಿಸುತ್ತಾನೆ .
ಈ
ಪರಿಕಲ್ಪನೆಗಳನ್ನು ಕಲಿಕಾರ್ಥಿಯ
ವಯಸ್ಸಿಗೆನುಗುಣವಾಗಿ(ಇದನ್ನು
NCF ಗ್ರಹಣ
ಸಿಂಧುತ್ವವೆಂದು ಕರೆಯುತ್ತದೆ)
ರಚಿತವಾಗಿರುತ್ತದೆ.
ಗಮನಿಸಬೆಕಾದ
ಅಂಶವೆಂದರೆ,
ಶಿಕ್ಷಕನು
ಕಲಿಕಾ ಫಲವನ್ನು ರಚಿಸುವಾಗ,ತತಕ್ಷಣದ
ಜ್ನನಕ್ಕೆ ಒತ್ತುಕೊಡದೆ.
೨೦
ವರ್ಷಗಳ ನಂತರ ,
ಭೋಧನೆಯ
ಯಾವ ಮುಖ್ಯಾಂಶಗಳು ಕಲಿಕಾರ್ಥಿಯಲ್ಲಿ
ಉಳಿದಿರಬೇಕು ಎ೦ಬುದರ ಬಗ್ಗೆ
ಖಚಿತತೆ ಇರಬೇಕು
ಕೌಶಲ್ಯ
ಕಲಿಕೆ:
ಕೌಶಲ್ಯ
ವೆಂದರೆ,
ಭಾಷೆ
ಮನೋ-ದೈಹಿಕ,
ಜ್ನಾನಾತ್ಮಕ
,ಸಾಮಾಜಿಕ
ಸಾಮರ್ಥ್ಯೆಗಳನ್ನು ಕಲಿಕಾ
ಅವಧಿಯಲ್ಲಿಗಳಿಸುವುದು ಎ೦ದರ್ಥ.
ಕೌಶಲ್ಯಗಳು
ನೇರವಾಗಿ ಪಠ್ಯಕ್ಕೆ ಸಂಬಂದಿಸಿರಬಹುದು.
ಇವುಗಳನ್ನು
ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಪರಿಕಲ್ಪನೆ ಜ್ನಾನ ಅಥವ
ಪಠ್ಯಾಜ್ನಾನದ ಅನ್ವಯಗಳೆಂದು
ಕರೆಯಬಹುದು ಉದಾ:
ಒಂದು
ಡೈನೋವನ್ನು ತಯಾರಿಕೆ ಅಥವಾ
ವಿದ್ಯುತ್ ದೀಪವನ್ನು jಜೋಡಿಸುವುದಾಗಲಿ
ಅಥವ ಪ್ರಯೋಗದ ಫಲಿತಾಂಶಗಳನ್ನು
ನೇರವಾಗಿ ದಾಖಲಿಸುವುದಾಗಲಿ,ಇವೆಲ್ಲವು
ನೇರವಾಗಿ ಪಠ್ಯಕ್ಕೆ ಸಂಬಂಧಿಸಿದ
ಕೌಶಲಗಳಾಗಿವೆ.
ಆದರೆ
ಪ್ರತಿಯೂಂದು ಘಟಕವು ಇಷ್ಟೆ
ಅಲ್ಲದೆ,ಇನ್ನೊ
ಹೆಚ್ಚಿನ ಕೌಶಲಗಳನ್ನು ಹೊಂದಿದ್ದು,
ಅವುಗಳನ್ನು
ಬೆಳಸಬೇಕಿದೆ.
ಉದಾ:ವಿದ್ಯುತ
ದೀಪದ ಬಳಕೆಯಲ್ಲಿನ ಮುನ್ನಚ್ಚರಿಕೆಗಳು,
ಹಾಗೊ
ಪ್ರಯೋಗಗಳನ್ನು ನಡೆಸುವಾಗ
ತೆಗೆದುಕೋಳಬೇಕಾದ ಮುಂಜಾಗ್ರತಾ
ಕ್ರಮಗಳು ಮತ್ತು ನುಖರವಾದ
ಅಳತೆಯನ್ನು ದಾಖಲುಮಾಡಿಕೋಳೂವುದು,
ಜ್ನನ
ಕಲಿಕೆ:
ಜ್ನಾನವು
ನಿರ್ದಿಷ್ಟ ವ್ಯಾಖ್ಯೆಗಳು,ಸಿದ್ಧಾಂತಗಳು,
ಸತ್ಯಾಸಂಗತಿಗಳನ್ನು
ಒಳಗೊಂಡಿರುತ್ತದೆ.
ಚಟುವಟಿಕೆ/ಮೌಲ್ಯಮಾಪನ:
ಚಟುವಟಿಕೆಯು
ಉಪಘಟಕ ಮತ್ತು ತರಗತಿಯ ಆಧಾರದ
ಮೇಲೆ ನಿರ್ದಾರಿತವಾಗಿದ್ದು,ಶಿಕ್ಷಕನಿಗೆ,
ಬೋಧನಾ-ಕಲಿಕಾ
ಪ್ರಕ್ರಿಯೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಅನುಕೊಲ
ಕಲ್ಪಿಸುತ್ತದೆ.
ಸಂಪನ್ಮೊಲ
ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯವು ಮೌಲ್ಯಮಾಪನ
ಪ್ರಶ್ನೆಗಳನ್ನು ಒಳಗೊಂಡಿದ್ದು,
ಪಠ್ಯಸಾರದ
hyperlinkಗಳನ್ನು
ಒಳಗೊಂಡಿರುತ್ತದೆ.
ಸಂಪನ್ಮೊಲ
ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯ:
ಸಂಪನ್ಮೊಲ
ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯವು ಪ್ರಕಲ್ಪನಾ ನಕ್ಷೆ
ಮತ್ತು ಪಠ್ಯಸಾರವನ್ನು
ಒಳಗೋಂಡಿರುತ್ತದೆ.
ಇದರ
ಜೋತೆಗೆ ಪಠ್ಯವನ್ನು ಸಮಗ್ರವಾಗಿ
ಅರ್ಥೈಸಿಕೊಂಡು ಬೋಧನೆಯನ್ನು
ಸುಗಮವಾಗಿಸಲು ಅಗತ್ಯವಾದ
ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯವನ್ನು ಒಳಗೊಂಡಿರುತ್ತದೆ
. ಹಿನ್ನೆಲೆ
ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯವು,
ಶಾಲಾ
ಶಿಕ್ಷಣಕ್ಕೆ ಅಗತ್ಯವಾದ
ಪಠ್ಯಕ್ರಮದ ನಿರ್ದಿಷ್ಟಗಳನ್ನು
ಒಳಗೊಂಡಿರುವುದಲ್ಲದೆ,
ಕೇವಲ
ಪಠ್ಯವಸ್ತು ಮಾತ್ರವಲ್ಲ .
ಪಠ್ಯದ
ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಚಟುವಟಿಕೆಗಳು ಹಾಗೊ
ಮೌಲ್ಯಮಾಪನದ ಪ್ರಶ್ನೆಗಳನ್ನು
ಹಿನ್ನೆಲೆ ಸಹಿತ್ಯಾವು
ಒಳಗೊಂಡಿರಬೇಕು.
ಪಠ್ಯಗುರಿಗಳು
ಇವು ಕಲಿವಿನ ಫಲವನ್ನು ನಿರ್ದರಿಸುತ್ತವೆ
. ಇದು
ಕೇವಲ ಸೀಮಿತವಾಗದೆ.
ವಿಷಯದ
ಪರಿಪೋರ್ಣ ಗ್ರಹಿಕೆಗೆ ಸಹಾಯಕವಾಗುತ್ತದೆ.
ಹಿನ್ನೆಲೆ
ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯಾ:ಇದನ್ನು
ಶಿಕ್ಷಕರಿಗಾಗಿ ಸಿದ್ಡಪಡಿಸಲಾಗಿದ್ದು,ಶಿಕ್ಷಕನಾಗಿ
ನಾನು ತಿಳಿದಿರಬೇಕು,
ಒಂದು
ವಿಷಯವನ್ನು ಯಾವ ಸರಿಯಾದ ರೀತಿಯಲ್ಲಿ
ಪ್ರಸ್ತುತ ಪಡಿಸಿದರೆ,
ವಿದ್ಯಾರ್ಥಿಗಳಲ್ಲಿ
ಉತ್ತಮ ಕಲಿಕೆಯುಂಟಾಗುತ್ತದೆ
ಎ೦ಬುದರ ಚಿತ್ರಣ ದೊರುಕಬೇಕು.
ಎದು
ಒಂದು ವಿಶಯದ ಉಪಘಟಕಗಳನ್ನು ,
ಮು
ಖ್ಯ ಪದಗಳು ಎತ್ಯಾದಿಗಳ ಬಗ್ಗೆ
ಸರಳವಾಗಿ ,
ನಿಖರವಾಗಿ
ಮಾಹಿತಿಯನ್ನು ಒಳಗೊಂಡಿದ್ದು
ಹೆಚ್ಚಿನ ಸಂಪನ್ಮೊಲ ಸಮಾಗ್ರಿಯ
ಮಾಹಿತಿಯಿರ ಬೇಕು
ಚಟುವಟಿಕೆ
ಮತ್ತು ಮೌಲ್ಯಮಾಪನ:
ಸಂಪನ್ಮೊಲ
ಸಹಿತ್ಯದ ಕೊನೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಚಟುವಟಿಕೆಗಳಿದ್ದು,
ಅದರಲ್ಲಿ
ಚಟುವಟಿಕೆಗಳು simulations
ವಿಡಿಯೋ
ಪ್ರದರ್ಶನದ ನಂತರ discussion
ಒಳಗೊಂಡಿರುತ್ತದೆ.
ಇದು
ಶಿಕ್ಷಕ ಮತ್ತು ವಿದ್ಯಾಥ್ಿ ಗಳ
ನಡುವೆ ಪರಸ್ಪರ discussion
ಅವಕಾಶ
ಕಲ್ಪಿಸಿ ವಿಷಯ ಗ್ರಹಿಕೆಗೆ
ಅನುಕೂಲವಾಗುವಂತೆ ಮೌಲ್ಯಮಾಪನ
ಪ್ರಶ್ನೆಗಳನ್ನು ಹೊಂದಿರಬೇಕು.
==== 2.4.2.3 Pen Drive ====
= Computer Literacy =
== What is public Software ==
As
our society becomes more and more digital, software, which is the
'building brick' of the digital society, becomes necessary for all.
Basic software that is necessary for participating in the digital
society needs to be provided to everyone as an universal right and
entitlement should be seen as publicly owned software or '''Public
software'''. As in the case of '''public education '''or public
health, '''public institutions/ Governments''' are responsible to
ensure that '''publicly owned software '''is available. This would
ensure universal access to public software and also support public
participation in its creation and sharing.
Just
like government schools are open to all without discrimination (not
necessary for private schools have many restrictions like fees,
parents background etc. ), public software is accessible to all
without discrimination while private software (also called
proprietary software) has restrictions where the user has to buy a
license to only use and cannot modify or share the software. Also
just like community has right to participate in government schools
(limited rights for parents in private schools) most public software
is community created (while in case of private software, the vendor
retains the important ownership rights).
