Animalia
From Karnataka Open Educational Resources
Philosophy of Science |
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Concept Map
Textbook
Additional information
Achordata
Platy helminthes
Useful websites
www.iteachbio.com
www.youtube.com
www.ikenstore.com
Reference Books
http://ncert.nic.in/NCERTS/textbook/textbook.htm?iesc1=7-14
Teaching Outlines
Pisces
Learning objectives
- Students excplains the important characteristics of fishes
- Students understands modifications in fishes for aquatic life
- Students describes sexual reproduction in fishes by external fertilization
- Students draws the neat diagram showing external features of fish
Notes for teachers
- Fishes are the first to evolve as vertebrates
- They complete their life cycle only in aquatic medium,hence they use gills for respiration and fins for locomotin in water and have gelatinous scales for easy gliding in water.
- Two chambered heart facilitates one way blood circulation,so that oxygenated and deoxygenated blood circulates in a common channel.
- They are stenothermal and can adapt to wide range of temperature.
- Both fertilization and foetus development are external ,and are unisexual.
Activities
- list out the features which enables fishes to adapt themselves in aquatic medium
- visit a nearby aquarium and observe diversity in structure and colour of fishes
Amphibia
Learning objectives
- Students describes the structural features of amphibians
- Students explains the important characteristics of amphibians
- Students give examples for amphibians
- Students understands the process of metamorphosis in amphibians
- Students explains external fertilization in amphibians
Notes for teachers
- Amphibians are the only vertebrates possessing body structure capable of adapting both in aquatic and terrestrial habitats
- Their early life cycle is in aquatic medium and adulthood in terrestrial habitat
- Moist skin,hind limb longer than fore limb,four fingers in fore limb ,five fingers in hind limb, are their distinguishing features.
- They exhibit metamorphosis
- They have three chambered heart,steno thermal.
- They exhibit metamorphosis.
- They are unisexual,both fertilization and foetus development are external
Activities
- Observe metamorphosis of frogs during rainy season in temporary ponds formed nearby your school and locality
- Listout the features enabling amphibians to adapt themselves in aquatic and terrestrial habitat seperately
Reptilia
Learning objectives
- Students explains the important characteristics of reptiles
- Students understands oviparous development in reptiles
- Students give examples for reptiles
- Students differentiates reptiles from amphibians
Notes for teachers
- Reptiles are the first vertebrates adapted to terrestrial habitat
- Reptiles are stenothermal,have three chambered heart in blood circulation
- Reptiles shows ecdisis,skin is dry and covered by scales
- Reptiles shows internal fertilization and external foetus development and are ovoparous
Activities
- Listout the features evolved in reptiles to enable them to adapt in terrestrial habitat
- Observe moulting in reptiles and understand the reason for moulting in reptiles
Aves
Learning objectives
- Students explains important features of birds
- Students recognises the features which helps birds for aerial adoptations
- Students differentiates aves from reptiles
- Students give reasons for stenothermic adaptation in birds
- Students relates body weight and aerial flight in birds
Notes for teachers
- In birds fore limbs are modified into wing,body is covered with feathers,beak protudes out of oral cavity
- They are the first evolved eurythermal vertebrates,have four chambered heart facilitating two way blood circulation to seperate oxygenated blood and deoxygenated blood
- Birds have special sound box called syrinx
Activities
- Collect feathers of different birds and recognise the birds in your locality and try to understand the diversity of birds in your locality
- Listout the features evolved in birds to enable them to adapt for aerial flight
Mammalia
Learning objectives
- Students explains the important characteristics of mammals
- Students understands the significance of mammary glands and vivipary in mammals
- Students give reasons for evolutionary supremacy of mammals over other vertebrates
- Student compares mammals to other classes of vertebrates
- Students apreciates the diversity of mammals according to their habitat
Notes for teachers
- Mammals are the most advanced and highly evolved class among animals
- They possess mammary glands to feed their infants
- They are viviparous except Echidna and Platipus
- They are eurythermal,having four chambered heart in bood circulation which enables seperate ways for circulation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
- Diaphragm seperates chest portion from abdomen
- The nervous system is highly evolved with brain,spinal chord and 12 pairs of brain nerves
Activities
- Conduct a micro survey of mammals to understand the diversity of mammals in your locality
- Draw a comparitive map of 5 classes of vertebrates and understand the course of evolution from Pisces to Mammals