Software
required by all includes operating system, text / image / audio /
video editors, email, web browser, search engine etc. Public software
needs to be [[free software]], providing the freedom to use, study, modify and share,
to ensure universal access as well as participation in its creation
and modification.
See
[[http://public-software.in/FOSS-applications]]
for a list of public software applications for general use of all
and also another list of public educational software tools for
teachers.
== What is GNU/Linux? ==
GNU
Linux is a free and open source operating system software and hence
is public software. Since the operating system is the basic software
that “runs your computer”, it needs to be available freely to
all, to ensure universal access. Free Software users always have the
freedom to share software, without restrictions. On a technical
level, Free Software guarantees the right to view and also modify
source code, or even use it as a basis to make a new program. This
has enabled Kannadigas to make Kannada version of Ubuntu GNU/Linux
system for benefit of Kannadigas.
== What is Ubuntu? ==
Ubuntu
is a version of the GNU/Linux operating system. Ubuntu is a
thoroughly modern operating system that provides you might find in
Windows or Macintosh OS X, but without the drawbacks. It is quite
simple, yet offers sophisticated features.
Hardware
support is excellent, with virtually every item of day-to-day
hardware supported, including graphics/sound cards, printers,
wireless, USB memory sticks, cameras, iPods, and so-on. There’s no
need to fumble around with driver CD : practically everything will be
up and running straight after installation, although as with any
operating system you may have to configure the system to your own
needs. Ubuntu provides free upgrades every six months (april and
october) which means frequent improvements in its features.
== How to use Ubuntu ==
'''<u>Logging</u><u>
in</u> :'''
The
first thing you’ll see, after the computer has finished its
self-testing, is a boot menu. This lets you choose between Ubuntu and
Windows. The next thing you will see, after Ubuntu has finished the
first stage of booting, is the login screen. Simply click on your
username, type the password and hit Enter. Assuming both details are
correct, booting will finish, and the desktop will appear.
<u>'''The
Desktop Layout '''</u>
<u>'''Panels'''</u> : The two panels are visible
—one at the top of the screen, and one at the bottom. The one at
the top is concerned with presenting information, starting programs,
and configuring the system.
The
panel at the bottom is where programs minimize to, and this panel
also includes a Show Desktop button (left), a trash icon (right), and
a virtual desktop selector (right; of which more later). Files can be
dragged and dropped onto the trash icon, and clicking it lets you
view and empty the trash contents.
[[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_m1fe6e117.png]]<u>'''Main
menus '''</u>
The
three menus at the top of the screen (Applications, Places, System)
are known as the main menus. They stay on-screen all the time. When
an application starts, its own menus appear within its program window
beneath.
The
''<u>'''Applications'''</u>'' menu at the top left provides
access to software installed on the system.
The
''<u>'''Places'''</u>'' menu, alongside it, offers quick access
to locations within the file system, or attached storage such as USB
memory sticks. Digital cameras and MP3 players are also listed here
when plugged-in.
The
''<u>'''System'''</u>'' menu, alongside the Places menu, offers
control over your computer’s settings. It has two sub-menus, as
follows:
'''''Preferences:'''''
This menu mostly lets you tweak settings relating to your particular
user account and the operation of the desktop. You can also alter
some hardware settings, such as the screen resolution, but only those
that relate to your personal desktop configuration.
'''''Administration'''''''':'''
This menu offers system-wide hardware configuration options, such as
altering the time/date, and options for configuring the underlying
Ubuntu system, such as adding/removing software.
<u>'''Process'''</u>
<u>'''Rebooting
and shutting down'''</u>
To
shut-down or reboot the computer, click the Shut Down entry on the
System menu (under Ubuntu 12.04, select the Quit entry). Then select
the relevant option from the dialog box that appears.
=== 2.6.2 Activity 2 ===
=== Managing Files and Folders ===
<u>'''Purpose'''</u>
<u>'''Files'''</u>
[[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_712a04ef.png]]Files
are the most basic unit of data that users can store on a disk. Every
program, image, video, song, and document is stored as a file.
<u>'''Process'''</u>
<u>'''Folder'''</u>
A
folder is a collection of multiple files. Folders can also store
other folders called sub-folders. Folders are also called
"directories"
<u>'''File
system'''</u>
A
is how the table will look.
file system is a method of storing and organizing computer files and
their data.
<u>'''File
Manager or File Browser'''</u>
A
file manager or file browser is a computer program that provides a
user interface to work with file systems. The most common operations
used are create, open, edit, view, print, play, rename, move, copy,
delete, etc . Files are typically displayed in a hierarchy. Ubuntu
uses a file manager/browser called Nautilus. File browser is used to
* Create folders and documents
* Display your files and folders
* Search and manage your files
This
file manager lets you organize your files into folders. Folders can
contain files and may also contain other folders. Using folders can
help you find your files more easily.
'''File
browser '''also
manages the desktop. The desktop lies behind all other visible items
on your screen. The desktop is an active component of the way you use
your computer.
Every
user has a Home Folder. The Home Folder contains all of the user's
files. The desktop is another folder. The desktop contains special
icons allowing easy access to the users Home Folder, Trash, and also
removable media such as floppy disks, CDs and USB flashdrives.
'''File
browser '''is
always running. To open a new File browser window(see previous
figure), double-click
on an appropriate icon on the desktop such as Home or Computer, or
choose an item from on the top panel.
In
Ubuntu, many things are files, such as word processor documents,
spreadsheets, photos, movies, and music.
Lets
see how to create a new folder in our home folder and save a text
file in it.
Step
1: Click on places → home folder
The
file browser will open.
Step
2: On the menu bar, Click on New → Create Folder, You'll see a new
folder with ''untitled ''''folder ''as its name, you can
overwrite it with any folder name that you want and press enter.
This will create a new folder in your home directory
Step
3: Now, double-click on this new folder, it will open the new
folder. On the menu bar, Click on New → Create Document → Empty
file. You'll see a new file with ''new file ''as its name, you
can overwrite it with any file name that you want and press enter.
Double-click on the file and you can edit the text in the same.
=== How to Connect external devices ===
==== Connecting the Printer ====
[[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_m16b905a3.png]]
# [[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_3976403.png]]Click on the power button
# Select '''Printers'''
# Make sure you have connected the printer to your system.
# Click on the '''Add '''button and follow the instructions.
PS:
The '''Displays'''
and '''Printers '''options
are also available when you click on Applications → System Tools →
System Settings or by clicking on the power button and selecting
'''System Settings'''Printer
==== Connecting to ProjectorsClick on the power button ====
# Select '''Displays'''
# In the window that opens, you will see the connected displays. To see the same thing in the monitor and the projector screen, click on the '''Mirror display''' check box.
# If the configuration looks fine (display is fine on both screens), Click on the '''Apply''' button. Select the '''Keep this configuration '''option when asked for.
[[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_7ac77986.png]]
==== Pen Drive ====
To
make the pen drive work:
the Resources CD.
* Connect the pen drive to the USB port.
* Go to Ubuntu Menu '''Places > Home Folder '''
* You can access the pen drive from here
==== Burning a CD/DVD ====
To
Burn a DVD/CD:
* Go to Ubuntu Menu '''Applications > Sound and Video > K3b'''
* Follow instructions from here to create Data/Audio or Video CD/DVD.
* You must have a CD/DVD Writer on your computer.
== To install a new software in Edubuntu 12.04 ==
Edubuntu 12.04 uses Ubuntu software center (an
application to install and manage software) instead of traditional
synaptic package manager (Page 12 of your module describes the use of
Synaptic package manager which is used in the older versions of
Ubuntu and Edubuntu).
'''Click on Applications -> Ubuntu Software Center'''
In the search box (on the top right corner of the
window), Enter the name of the application and press enter. In the
list click on the required application and then on the '''install'''
button.
== Open Office ==
OpenOffice (same as LibreOffice) is a public software
useful for making documents, spreadsheets and presentation files.
OpenOffice Writer is very similar to MS Word. OpenOffice Calc is
similar to Excel. OpenOffice Impress is like MS Powerpoint.
OpenOffice works on both Windows and Ubuntu.
Using OpenOffice writer, you can type reports,
documents, edit them, format them well and save them in many document
formats - .odt, .html, .doc (.xls, .ppt) , .docx (.xlsx, .pptx) etc.
It also has an 'export to PDF' option for making PDF document with a
single click.
Department of Information Technology, Government of
India has recommended the ODF format used in OpenOffice/LibreOffice
as the standard for documents used in government.
<u>'''Copying
=== Activity 1 ===
<u>'''Purpose'''</u>
To
write a document using Open Office Writer
<u>'''Saving
<u>'''Process'''</u>
# [[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_279ff2d9.png]]Select '''Application > Office > OpenOffice.org Word Processor'''
# Type the following Passage into the Open Office Writer {| border="1" |- | '''What is Public Software''' Software developed for public service, and especially in government, has a unique context and objectives deriving from those of public service; with its imperative of providing public goods and ensuring equity and social justice. |}
# You can try the following option to format the text
## Bold the heading
## Make the heading centred
#
# Select Menu Option '''File > Save As '''to save the file, name the file About-Public-Software
# A file called ''About-Public-Software.odt'' will be created in your folder '''''Documents'''''.
=== Activity 2 ===
<u>'''Copying
<u>'''Purpose'''</u>
To
create a table in Open Office Word Processor
<u>'''Some
<u>'''Process'''</u>
[[http://rmsa.karnatakaeducation.org.in]]
# Select Application > Office > OpenOffice.org Word Processor
# Select Menu Option '''File''' > '''Open''' (Ctrl +O)
# Open File About-Public Software.odt
# [[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_m2a6f49db.png]]Select Menu Option '''Table > Insert >Table'''
# Insert a Table
# Select Columns = 3 Rows = 5 and Press Okay
# Enter the following data from the table below
# Save the file.
This
is how the table will look.
{| border="1"
|-
|
Questions
About Public Software
|
Number
of Participants who are aware
|
Number
of People not aware
|-
|
What
is Public Software
|
15
|
5
|-
|
What
is Open Office
|
12
|
8
|-
|
What
is Ubuntu
|
6
|
14
|-
|
What
is Computer Aided Learning
|
4
|
16
|}
=== Peer review using OpenOffice ===
For
peer review of our resources, it is very useful to use the 'record
changes' in OpenOffice. This helps us to make changes in a document
and also the changes can be automatically accepted '''WITHOUT'''
retyping the corrections. It saves a lot of time and also becomes a
digital record of peer review.
[[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_m49374103.png]]To
record changes, click on 'Edit – Changes' and check / tick the
Record option. The Show option should also be checked/ticked
Now
any correction or change or deletion in the document will be shown
separately in colour. The editor can make all changes in this way.
More than one person can make changes to same document. The name of
the editor will be shown when we move the cursor over the change.
When
the author receives the document, she can 'accept' or 'reject' each
change by right-clicking on the change. To accept all changes, author
can click on 'Edit – Changes – Accept or Reject' . See image
below.
''<u>Please use 'RECORD CHANGES' option to give your
feedback on documents shared by other teachers in the Subject
Teachers Forum, this makes sharing feedback and making required
changes easy/automatic.</u>''
=== Automatic Table of contents ===
OpenOffice
can help you create table of contents, with page numbers,
automatically.
To
do this, select / mark a heading in your document and then select the
'Heading 1' in top left corner in the formatting tool bar (usually
will be Text body or Default'). This will make that selected text, as
a 'Heading 1'. You can use Heading 2 for the next sub heading,
heading 3 for the next sub heading etc.
When
finished, you can go to the beginning of the document and click
'Insert – Indexes and Tables - Indexes and Tables' to insert a
Table of Contents.
[[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_789e625f.png]]If
you make any changes to the document headings, you can go to the
Table of Contents created, right click and select 'Update
Index/table'. See image above.
== Kannada in Edubuntu ==
<u>'''Writing
Kannada Documents'''</u>
* Thunderbird is a free, open-source, cross-platform application for managing email and news feeds. It is a local (rather than a web-based) email application that is powerful yet easy-to-use.
* Please use <u>only</u> UNICODE font - '''Lohit Kannada. '''It is already installed in Ubuntu, you have to install it in Windows.
* Thunderbird is free. Also, it gives you control and ownership over your e-mail.
* All nudi fonts are <u>not </u>unicode, and '''UNICODE''' is the international and universal open standard that is being used.
<u>'''Reading
Kannada Documents'''</u>
* If you are not able to read Kannada documents , it is because the font is not installed, you will have to install the font, see the frequently asked questions link in the last section.
{| border="1"
|-
|
Operating
System
|
Software
|
Font
|
Keyboard
Mapping
|-
|
Ubuntu
|
IBus
|
'''Unicode'''-
Lohit Kannada
|
Kn-kgp – Nudi
kn-itrans – Baraha
kn-Inscript-Kannada
Keyboard
|-
|
Windows
|
Nudi
|
ASCII - Nudi
Unicode-
Lohit Kannada, Tunga
|
Nudi
|}
Please
see the video 'Kannada typing using LibreOffice Writer' available in
the Resources CD.
We will be using a new method Ibus for making
Kannada documents. (In the previous versions we used SCIM). Below are
the steps to configure Ibus and use it.
# [[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_3976403.png]]Click on the power button
# Select '''Startup Applications'''
[[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_m2093ca5f.png]]
''Picture
1''
# A window as shown in the Picture 2 will open. Click on the Add button on the right panel. Another small window 'Add Startup Program' will open. Enter the following details. [[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_4ad57276.png]]
''Picture 2''
Name: IbusCommand : ibus-daemon (''Please note: enter everything here in small letters)'''''Comment : IBus Input method '''
''' Click on Add button.'''
# Open Firefox Browser on you system
# Click on the same power button and select '''System Settings.'''
# Go to [[www.gmail.com]]
# In the window that opens, select '''Language Support. '''A small window saying that '''not all languages are installed '''will appear. Select '''remind me later.''' [[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_4b1019e3.png]]
# Login to your account using your Gmail ID.
''Picture 3''
# In the Keyboard input method system, select ''''Ibus' '''from the drop down menu. And click on '''Close'''
# Restart the computer.
# Now when the computer restarts you'll see a small keyboard icon on the top panel as shown in the picture below [[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_m6eb18eb7.png]]
''Picture 4''
# Click on the keyboard icon and select '''Preferences''' [[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_5f67dbe9.png]]
''Picture 5''
# In the IBus preference window that opens, select the tab that says ''''Input Method'''' and Tick the '''customise active input method '''box.
# Click on the '''Select an Input Method '''list bar and Choose the language that you wish to create documents with. In our case, we will be selecting Kannada. The option Kannada will have 3 choices : Kn-kgp, Kn-itrans and Kn-inscript. Kn-kgp use nudi keyboard layout, Kn-itrans uses baraha or transliteration keyboard layout. Kn-inscript uses the standard typewriter keyboard. You can select any of them and click on the '''Add '''button. You could add more languages if you wish to.
# [[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_45d5a618.png]]
''Picture 6'' Now click on the '''keyboard '''icon on the top panel and select '''Restart'''.
# [[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_4f180d48.png]]Open an input window like LibreOffice Writer. Configure for typing in Kannada (Refer to page 17 in your module). Press Ctrl and space and start typing in Kannada. You can toggle between the first language in the list (in the picture shown, it is Kannada -itrans) and English using Ctrl and space keys. If you wish to choose any other language click on the keyboard icon on the top panel and select the language from the list. '' Kn-itrans method can be chosen if you need to use the transliteration key map (Baraha Style). Kn-kgp can be used to input method using the Kannada Ganaka parishat key-map (Nudi style). ''
Please
note that only Arkavattu works a little different here ( Eg to type
surya, we need to press sUrfy, instead of the usual sUyF).
=== Setting up Kannada Language in OpenOffice.org, Ubuntu and Windows ===
<u>'''First'''</u>
# Click on system → administration → Language support
# Choose scim-immodule in the input method box.
# Log off and login again to see the effects.
<u>'''Next,'''</u>
# Open OpenOffice.org Word processor by clicking on Application → Office → OpenOffice.org Word processor
# Click on Tools → Options → Language settings → Languages
# Check '''Enabled for Complex Text Layout(CTL)''' and Choose Kannada in '''Default languages for Documents (CTL)'''
# Click on OK
== Kannada Typing on Ubuntu in Kannada ==
<u> '''ಉಬುಂಟು
ವಿನಲ್ಲಿ ಕನ್ನಡ ಟೈಪ್ ಮಾಡುವ
ವಿಧಾನ '''</u><u>''':'''</u>
* ಕನ್ನಡ ಟೈಪ್ ಮಾಡಲು ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ ಫಾಂಟ್ ಗಳನ್ನೇ ಬಳಸಿರಿ,
'''''ಲೋಹಿತ್
ಕನ್ನಡ '''''ಒಂದು
ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ ಫಾಂಟ್.
ಇದು
'''ಉಬುಂಟು''' ವಿನಲ್ಲಿ
ಈಗಾಗಲೇ
ಪ್ರತಿಷ್ಠಾಪಿಸಲ್ಪಟ್ಟಿದೆ.
* ಎಲ್ಲಾ ನುಡಿ ಫಾಂಟ್ ಗಳು ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ ಫಾಂಟ್ ಗಳಲ್ಲ. '''<u>ಓಪನ್ ಆಫೀಸ್ ನಲ್ಲಿ ಕನ್ನಡಭಾಷೆಯನ್ನು ಅಣಿಗೊಳಿಸುವ ವಿಧಾನ</u>'''''':''' ಈ ಮುಂದೆ ಸೂಚಿಸುವಂತೆ ಕ್ಲಿಕ್ ಮಾಡುತ್ತಾ ಹೋಗಿರಿ.
* '''System > Administration > Language support.'''
* '''Input method''' ಬಾಕ್ಸ್ ನಲ್ಲಿ '''I-bus '''ನ್ನು ಆಯ್ಕೆ ಮಾಡಿರಿ.
* ಲಾಗ್ ಆಫ್ ಮಾಡಿ ಮತ್ತೆ ಲಾಗ್ ಇನ್ ಆಗಿರಿ.
* '''Application > Office > Open office.org''' ಮೂಲಕ '''Open office.org Word''' ಅಥವಾ '''Writer''' ಪುಟವನ್ನು ಆಯ್ಕೆ ಮಾಡಿರಿ.
* ನಂತರ '''Tools > options > Language setting '''ಗೆ ಹೋಗಿ ಅದರ ಎಡಭಾಗದ ಬಾಕ್ಸ್ ನಲ್ಲಿರುವ '''+''' ಅಥವಾ '''>''' ನ್ನು ಒತ್ತಿರಿ, ಒತ್ತಿದೊಡನೆ ಕೆಳಗೆ ಗೋಚರಿಸುವ '''Languages''' ನ್ನು ಕ್ಲಿಕ್ಕಿಸಿ.
* ನಂತರ ಬಲಭಾಗದಲ್ಲಿ ಗೋಚರಿಸುವ '''Enhanced Language support '''ನ ಕೆಳಕಾಣಿಸುವ '''Enabled for Complex Text Layout''' ನ್ನು ಟಿಕ್ ಮಾಡಿ, ನಂತರ ಮೇಲೆ ಕಾಣುವ '''CTL''' ನ ಎದುರಿರುವ ಜಾಗದ '''Default language''' ಜಾಗದಲ್ಲಿ '''kannada''' ಆಯ್ಕೆ ಮಾಡಿರಿ. '''OK''' ಮಾಡಿರಿ.
* '''Open office.org Word''' ಅಥವಾ '''Writer''' ಪುಟಕ್ಕೆ ವಾಪಾಸು ಬನ್ನಿರಿ. '''Ctrl + Space bar '''ಕೀ ಒತ್ತಿದಾಗ ಸ್ಕ್ರೀನ್ ನ ಬಲತುದಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಮೇಲೇಳುವ ಭಾಷೆಗಳ ಪಟ್ಟಿಯಲ್ಲಿ '''kannada'''ಕ್ಕೆ ಹೋಗಿ '''Kn-Kgp''' ಆಯ್ಕೆ ಮಾಡಿರಿ. '''ಆಗ ಕನ್ನಡ ಟೈಪ್ ಮಾಡಲು ಸಾಧ್ಯವಾಗುವುದು ''''''.'''ಅದೇ ಪುಟದಲ್ಲಿ ಮತ್ತೆ '''Ctrl + Space bar '''ಕೀ ಒತ್ತಿದಾಗ '''English''' ಟೈಪ್ ಮಾಡಬಹುದು. '''Ctrl + Space bar '''ಕೀ ಯನ್ನು ಇಚ್ಚಿತ ಭಾಷೆ ಆಯ್ಕೆಯ ಹೊಯ್ದಾಟದ ಕೀ ಯಂತೆ ಬಳಸಿರಿ. <u>'''ಕನ್ನಡ ಟೈಪ್ ಮಾಡಲು ಅಗತ್ಯವಾದ ಕೀಲಿ ಮಣೆ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ''''''.'''</u>
* [[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_5f57ca84.gif]]
CAPITAL ಅಕ್ಷರಗಳನ್ನು ಟೈಪಿಸಲು Shift ಅಥವಾ Caps Lock ಕೀ ಬಳಸಿರಿ. <u>'''ಒತ್ತಕ್ಷರಗಳನ್ನು ಟೈಪ್ ಮಾಡಲು ಸರಳ ವಿಧಾನ''''''.'''</u>
* ಅಕ್ಷರ ಟೈಪ್ ಮಾಡಿರಿ, ಅದಕ್ಕೆ ಕೊಡಬೇಕಾದ ಒತ್ತನ್ನು '''f''' ಕೀ ಒತ್ತಿದ ನಂತರ ಒತ್ತಿರಿ.
* ಉದಾ: ಉ '''ತ್ಕ '''ಟ = u '''t f k '''q. ಚೆ '''ಕ್''' = c e '''k f''' '''ಕೃ''' ತಿ = '''k R''' t I ಅ '''ರ್ಥ''' = a '''TF''' ರಾ'''ಷ್ಟ್ರ''' = r A '''x f q r ''' ಉ '''ತ್ಕೃ''' '''''ಷ್ಠ''''' = u '''t f k R''' '''''x f Q.'''''
= Web Resources =
In
order to access the internet, please open the web browser Mozilla
Firefox. Go to Applications – Internet – Mozilla Firefox.
To
search for any topic of your choice, type [[www]][[.google.co.in]]
in the address bar. If you already know the name of the website, you
can type it in the address bar. For example, our website is
[[http://rmsa.karnatakaeducation.org.in]].
(Please
you must click on his/her name.
make sure you are typing correctly; please do not make spelling
mistakes.). Please note: If you click on the 'kannada' option in the
above window, you can browse the web in Kannada.
[[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_m4d3196a.jpg]]
<u>'''Bookmarks'''</u>
If
you want to keep going to the same website again and again, you can
add it to your bookmarks. This is a shortcut which will help you go
to the site faster.
To
do this, please see the menu options on the top left corner of your
browser. There will be an option called book marks. Please click on
it and click on 'bookmark this page'. Next time when you open your
browser, you can click on bookmarks and select the website instead of
typing it out.
<u>'''Copying
the website address '''</u>
If
you want to give the link of the website in your resource book, just
highlight the text of the page (which is in your address bar). Copy
the link and paste it in your document.
<u>'''Saving
a web page '''</u>
If
you want to save the contents of a webpage on your machine, in the
menu bar click on File – Save as (this is similar to how you save a
document. The only difference is that the file will be saved in .html
format and will be opened using the Firefox browser.
<u>'''Copying
the contents of the webpage'''</u>
If
you would like to copy the contents of the webpage, go to Edit –
Select All. Right click on the page, Select copy and then paste it on
to the document.
<u>'''Some
useful websites: '''</u>
[[http://rmsa.karnatakaeducation.org.in]]
(RMSA's Subject teacher forums website where all your resources will
be available.
[[www.kn.wikipedia.org]]
(Kannada wikipedia)
[[www.wikipedia.org]]
(English Wikipedia)
[[www.khanacademy.org]]
(Teaching Learning Videos)
[[www.youtube.com]]
(All Videos)
[[Image:Resource%20Book%20for%20MRP%20Cascade%20training_html_m49bd3c42.png]][[Image:Resource%20Book%20for%20MRP%20Cascade%20training_html_44b32381.png]]
[[www.kanaja.com]]
[[www.gmail.com]]
[[http://books.google.co.in/]]
(Google
books. You can find many books here on any subject of your choice)
[[http://translate.google.com]]
[[http://kannada.changathi.com/]]
== Email and mailing list ==
=== How to create an email id ===
To
create an email id you can go to any of the following websites
[[www.gmail.com]]
[[www.yahoomail.com]]
[[www.rediffmail.com]]
This
handout will explain how to do this on [[www.gmail.com]]
On
the right side bottom of [[www.gmail.com]],
you will see the option 'Create a New Account'.
You
will have to fill the next page that appears page to fill. (The
picture on top is an example of the form that you have to fill.)
Please fill it carefully. Make sure that you write down your username
and password in a safe place so that you do not forget it.
The
following step on gmail usually asks you to fill in your mobile
number. Once you do that, you will get an sms with a number in it.
Enter the number and then you are done. Your e-mail id is ready!
<u>'''How
to email'''</u>
# Open Mozilla Firefox. Type [[www.gmail.com]] (or other site where your mail is) in the address bar.
# Enter your username and password CORRECTLY.
# To check your existing messages, go to Inbox.
# To compose a new message, go to 'Compose Mail'. These can be found on the left panel.
<u>'''The
Compose Mail Window'''</u>
The compose mail
window will look like this.
=== Making a mailing list ===
State
resource persons will give a list of the participants (after creating
their email ids). This list should include the following data:
# Name of participant
# Block
# District
# School
# Subject taught
# Classes taught
# Mobile Number
# Email Id
# Name of computer programme in the school
# Number of working computers
=== Making a Google Group ===
This
google group will help you keep in touch with all the participants
through email. All the participants email ids will be added to the
group and a group email list will be created. If you send a email to
this email list, it will go to all the teachers.
In
order to make a google group, please go here:
[[http://groups.google.com/]].
Click on the icon 'Create a group' . The next step is to put in your
username and password (please put same details as you put while
logging into your gmail).
Next
step is to fill the form below.
# Give a name for your group and create an email id (eg. [[bagalkotsciencestf@googlegroups.com]]).
# Put a small description of what your group is about.
to bring about maximum understanding of the subject using these tools
# [[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_7299073a.png]]Lastly tick the 'restricted' category so that only you can add members to the group.) After this, add all the participant email id in the next page and write an invitation message to welcome them to the group.Your google group is ready. To send all members a mail, please send it to [[bagalkotsciencestf@googlegroups.com]] (this is an example name).
== Thunderbird Mail Client ==
* Thunderbird is a free, open-source, cross-platform application for managing email and news feeds. It is a local (rather than a web-based) email application that is powerful yet easy-to-use.
* Thunderbird is free. Also, it gives you control and ownership over your e-mail.
=== Advantages of Using E-Mail Clients ===
* First, using an email client can be a tremendous time-saver if you have multiple email accounts.
* If you want to check for new messages across all of your email addresses, then that means that you will have to log in to several different sites.
* Once you download and set-up an e-mail client like Outlook or Thunderbird, it will download your mails across all of your accounts, so that you can access them all at one easy place.
* One of the greatest advantages of using an e-mail client is that they allow you work with your e-mails even when you are offline (which will be demonstrated).
* You can group your messages/mails into folders.
== 4.1 List of Tools and their usage ==
=== Configure Gmail on Thunderbird: ===
* [[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_5f61f6e9.png]]You can read your Gmail messages from a client or device that supports POP, like Microsoft Outlook or Mozilla Thunderbird.
* '''Enabling POP in Gmail''':
** Sign in to Gmail.
** Click the gear icon in the upper-right and select '''Mail settings''' at the top of any Gmail page.
** Click '''Forwarding and POP/IMAP'''.
** Select '''Enable POP for all mail''' or '''Enable POP for mail that arrives from now on'''.
*
== 4.2 Freemind ==
=== Adding Your Gmail Account to Thunderbird ===
# To add a new mail account in Thunderbird, follow the steps:
* When you open Thunderbird for the first time, you need to create a mail account (your existing e-mail account).
* Go to '''File → New → Mail Account'''.
* The '''Mail Account Setup '''box will appear and you need to enter your details (User name, password, e-mail ID etc) as shown:
* Click '''Continue '''after you enter your details. The server starts verifying the details to setup setup your account.
[[www.gnowledge.org]]
[[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_4c0e49b7.png]]
[[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_243ec58a.png]]
'''Edit > Edit a Long Node (Shortcut Alt +Enter)'''
* [[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_m793fa7ad.png]]Once the details are verified, click '''Create Account'''.
* Your account is now created and '''Thunderbird '''downloads your messages from the server.
'''Edit > New Child Node (Shortcut Insert)'''
<u>'''Filtering
Messages'''</u>
* Message filters are useful if you routinely want to perform certain actions on messages, according to criteria that you've specified.
* For instance, you can have incoming mail automatically sorted into different folders, with certain messages labelled, marked as Junk, or even deleted.
* Filters can be applied automatically to incoming mail, or you can run them manually when desired. (This will be demonstrated)
== 4.3 Science ==
=== Gtalk – Web based Video and Voice Chat ===
'''Simulating
'''Google
Talk'''
is an instant messaging service that provides both text and voice
communication. People use the Internet for instant messaging, voice &
video chatting etc.
* GTalk is an equipment through which you can interact with people.
* If you have an account with Google, i.e. a Gmail ID, then you can use GTalk to message, audio/video chat with people from anywhere in the world.
* You can save a lot of time and money using video conferencing.
* You can avoid travelling to distant places to participate in meetings.
* You may attend a meeting from your houses or offices.
to visualize the concepts better and therefore understand some of the
=== 4.3.1 PhET ===
==== Getting Started: ====
# Open Firefox Browser on you system
# Go to [[www.gmail.com]]
# Login to your account using your Gmail ID.
[[Image:Resource%20Book%20for%20MRP%20Cascade%20training_html_49e13d8a.png]]Please
[[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_17d267fa.gif]]
<u>'''Note:'''</u>
To use GTalk, one must have a google
account. If you do not have a Google account, then:
you do not need internet access.
* Go to [[www.gmail.com]]
* Click on the '''Create Account''' button in the top right corner of the window
* Enter the required details and create your account.
Once you login, you can see the list
of contacts on the right side of the window. There are some coloured
icons present in front of each of your contacts' names:
{| border="1"
|-
|
[[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_m543d97c2.png]]
|
The
person is available
[[Image:Resource%20Book%20for%20MRP%20Cascade%20training_html_m33ff9c37.png]][[Image:Resource%20Book%20for%20MRP%20Cascade%20training_html_m33ff9c37.png]]The
|-
|
[[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_532b39b1.png]]
|
The
person is busy
|-
|
[[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_43fc0024.png]]
|
The
person is idle
[[Image:Resource%20Book%20for%20MRP%20Cascade%20training_html_m2f6da76f.png]]
|-
|
[[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_727730b7.png]]
|
The
person is offline (or Not Available)
|}
If you do not have any contacts added
in your contacts list, then you can add one or more by entering their
e-mail id in the search bar just above the chat (as shown in the
screen shot).
[[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_m1f535609.png]]
To start a conversation with a person,
you must click on his/her name.
[[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_m2e910d43.png]]After
clicking on the persons name, you will get a small chat box on the
bottom right corner of the window (as shown in the screen-shot).
=== 4.3.2 Step ===
==== Instant Messaging: ====
* Click on the rectangular box to start typing your message.
* After you have entered your message, press “Enter” to send your message instantly.
* When you hit '''Enter''', the other person receives your message instantly.
==== Audio/Video Chatting: ====
* To start an audio chat, you will require a microphone.
* To start a video chat, you will require a web-camera.
To start an audio or video chat, you
will need to first install the Voice and Video chat plug-in.
==== Installing Voice and Video chat plug-in: ====
In the chat box, click on the phone or
the video symbol.
[[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_m49bd3c42.png]][[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_44b32381.png]]
* Click ''''Click Here'''' which appears in the chat box.
* You will get a separate confirmation box. Click on “'''Get Started'''”.
* You will be redirected to a separate page.
* Click on “'''Install Voice and Video Chat'''” which appears on the right side of your page.
[[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_3ddd880c.png]]
* Select your appropriate download package and click “Install voice and video chat”. It is usually the first one '32-bit .deb (For Debian/Ubuntu)
[[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_5f53f2b5.png]]
* The package will be downloaded.
* Right click on the downloaded file and select “Open with Ubuntu Software Center”.
* This will open up Ubuntu Software Center.
* Click “Install” which appears on the right side.
* This will install the plug-in for voice and video chat on Gtalk.
* This installation will take a while and this will install the features which are required for the audio and video chat.
* This will permanently install these features and you do not have to install them each time you want to start any audio/video chat.
* This is a one time installation!
= Computer Aided Educational Tools =
We are all witnessing widespread developments in IT
Education. More and more ICTs (Information Communication Technology)
are being used in almost all aspects of our lives. In our education
system all teaching-learning methods are witnessing a shift from
teacher centred teaching to a more learner centred one. The
possibility of making this shift is high by using computer aided
tools to bring to life abstract mathematics and science concepts.
National Curriculum Framework (NCF) 2005 talks of a
major shift in teaching education programme from passive reception to
active participation in learning. From learning within the four walls
of classrooms to learning in the wider social context. From knowledge
as “given” and fixed to knowledge as it evolves and is created.
From linear exposure to multiple and divergent exposure. Moving from
a teacher centred lecture driven classroom to more learner centred
classrooms. Using these computer aided tools as teaching-learning
aids will enable teachers to make these shifts suggested by the NCF
2005. The children will be able to construct their own knowledge
via hands on experimentation by using these computer tools. To enable
children to connect these learnings and utilize the tools to the best
possible extent, it is essential for subject teachers to facilitate
this learning experience.
It is therefore important for the teacher to understand
how to use these various tools and become confident users of the same
to bring about maximum understanding of the subject using these tools
as aids.
'''Integrating tool with classroom lessons'''
There is no one fixed solution that works for
integration of computer aided tool usage with classroom chalk-talk
lessons. It depends on the teacher, her students and the availability
of computers. If the students have access to the computer in groups
in the computer period, then one could follow the process outlined
below.
* Introduce the topic in the classroom with regular chalk and talk process
* Create an activity related to the topic to be done in the computer period in the lab.
* Discuss the topic and learning in the classroom again after the students have done the activity.
There may not be time available to cover each and every
topic in this manner. The teachers must use their judgement to plan
which topics they think are key or critical to integrate with the
tool.
== List of Tools and their usage ==
We give here some important tools and a brief
description of how to incorporate them into lessons.
== Freemind ==
[[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_m3b072ae4.png]]
<u>'''About
Freemind'''</u>
Freemind is primarily a tool for creating and editing
is the space for building the electronic circuits.
mind maps. It can be used by teachers to plan lessons, plan stories,
organize their academic year etc...
'''Oscilloscope: '''It
<u>'''Resources of mind maps available for teachers'''</u>
[[www.gnowledge.org]]
has many mind maps created for teaching various topics in many
subjects that can help you plan lessons and also get new ideas.
<u>'''How to Install Freemind'''</u>
[[Image:Resource%20Book%20for%20MRP%20Cascade%20training_html_c9a3ec1.png]]'''Automatic
Please see section on how to [[Install New Software]] in this document.
'''Manual : '''Select 'Manual' from the connection
[[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_m77fc7a7c.png]]<u>'''How
to use Freemind'''</u>
To Open from the desktop menu select '''Applications >
Office > Freemind'''
Once Freemind is open for Help select menu option Help >
Documentation
To create a mind map, first select the mode as '''Modes
> Mindmap (shortcut ALT+1) '''
then select '''FILE > NEW (shortcut Ctrl+N). '''You
'''To learn to make a basic
should see a screen as follows:
'''Process'''
To save select menu option '''FILE > SAVE AS ''' to
see the window below, select the folder
/home/bindu/Documents/ITFC/TCoL) to save file and also the name
(story) of the mind map.
'''Note: [./''' -
means current folder; '''.//'''
- means parent folder''']'''
To start writing the mind map use the following options
selecting from the menu option
'''Edit > Edit (Shortcut F2)'''
'''Edit > Edit a Long Node (Shortcut Alt +Enter)'''
'''Edit > New Child Node (Shortcut Insert)'''
[[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_m248a2ce9.png]]
== Science ==
'''Simulating
Experiments using a Computer Tool'''
Science is best learnt by doing and observing. When for
different reasons the students do not have access to physics
laboratory, making use of computer aided tools to simulate these
phenomenon provide students with a virtual laboratory. Using these
tools that simulate a science lab is useful to bring children closer
to visualize the concepts better and therefore understand some of the
complex and abstract phenomenon.
Audio visual aids played an important role to classroom
teaching and learning. But in the present context of constructivist
learning, interactive software becomes very relevant as it enables
children to construct their own experiments and observe the results.
=== PhET ===
'''Discussion Points'''
<u>'''How to install PhET'''</u>
[[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_49e13d8a.png]]
Please
see the section [[Additional Installation Guidelines]]
'''Purpose'''
PhET is a tool that has several science
simulations already built-in. There are simulations in Physics,
Chemistry and Biology. The power of this tool is that it is possible
to simulate experiments that are difficult to perform. It is also
very effective for analysing phenomena that occur. This is how the
PhET window looks. We will now click on the orange tab which says
“'''Play with sims....>'''”
[[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_154e3c60.png]]PhET
Opens in the Firefox Web Browser. When you install the Ubuntu public
software, PhET simulations are already downloaded on your machine, so
you do not need internet access.
<u>'''How
to open a simulation'''</u>
As
an example a simulation in Physics is shown below.
This
will open a page of simulations with an index on the left. Click on
Physics and Motion under Physics on the index. You will see all the
simulations listed here.
[[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_m2e8dce7f.png]]
Now
select '''Energy Skate Park''' .
This
simulation shows total energy is conserved and how Potential
Energy-Kinetic Energy conversion takes place.
When
the world maps and create activities to enhance the children's
we click on this simulation the application will prompt you to either
Open or Save it locally.
As
all files are already saved locally click on '''open''' to start the
simulation.
<u>'''Lesson
plan using a simulation
'''</u>The
simulation window will open which looks like this.
[[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_m33ff9c37.png]]
[[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_m33ff9c37.png]]The
simulation settings in more detail below.
* There is a track along which the skater can move.
* We can choose the skater; the mass.
* You can choose to add measuring tapes; this will help measure distance. If you mark the potential energy reference, you can see where the PE is zero. The grid will help plot the position.
* You can also choose to see the path – the points will be marked on the simulation as the skater goes back and forth. The display of KE, PE and total energy can be shown through a bar graph. The “pie chart” gives you the legend.
* You can also plot the energy changes with respect to time as well as position of the skater. One key parameter in the simulation is gravity.
* You can simulate this experiment on the moon, Earth or Jupiter. You can also simulate it in space. The value of “g” in the box will change when you click on these different options. Notice that gravity is given as N/Kg; what we refer here is acceleration due to gravity and has the units m/s<sup>2</sup>.
* We can also add track friction (not visible in this snapshot) and demonstrate what happens to the skater.
<u>'''Process'''</u>
* To explore a continent or country click on '''File > Open Map '''and select a country and click '''OK'''
* Now start the simulation; after adding the grid.
* [[Image:Resource%20Book%20for%20MRP%20Cascade%20training_html_325bfc6d.png]]Place mouse over the region in colour and left-click to view Name and Capital
* Add add the PE reference at 0 metres to be 0.
* Now we will click on the Bar Graph: This will show the changes between PE and KE. Notice that the thermal energy is zero.
* Energy Position Graph Energy-time graph. This will display the PE and KE with respect to position above the ground.
* The Energy Time Graph will show the PE and KE swings across time.
* Notice that in all these graphs the KE reaches zero; but the PE is never zero. The PE is never zero because we the lowest part of the track is still above the ground; we have defined the ground as the PE reference of zero. A snapshot of these graphs is given below.
[[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_m2f6da76f.png]]
[[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_m184d8985.png]]Now
we will look at what happens to the skater when you add track
friction and we plot all these graphs.
[[Image:Resource%20Book%20for%20MRP%20Cascade%20training_html_m43c5a353.png]]
This
is how the graph will look as the skater slows down due to friction
and the KE reduces to zero.
Now
the skater has come to rest and the KE has come to zero.
[[Image:Resource%20Book%20for%20MRP%20Cascade%20training_html_m738a9eb5.png]]
[[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_m6b8d0fc.png]]Now
you can reset the simulation and run it for different values of
acceleration due to gravity.
<u>'''Process'''</u>
<u>'''Questions
for discussion:'''</u>
What
do we mean by PE reference?
What
does change in PE mean with respect to the reference?
What
are the implications of adding friction?
Can
you connect this to the gravitational force of attraction?
== 4.5 Mathematics ==
=== Step ===
<u>'''About
STEP'''</u>
STEP
is an interactive tool for Physics; it can be used for simulating
complex interactions in mechanics.
<u>'''Installing Step '''</u>
Please see the [[Install New Software]] section to install it if it is not available on
your Ubuntu system. You will need to be connected to the internet for
this.
<u>'''Opening STEP'''</u>
On the desktop click
'''Applications '''>
'''Science''' > '''Step''' ''' OR''' ''' Applications '''>
'''Education'''> '''Step
'''
<u>'''About Geogebra '''</u>
<u>'''The
STEP Window'''</u>
This
is how the STEP window looks. The main components :
[[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_739ba204.jpg]]Palette
– which contains the objects, interactions and components
World Scene - where the objects interactions and
components are added to create the simulation
Properties Window – Where properties of objects from
the palette can be viewed and edited
History Window – Where the history of the simulation
is recorded
Simulate Button – To start and stop a simulation
<u>'''Installing Geogebra'''</u>
<u>'''Lesson Plan using a simulation'''</u>
'''Purpose'''
Learn to create a simulation in STEP. This activity will
simulate free fall of an object.
<u>'''Process'''</u>
'''Menu Bar: '''Typical
* Click on a '''Disk''' in the palette window and then click on the world scene to add the object
* Once an object has been added, an interaction can be added to the object
* Click on '''Weight Force '''in the palette window and then click on the disk in the world scene . A red line will appear indicating that the interaction has been added.
* Now click on '''Simulate''' to view the simulation.
* To restore the objects to their original position click on '''undo '''
* Observe the disk properties in the properties window and discuss
'''Graphic View: '''Used
[[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_m53f01d9a.png]]<u>'''To
save a simulation in STEP ''', </u>
'''Algebra View: '''Shows
* go to menu item '''File -> Save As'''
the algebraic expressions. This window can be closed if you are
* All files will be saved with the extension “step”.
* Once you save a simulation, you can simply open a simulation and demonstrate.
=== K Tech Lab ===
'''Commands: '''To
<u>'''About
K Tech Lab'''</u>
K
Tech Lab is a free software which helps to make different types of
circuits (electronic & electrical) and conduct experiments.
Various electronic components like resistor, diode, switch,
transistor, micro controllers etc. can be run using this software.
Since it works in GUI mode, it is very easy to handle. The components
required for electric circuits can be easily dragged into the work
area using a mouse. When we join the pins using mouse, the circuit is
formed. The properties of each component is displayed when bring the
pointer above it. Students are not able to do some experiments which
involve real devices and consumables, even in groups. But these
experiments can be done in KTech Lab environment. Thus loss due to
the damages and lack of consumables can be avoided. Using this
software students can easily form the circuits and can repeat the
experiments a number of times.
<u>'''How
to Install K Tech Lab'''</u>
[[Image:Resource%20Book%20for%20MRP%20Cascade%20training_html_m2e9355f9.png]]To
* You will require Internet connections
* Go to [[http://sourceforge.net/projects/ktechlab/]]
* Click on the green download button and click save.
* The file ktechlab_0.3-6_i386.deb will be downloaded.
* Go to Ubuntu Menu '''Places > Home Folder'''
* Select Downloads folder
* Double click on ktechlab_0.3-6_i386.deb, the software will be installed
<u>'''Introduction to K
Tech Lab Interface'''</u>
First in the File Menu Option Select '''File > New
'''and Select '''Circuit '''as shown below
[[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_mf5bdd8d.png]][[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_55b073f9.png]]
[[Image:Resource%20Book%20for%20MRP%20Cascade%20training_html_m1b350d49.png]]'''Graphic
<u>'''K Tech Lab Window'''</u>
[[Image:Resource%20Book%20for%20MRP%20Cascade%20training_html_6308ecb2.png]]
[[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_m70144323.png]]
'''Component Tab '''
This tab contains different electronic components that
can be used in K Tech Lab. It includes various electrical components,
discrete components, switches, output devices, logic components,
connection, Integrated Chips etc.
'''Sources : '''This
section contains various voltages, current sources.
'''Discrete : '''Resistors,
Condensers, Diodes, transistors etc. are available here.
'''Outputs : '''Output
components such as LED, Signal Lamp, devices like Voltmeter, Ammeter,
Oscilloscope etc. are arranged in this section.
'''Work Area: '''This
is the space for building the electronic circuits.
'''Oscilloscope: '''It
helps to recognise the signals with wave form in graphical mode.
'''All components can be dragged and dropped in the Work
Area to create a circuit.'''
To connect the components to make a circuit select
either 'Automatic' or 'Manual' as shown below. Please use Automatic
as a beginner.
'''Hint
[[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_c9a3ec1.png]]'''Automatic
: '''Select 'Automatic' from the connection routing mode in the
toolbar. The pointer changes its shape when brought to the lead of
the component to be connected. The drag and reach near the lead of
the other component. The colour of the line changes and the
connection is completed when the mouse is released.
'''Manual : '''Select 'Manual' from the connection
routing mode in the toolbar. To connect the leads of the electronic
components in this mode, bring the mouse pointer near the first lead.
The mouse pointer changes, then click at the point and drag in the
'''Constructive
direction we require. To have a bend
in the circuit click and move the mouse according to our
need. When we reach the next lead the colour of the line changes,
then click and complete the connection.
'''To change the orientation of the electronic
components: '''Right click on the
component, which is in the work area, and then change the orientation
of that electronic component as required.
<u>'''Activity 1: Basic Circuit '''</u>
[[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_m415796e9.png]]'''Purpose:
'''To learn to make a basic
circuit with battery, switch, signal lamp and voltmeter
'''Process'''
# Drag and Drop a a battery, switch (SPST) and a signal lamp in the work area.
# Use 'Automatic' connection and the mouse to connect the circuits as shown below.
# Click on the switch to see the lamp glow.
# Add a voltmeter and observe the reading when the switch is turned off versus on.
# Save a K Tech Lab Circuit file
[[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_3905cb44.png]]'''Save
File : '''Select '''File >
Save '''and enter file name
'''Activity_1 '''and save
the file. It will save with a .Circuit extension. Click on '''Save'''
To demonstrate the different types of polygons .
To open a file select '''File > Open '''and select
file to open
'''Discussion Points'''
* Discuss this with reference to a torch.
* [[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_439f8339.png]]Discuss what happens when the circuit is broken (switch is off), so children understand that a switch breaks a circuit.
<u>'''Activity 2: Cells in Series/Parallel'''</u>
'''Purpose: '''To
connect cells in series and observe the voltmeter and ammeter
readings readings
'''Process'''
# Drag and Drop 3batteries, switch (SPST), a signal lamp and voltmeter as shown in the figures in the work area.
# [[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_m54db48a4.png]]Use 'Automatic' connection and the mouse to connect the circuits as shown below, first the cells in series, then the cells in parallel.
# Click on the switch to see the lamp glow.
# Observe the reading of the voltmeter when the switch is turned off/on versus on.
# Save the file as Activity_2
'''Discussion Points'''
* You may discuss what happens to the current and voltage (potential difference) when connected in series .
* Compare water flowing through a pipe, and current flowing through the circuit and see if it can be explained this way.
<u>'''Activity 3 Ohms Law Verification'''</u>
'''Purpose'''
To verify Ohms Law
'''Process'''
# [[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_5e9678ce.png]]Drag and Drop a batteries, switch (SPST), an ammeter and voltmeter as shown in the figure here.
# Use 'Automatic' connection and the mouse to connect the circuits as shown below.
# Click on the switch and record the voltmeter and ammeter readings
# Click on the resistor and change the value of the resistance and record the readings of the meters.
# Click on the battery and change the voltage of the battery.
# Record the different readings.
# '''Save the file as Activity_3'''
== Social Science ==
=== KGeography ===
<u>'''About KGeography'''</u>
KGeography is a Geography educational tool that allows
you to explore maps by continents, countries. Children can explore
states, their capitals, flags etc of each country.
<u>'''Purpose'''</u>
In an interactive and fun way allow children to explore
the world maps and create activities to enhance the children's
knowledge about a specific continent, country or state. Can introduce
children to concept of direction (north south east west), routes
etc...
<u>'''How to Install KGeography'''</u>
Please see section on how to [[Install New Software]] in this document.
<u>'''Activity 1: To open and use the basic Explore Map
option.'''</u>
[[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_4f980be1.jpg]]
* To explore a continent or country click on '''File > Open Map '''and select a country and click '''OK'''
* [[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_325bfc6d.png]]Place mouse over the region in colour and left-click to view Name and Capital
* What is the minimum number of points you need to define to make a polygon.
* Ask the students to try and recognise more properties in each polygon.
<u>'''Computer Lab Activity Ideas:'''</u>
<u>'''Activity 6 (Explain different terms related to
<u>'''Purpose'''</u>
# First explore India, and all the states and capital
# Point out the islands of India and talk about what islands are.
# Explore North South East West directions
# [[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_m2a41030b.png]]Talk about what a capital of the state means, also talk about the capital of the country.
# Ask if someone has to travel from place A to B (Bangalore, Karnataka to Puri, Orrisa) what states they need to pass and which direction they need to travel.
# Identify the smallest and largest states
# What states are called the “Seven Sisters”. What is Karnataka called ?
<u>'''Activity 2 : Test yourself'''</u>
To enable understanding of different terms and
* To test yourself , select any tab ('''Location of States and Territories''') in '''Test Yourself''' as seen in image in previous page.
* The window below will appear, select the number of questions (1 to 35) and select OK
* The question will appear on the left hand panel
* [[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_53f83736.jpg]]When all questions are completed the results are shown below. Each state is marked by a distinct colour and the result shows the correct answer and what the user marked.
=== Marble ===
Marble
is like a desktop Atlas that you can use to learn more about Earth.
You can zoom in and out looking at different places in the world.
There are different thematic map here: A classroom-style ''topographic
map'', a ''satellite view'', ''street map'', ''earth at
''''night'' and ''temperature and precipitation ''''maps''.
All maps include a custom map key, so it can also be used as an
educational tool for use in class-rooms. For educational purposes you
can also change date and time and watch how the starry sky and the
twilight zone on the map change. Not only do you get globe view, but
you can change it to a Flat Map as well.
<u>'''How
to install'''</u>
<u>'''Process''' </u>
* Go to system – Administration – Synaptic Package Manager.
* Type Marble in the search bar.
* It will usually be the first option that you get. Right-click – Click on Mark for Installation.
* Click on Apply
* Once this is complete, Marble will be available in Applications – Education – Marble.
[[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_493be2bd.png]]<u>'''How
to Measure Distances'''</u>
To
measure the distances between two places on the earth, right click on
the first location and click on “add to measure”. Click on the
second location.
* A red line is drawn between the two locations and the distance can be seen on the top left corner in a box.
* How to Set the time
* You can change the time to whatever you like on Marble. Go to View – Sun Control
* Use this window to play around with the time
[[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_m43c5a353.png]]
* How to Download new maps
* Go to file – Download Maps. Click “install” on the maps you want to download. (you need to be connected to the Internet for this). For more information on how to use Marble, please click [[http://docs.kde.org/development/en/kdeedu/marble/]]
=== KStars ===
<u>'''About
KStars'''</u>
KStars is a Desktop Planetarium for KDE. It provides an
accurate graphical simulation of the night sky, from any location on
Earth, at any date and time. The display includes upto 100 million
stars, 13,000 deep-sky objects,all 8 planets, the Sun and Moon, and
thousands of comets and asteroids.
To access KStars click on '''Applications > Science>
Kstars'''
[[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_m3916dc4.png]]<u>'''Activity
1 Solar Eclipse '''</u>
<u>'''Purpose '''</u>
To view the solar eclipse as seen in Bangalore on
January 15<sup>th</sup> 2010.
<u>'''Process'''</u>
# Set the location as Bangalore by selecting file menu option '''Settings > Geographic''' or pressing '''Ctrl+G'''
# Select Bangalore, India as the location.
[[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_5aed9dc2.png]]
# Draw a circle using the '''circle with centre through point''' tool.
# Set the time by selecting file menu option '''Time > Set Time '''or pressing '''Ctrl+S'''
[[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_m738a9eb5.png]]
# Press '''Ctrl+F and find the sun on the map.'''
[[Image:Resource%20Book%20for%20MRP%20Cascade%20training_html_4f708185.png]]
[[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_b0b522a.png]]
# Press the play/Pause button to start the simulation, and keep the time at 10seconds [[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_m13abc4e6.png]]
<u>'''Activity 3 : Using the commands from activity 1 &
<u>'''Activity 2 Solar System '''</u>
2 discuss how a CIRCLE may be created. '''</u>
<u>'''Investigation: '''</u>
<u>'''Purpose'''</u>
View the solar system. And see the revolution of the
planets around the sun.
<u>'''Process'''</u>
# Set the location as Bangalore by selecting file menu option '''Tools > Solar System '''or pressing '''Ctrl+Y'''
# Press '''Play''' button to simulate the movements of the planets
# Use the scale to place an orbit of any planet at 0 , when the planet is at position 0, note the clock measure and stop the clock when it comes back to zero position to measure how long the planet takes to complete one revolution.
[[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_7e52d523.png]]
== Mathematics ==
=== Geogebra ===
'''Introduction to Drawing in Geometry'''
In many of our schools we are seeing children struggling
to grasp mathematics concepts. Sometimes explaining concepts such as
point, line, plane, chord, radius become very vague for children and
hence prevents them from grasping the concepts completely and hence
they struggle to progress in the subject.
There are many new methods that are being adopted to
make concepts less abstract in mathematics like using pictures,
cutting shapes out of cardboard etc... Often these aids are very time
consuming. IT based tools allow us to easily manipulate drawings and
allow children hands-on experience and visual stimulation to make
mathematics come alive and be less vague.
Geogebra is a good example of a computer aided tool,
which helps us in learning Geometry, Algebra and Calculus. It is a
free software, which functions in GNU Linux Operating System.
Geogebra <u>cannot</u>
replace children using the compass box to draw. The children in
classes <u>must </u> use
the compass box and pencils to draw and construct. This tool must be
used by teachers to animate some concepts and theorems to enable them
to use it as a teaching aid to further their own teaching
methodologies.
<u>'''About Geogebra '''</u>
Geogebra is dynamic mathematics computer aided tool for
schools that combines '''geometry''', '''algebra''', and '''calculus'''.
One part of Geogebra is an interactive geometry system.
You can do constructions with points, line segments, parallel lines,
line intersections, polygons, circles and more.
Another part of Geogebra allows you to enter equations
and coordinates directly. Thus, Geogebra has the ability to deal with
variables for numbers, vectors, and points.
You can also see the algebraic expressions of the
figures you draw and change the values in algebraic expressions to
dynamically see the change in the geometry figure and vice-versa.
<u>'''Opening Geogebra'''</u>
[[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_m5bfc5045.gif]]On
the desktop click '''Applications '''> '''Science''' >
'''Geogebra or Applications '''> '''Education'''> '''Geogebra.'''
<u>'''Installing Geogebra'''</u>
Please see the [[Install New Software]] section to install it if it is not available on
your Ubuntu system. You will need to be connected to the internet for
this.
<u>'''The Geogebra Window'''</u>
The figure shows the default Geogebra Window. The
details of each section are explained below.
'''Menu Bar: '''Typical
windows command menu bar. We will be using the '''File '''command
only.
'''Tool Bar: ''' Has
all the tools (compass box) to use in the graphic view
'''Display for Tools: '''It
tells you which tool is active to use on the graphic view
'''Graphic View: '''Used
to draw the geometric figures. This window can never be closed.
'''Algebra View: '''Shows
the algebraic expressions. This window can be closed if you are
working only on geometry.
'''Input Bar: '''This
is used to enter more complex mathematical expressions that may not
be available on the Tool
Bar. (''Not used in this
training session'')
'''Commands: '''To
use along with the Input Bar, to select from a list of available
commands. (''Not used in
this training session'')
'''Tool Bar'''
[[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_48e11462.png]]We
can consider the Tool Bar to be like a compass box. Today we will
consider the Geogebra tools that correspond to using a pencil, a
ruler and a compass in a compass box.
[[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_m2e9355f9.png]]To
see the list of related tools , click on the arrow at the bottom
right hand corner of each tool as shown below.
<u>'''Basic Use of Tools (Refer to above diagram, left)'''</u>
* Activate a tool by clicking on the button showing the corresponding icon.
* Open a toolbox by clicking on the lower part of a button and select another tool from this toolbox.
[[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_m1b350d49.png]]'''Graphic
Window with Grids Displayed (Refer to above diagram,right)'''
* On the top-right corner, we can see two scale widgets, labelled as “Video Quality” and “Sound Quality”. These control the quality of the encoded file (bitrate) and not that of capturing.
* Place the mouse pointer over the '''graphic ''''''view '''area. Right Click and check the Grid option. To remove the grid view, un-check the option. See diagram below.
<u>'''Activity
1: Drawing pictures with Geogebra '''</u>
<u>'''Purpose: '''</u>To
familiarize oneself with the Geogebra window and some of the basic
geometry tools.
<u>'''Process'''</u>
Use the mouse and the following selection of tools in
order to draw figures on the drawing pad.
Start
by drawing the following : [ '''A
Point, A Line Segment, A Square, A House, A Circle]'''
[[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_6308ecb2.png]]
{| border="1"
|-
|
'''Hint
Box'''
|-
|
* Observe the Algebra View
* Geogebra is '''''case sensitive '''''and uses mathematical naming norms
* If you move the cursor close to the grid intersection, it will show you the point of the intersection and you can click to place the object at the intersection coordinates
* Use the '''move '''icon to move the figure you have drawn and observe the algebra window
* You can also move the labels to make the diagram more readable
|}
<u>'''Activity
2 : Saving/Opening Geogebra files '''</u>
<u>'''Purpose'''</u>
Save
and retrieve Geogebra Files.
<u>'''Process'''</u>
# Open the File menu (Menu Bar) and select '''Save'''.
# [[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_m18ab2ba9.gif]]Select the folder '''Your''' '''Name > Workshop > Geogebra''' in the pop-up dialogue window.
# Type in a name for your Geogebra file.
# Click the '''Save''' button to save the file.
To
Open an existing Geogebra file select menu '''File > Open. '''A
Open Window (just like the save window) pops up. Select the folder
that you had saved the file and look for the file with extension
'.ggb' in the box on the left side and click '''Open.'''
==== 4.6.3.2 Performance ====
{| border="1"
|-
|
Hint
Box
|-
|
* A file with the extension '''‘.ggb'''’ is created. This file extension can only be opened with Geogebra.
* Give simple short names for your files like '''Activity_1.ggb'''.
|}
<u>'''Activity
3 (Measurement)'''</u>
[[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_774a7366.png]]<u>'''Purpose'''</u>
To
learn to use the measurement tools '''Angle ''' and '''Distance and
Length.'''
<u>'''Process'''</u>
# Open file 'Activity_1.ggb'.
# To measure select the tools from the Angle toolbar. Use these tools to measure the following
## Measure the Length of the Line Segment '''(Distance or Length)'''
## Measure the Angles of the Square ('''Angle)'''
## Measure the Circumference of the circle ('''Distance or Length''')
#
{| border="1"
|-
|
'''Hint
Box'''
|-
|
* When you select an object on the graphics window, it gets highlighted.
* You can right click on any object, select properties and can change properties such as colour, what to display : Name, Value etc... (See Diagram Below)
* To measure interior angles, the three points must be selected clock-wise , so the middle point selected is where the angle is measured.
|}
<u>'''Activity
4 Triangles '''</u>
<u>'''Purpose '''</u>
To verify that the sum of the interior angles of a
triangle are 180 degrees.
<u>'''Process'''</u>
# Draw three points A, B, C ('''New Point '''tool)
# Draw three line segments AB, AC, BC ('''Segment between two points''' tool)
# Select the '''Angle '''tool to measure each of the interior angles of the triangle.
# Now verify that the sum of all the interior angles equals to 180 degrees.
# Select one of the vertices of the triangle (A,B or C) and move the points ('''Move '''tool) to change the shape of the triangles.
[[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_6bf5084f.png]]
{| border="1"
{| border="1"
|-
|-
|
|
'''Hint
Box'''
|-
|
* Remember to save the file as 'Activity_4.ggb'
* Notice which objects are free objects and which objects are dependent objects. You can move only free objects
|}
{| border="1"
|-
|
'''Constructive
Corner'''
|-
|
* You may make the children do this exercise before you prove the theorem in class, allowing the children to arrive at the theorem themselves.
* Observe what happens when you move all three points A,B,C to lie on a straight line.
* Creating tables like the one below and asking them to write down the values, would help them focus on what to observe.
{| border="1"
|-
|
Angle BAC
|
Angle CBA
|
Angle ACB
|
Sum of all Angles
|-
|
|
|
|
|}
|}
<u>'''Activity 5 (Explain different types of polygons)'''</u>
<u>'''Purpose'''</u>
To demonstrate the different types of polygons .
<u>'''Process'''</u>
# Create a slider by clicking on the '''Slider t'''ool [[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_7d501021.png]]
# Select Radio Button: Number, Name: '''a''', min: '''3''', max:'''10''', Increment: '''1 '''and press '''''Apply.'''''
[[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_61634954.png]]
# [[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_55c8b87c.png]]Select the tool '''Regular Polygon '''and mark the two points A and B of one side of the polygon on the drawing pad. You will be prompted with a window as shown. Please put the '''slider name “a” '''in the box provided and press '''''OK.'''''
# Select the '''Insert Text '''tool and write the text: ''A polygon with three sides is called a TRAINGLE'' as shown in the figure along-side and press OK. [[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_m54a4f415.png]]
# Right click on the text created and select object properties. Click the A'''dvanced''' tab. Enter '''a=3 '''in '''Condition to Show Object '''and press OK.
# Repeat steps 4 and 5 for as many polygons 7 more times to show up to 10 sided polygon.
# Select the '''move tool''' and demonstrate the different polygons.
[[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_7be60ac8.png]]
{| border="1"
|-
|
'''Constructive
Corner'''
* Click on “Select Window” in the main window (or) click on the red button on top panel and select “Show/hide Main Window”. This will hide the main window of RecordMyDesktop.
|-
* To make the main window visible again, select the same option.
|
* What is the minimum number of points you need to define to make a polygon.
* What is a regular polygon (All Sides are equal)
* Ask the students to try and recognise more properties in each polygon.
|}
<u>'''Activity 6 (Explain different terms related to
circle)'''</u>
<u>'''Purpose'''</u>
To enable understanding of different terms and
definitions related to a circle.
'''<u>Circle: </u>'''The
collection of all the points in a plane, which are at a fixed
distance from a fixed point in the plane, is called a circle. The
fixed point is called the '''centre'''
of the circle and the fixed distance is called the '''radius
'''of the circle.
<u>'''Process''' </u>
# Draw a Circle using the '''circle with centre through point''' tool
# Draw multiple line segments using the '''line Segment tool '''where one point is on the circle centre and the other point anywhere on the circumference of the circle.
# Observe the value of the line segments.
A circle divides the plane on which it lies into three
parts. They are: (i) inside the circle, which is also called the
'''interior of the circle'''; (ii)''' the circle''' and (iii)
'''outside the circle''', which is also called the exterior of the
circle. The circle and its interior make up the circular region.
<u>'''Process'''</u>
# Draw a Circle using the '''circle with centre through point''' tool.
# Select the circle, right click and select '''object properties'''.
# Select the '''colour tab '''in the object properties window and choose a colour
# Select the '''style tab '''in the object properties window and change the line thickness and filling values.
# Then explain the three parts described above.
[[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_6dd3dc69.png]][[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_1ae59b43.png]]
'''Chord: '''If you
take two points P and Q on a circle, then the line segment PQ is
called a chord of the circle. The chord, which passes through the
centre of the circle, is called a '''diameter'''
of the circle. A '''diameter'''
is '''the longest chord'''
and '''all diameters have the same length''',
which is '''equal to two times that of the radius '''.
<u>'''Process'''</u>
# Draw a circle using the '''circle with centre through point''' tool.
# Draw many chords for the circle using the '''line segment '''tool that <u>do not </u>pass through the centre of the circle.
# Draw multiple chords of the circle using the '''line segment '''tool that pass through the centre of the circle (Diameter).
# Draw a line segment that represents the radius of the circle.
# Then explain the three parts described above.
=== 5.1.5 Installation ===
=== KTurtle ===
<u>'''About Kturtle'''</u>
Kturtle is a tool to understand basic concepts of
the option '''install - start the installer
programming in computers. The commands are simple and can be
visualized by children and hence understood easily. It can be seen as
giving instructions to a robot (the turtle) and making the turtle “do
what you want it to do”.
<u>'''Purpose:'''</u>
Introduce children to the basic idea of programming and
the generic logic constructs. Can make the concept of computer
programming less intimidating for both teacher and student. In
today's digital world, mathematics education may be seen as may
areas of learning coming together. These parts are conceptual
understanding of the mathematics , using the algorithms to
internalize and apply the conceptual understanding pattern
recognition and logical reasoning especially to understand theorems
and proofs. K Turtle helps teachers build logical reasoning and
pattern recognition with children. As it is visual, many geometric
properties can also be understood through the use of K Turtle, like
making the turtle draw a square requires the child to understand the
properties of a square. Thus it is very useful to teach logical
reasoning side by side with mathematics. This tool provides a
interactive and easy method to do the same with children starting in
the upper primary classes.
<u>'''Activity 1'''</u>
[[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_4f708185.png]]
Open application '''Applications > Education >
Kturtle '''and introduce the user to the following windows, '''editor
'''and '''canvas'''.
Editor : Space for entering the commands, please note
the different colours that are used for keywords (blue) and the
quantities (red) etc...
Canvas: Is see the turtle in action when the command
being executed.
Now introduce four simple commands '''reset ,forward,
backward, turnleft, turnright'''
'''Reset :'''Clears the canvas and the turtle is
positioned in the center of the canvas facing forward.
'''Forward <Number of pixels) : '''Turtle
moves forward by the number of pixels specified
'''Backward <Number of pixels) : '''Turtle moves
backward by the number of pixels specified
'''turnleft <Number of Degrees>: '''Turtle turns
left (anti clockwise) by the number of degrees specified
'''turnright <Number of Degrees>: '''Turtle turns
right (clockwise) by the number of degrees specified
'''Note: ''' You can also go to menu option '''Tools >
Direction Chooser.'''
<u>'''Type the following commands in the Editor window: '''</u>
[[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_m7ea45336.png]]Reset
forward 100
turnright 90
backward 100
turnleft 90
forward 50
Do the following:
1. Click Save As Save the
[[Image:Resource%20Book%20for%20MRP%20Cascade%20training_html_2e3c45d1.png]]
<u>'''Activity 2 : Using the commands from activity 1
create a Square '''</u>
Reset
Forward 100
Turnright 90
Forward 100
Turnright 90
Forward 100
Turnright 90
Forward 100
Turnright 90
<u>'''Investigation'''</u>
Talk about repeated
commands and what they think should be done and lead them to the
command '''Repeat <No of Times > { <List of Commands}'''
Redo Square program as
{| border="1"
|-
|
Reset
Repeat 4 {
forward 100
turnright 90
}
|}
<u>'''Activity 3 : Using the commands from activity 1 &
2 discuss how a CIRCLE may be created. '''</u>
<u>'''Investigation: '''</u>
# What is the definition of a circle really.
# What is the relationship between the number of times the command is repeated and the command that is within the repeat loop.
# Can we change the numbers, what happens
{| border="1"
|-
|
Reset
Repeat 36 {
forward 10
turnright 10
}
|}
''Table 1: Circle Program''
<u>'''Activity 4 Bringing some colour to the canvas.'''</u>
Introduce the following commands , can also go to menu
'''Tools > Color Picker ''' for selecting colour
[[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_m1444cc7.png]]
'''canvascolor <Amount of Red>, <Amount of
Green>, <Amount of Blue> : '''Changes
the colour of the canvas
'''pencolor <Amount of Red>, <Amount of Green>,
<Amount of Blue> : '''Changes
the colour of the pen
(pencolor 0,0,0 is black)
'''penwidth <thickness of the pen)'''
<u>'''Investigation'''</u>
Learn the concepts of colour mixing with the primary
colours red, green and blue
<u>'''Activity 5 : '''</u>
Create a flower or some Rangoli Pattern as shown below
or any other pattern they come up with
[[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_14df09e5.png]]
{| border="1"
|-
|
reset
canvascolor 255, 115, 119
pencolor 0,0,0
penwidth 3
repeat 4 {
turnright 45
forward 200
turnright 45
backward 100
}
|}
[[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_35b61add.png]]
{| border="1"
|-
|
reset
canvascolor 255, 115, 119
pencolor 0,0,0
penwidth 3
repeat 12 {
repeat 36 {
forward 10
turnright 10
}
turnright 30
}
|}
== Record My Desktop – A tool to record the desktop ==
* It is a free and open source screen-casting software.
* It is a desktop session recorder for GNU/Linux.
=== Launching the Application ===
[[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_7df210a.gif]]
<u>'''Note:'''</u>
If you do not have RecordMyDesktop in
Sound & Video, you have to install it using Ubuntu Software
Center.
* Go to Applications → Ubuntu Software Center.
* On the top right corner, type “RecordMyDesktop” in the search.
* Click on it and select Install.
* This process shall take some time and upon completion, RecordMyDesktop will appear under Sound & Video.
=== The Main Window ===
* Once the application is launched, the main window of RecordMyDesktop appears (as shown in the screen shot).
[[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_16c44a7a.png]]
* On the top-right corner, we can see two scale widgets, labelled as “Video Quality” and “Sound Quality”. These control the quality of the encoded file (bitrate) and not that of capturing.
*
*
* Beneath the video and sound quality settings, there is a large button named “'''Advanced'''”. Clicking that will bring a new window, that will allow you to set a vast number of options, and fine tune the behaviour of the program.
=== Advanced Settings ===
All
options in this window are applied when you close it. If you start a
recording and the “advanced” window is open, it will close itself
and any changes you've made will immediately be applied to your
current session.
==== Files ====
[[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_m74c3524.png]]
==== Performance ====
{| border="1"
|-
|
|}
==== Sound ====
[[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_m3f02ceb7.png]]
==== Misc ====
[[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_4a8000fa.png]]
=== Using RecordMyDesktop ===
Upon
launching RecordMyDesktop, a small red button appears on the top
panel of your desktop using which we can start, pause and stop the
recording.
[[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_m617b546f.png]]
=== Start the recording ===
* To start the recording, click on “Record” in the main window (or) click on the red button and select “record”.
* This will create a window along your desktop border indicating the recording has started.
* [[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_m7f200d0.png]]The red button will now be like a square button.
* During recording,you can pause the recording by clicking on the red button and selecting “pause”.
* This will pause the recording and there will be two vertical parallel lines on the top panel indicating the recording has been paused.
* To resume the recording again, click on the parallel lines and select “continue recording”.
=== Stop the recording ===
* To stop the recording, click on the red button select “stop”.
* This will stop the recording and a new window will appear called “record my desktop encoder”.
* This will take some time and prepare your video to be viewed.
[[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_7cc71dff.gif]]
<u>'''Note:'''</u>
* Do not press “cancel” when your video is being encoded.
* If you do so, the recording will not be encoded and the video cannot be viewed.
=== Other Options ===
==== Show/Hide Main Window ====
* Click on “Select Window” in the main window (or) click on the red button on top panel and select “Show/hide Main Window”. This will hide the main window of RecordMyDesktop.
* To make the main window visible again, select the same option.
==== Select Area On Screen ====
* To record a specific area of your screen, select the option “Select Area On Screen”.
* Use your mouse by dragging it to select the area you want to record.
==== About ====
* Click on the red button on top panel and select “About”.
* A small window will appear giving information about RecordMyDesktop.
==== Quit ====
* To close the RecordMyDesktop application, click on “quit” in the main window (or) select the “quit” option under the red button options.
= Installation of Ubuntu =
=== Preface ===
This section will help you to understand the following:
* ''What is Edubuntu?''
* ''What are the requirements to setup Edubuntu?''
* ''How to install it?''
* ''How does it work?''
* ''Other configurations on Edubuntu (OpenOffice, Kannada setup etc)''
=== What is Edubuntu? ===
''''' Edubuntu, '''''is
the '''Ubuntu
Education Edition '''which
is designed for use in classroom and schools.
* '''''LTSP - Linux Terminal Server Project (LTSP)''''' is a free and open source add-on package for Linux that allows many people to simultaneously use the same computer.
=== What are the requirements to setup Edubuntu? ===
* You will need the Edubuntu 12.04 LTSP DVD (''which has been given to you)''
* '''''Hardware Requirements – minimum 1GB RAM and 160 GB Hard Disk'''''
=== How to install Edubuntu? ===
* Insert DVD in your CD/DVD-ROM device and reboot the computer in order to boot from the CD.
* '''Note: '''Hit the F8, F11 or F12 key (depending on your BIOS) to select the CD/DVD-ROM as the first boot device in the boot sequence order.
* The following steps show how to set your DVD as your first boot device:
# By pressing the '''DEL or F2 OR F12 key (depending on your BIOS)''' when your computer is starting you should see something like this.
# Using the arrow keys select '''Boot''' and press enter to access the '''Boot Device Priority''' menu.
[[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_4b6d5278.png]]
# [[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_m7b424f41.png]]
Press enter on the highlighted '''1st Boot Device''' and select '''CD/DVD ROM''' from the menu.
# In this BIOS you have to press F10 to save and exit any changes that you have made. Press enter and the changes will be saved and you will exit the BIOS.
[[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_m2b0124a2.png]]
''<u>'''Note: The images shown may vary in your
machines. You may not have the exact options, but you will have
similar names/menus/options.'''</u> ''
When your computer is starting it will now boot from the
CD.
=== Installation ===
==== Starting the Installation Process ====
Insert
the selected installation media and start the computer up.
Select
the option '''install - start the installer
directly. '''
We
will include screen-shots for the rest of the installation process.
* Use the arrows on the keyboard to select the ''English ''language and then press the Enter key.
* In the next step, the following points will be checked –
** enough space available for the installation – '''''this is important'''''
** your system is connected to the internet – '''''this is not required'''''
** your system should be connected to the power source – '''''this is important as the installation can take a long time''''' ''(as shown below in the screen-shot). ''Click '''Forward'''
*
==== Edubuntu Options and Partitioning ====
* On the Disk Setup page, you can choose how Edubuntu should be installed.
* [[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_387cb0d3.png]]Edubuntu installs a complete operating system to your computer.
* You can choose to install Edubuntu side-by-side with your existing operating system, erase the entire disk and start from scratch. The preferred option would be to choose the option '''Install them side-by-side, choosing between them each start-up'''. Click '''Forward.'''
After
this step, the installation begins. Few more steps have to completed,
as shown below.
Note
– The order of the following steps may vary during the installation
in your machines.
''<u>Select
your time zone </u>''
In the next
step, you will be presented with a world map. Select the '''India
'''map
by clicking on it. Click
'''Forward'''.
[[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_2e3c45d1.png]]
==== 5.1.5.3 Select your keyboard layout ====
==== Select your keyboard layout ====
* [[Image:Resource%20Book%20for%20MRP%20Cascade%20training_html_7be11ea6.png]]In this step, you have to choose the keyboard layout. The default keyboard layout is '''USA '''and it is selected by default in this step as shown below.
* [[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_7be11ea6.png]]In this step, you have to choose the keyboard layout. The default keyboard layout is '''USA '''and it is selected by default in this step as shown below.
* Click '''Forward '''(Default Keyboard Layout - USA).
* Click '''Forward '''(Default Keyboard Layout - USA).
* Click on '''Forward.'''
* Click on '''Forward.'''
* This will install Edubuntu along side Windows and you will be able to use both the operating systems without any loss of data.
* This will install Edubuntu along side Windows and you will be able to use both the operating systems without any loss of data.
==== 5.1.5.4 Enter User Details ====
==== Enter User Details ====
* [[Image:Resource%20Book%20for%20MRP%20Cascade%20training_html_m6455b633.png]]In the user setup dialog, you will be requested to set up the administrator user on the system.
* [[Image:Resource%20Book%20_html_m6455b633.png]]In the user setup dialog, you will be requested to set up the administrator user on the system.
* The user name cannot start with a number, and must be lowercase letters only.
* The user name cannot start with a number, and must be lowercase letters only.
* If you make mistakes, the installer will warn you about it. It is recommended that you require a password to log in to the system.
* If you make mistakes, the installer will warn you about it. It is recommended that you require a password to log in to the system.
==== 5.1.5.5 Installation Complete ====
==== Installation Complete ====
* '''After the installation is complete, click on <u>Restart Now</u>'''
* '''After the installation is complete, click on <u>Restart Now</u>'''
==== 5.1.5.6 Additional Settings after Installation ====
==== Additional Settings after Installation ====
* The tool '''PhET '''is already installed on your system now. To add it to the menu
* The tool '''PhET '''is already installed on your system now. To add it to the menu
*
*
== 5.2 FAQ ==
== FAQ ==
Please
Please
