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DSERT Text Book for Computer Literacy (CL) and Computer Aided Learning (CAL) (view source)

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[http://karnatakaeducation.org.in/KOER/index.php/DSERT_ಪಠ್ಯಪುಸ್ತಕ ಕನ್ನಡದಲ್ಲಿ ನೋಡಿ]
−
''ICT@Schools -
  −
Resource Book for Standard 8 '''
  −
 
  −
  −
  −
'''Director's
  −
Message '''
  −
 
  −
  −
Dear Friends,
     −
+
''Resource Book to learn Computer Literacy and Computer Aided Learning'''
−
''Department of State Educational Research and Training''
  −
(DSERT), Karnataka in order to promote the effective use of
  −
Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) is providing high
  −
schools with ICT facilities under the [[ICT@Schools]]
  −
programme.
     −
+
=Introduction=
−
+
This resource book has two parts - computer literacy skills and computer aided learning. The section on computer literacy introduces the learners to various aspects of the computer, the use of internet and different methods of creating documents in the form of in text documents and mind maps. The section on computer aided learning will discuss how computers can be used to integrate the learning of different subjects, namely, Mathematics, Science and Social Science by using relevant ICT tools and educational software.
−
To facilitate effective integration of ICTs into teaching-learing, we
  −
have also developed a resource book for use by the teachers and
  −
students. This resource book has two parts - computer
  −
literacy skills and computer aided learning. The section on
  −
computer literacy introduces the learners to various aspects of the
  −
computer, the use of internet and different methods of creating
  −
documents in the form of in text documents and mind maps. The
  −
section on computer aided learning will discuss how computers can be
  −
used to integrate the learning of different subjects, namely,
  −
Mathematics, Science and Social Science by using relevant ICT tools
  −
and educational software.
      +
This exercise has  two broad objectives of integrating the computer lab into the school education process and enabling the use of computer as a curricular resource. We have attempted to put together this resource book based on the recommendations of the National Curriculum Framework (2005).
 
   
 
   
−
+
The objective of the high school textbooks is to enable teachers and students to acquire a positive mindset about the use of computers for their learning and daily life and also develop a working knowledge of computers and the ways of using them to represent information. It is my hope that every teacher will be able to start using the computer lab in the schools effectively for their own growth and for the classroom teaching – learning processes. Please do share your experiences in using this book. Your feedback is welcome.
−
We have approached this exercise with two broad objectives of
  −
integrating the computer lab into the school education process and
  −
enabling the use of computer as a curricular resource. We have
  −
attempted to put together this resource book based on the  
  −
recommendations of the National Curriculum Framework (2005). The
  −
textbook has received inputs from the high school teachers who
  −
participated in the Subject Teacher Forum programme of DSERT and  
  −
Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA).
     −
+
The innovation in this book is the integration of ICT into the regular subject teaching-learning. The second section of the book explores some lessons from the mathematics, science and social science subjects that can be taught using the computer, thus integrating the computer as a pedagogical tool. This will help the subject teachers in the school integrate ICTs into their teaching-learning processes as well as use it for their own professional development.
−
  −
The objective of the high school
  −
textbooks is to enable teachers and students to acquire a positive
  −
mindset about the use of computers for their learning and daily life
  −
and also develop a working knowledge of computers and the ways of
  −
using them to represent information. It
  −
is my hope that every teacher will be able to start using the
  −
computer lab in the schools effectively for their own growth and for
  −
the classroom teaching – learning processes. Please do share your
  −
experiences in using this book. Your feedback is welcome.
  −
 
  −
  −
'''Sri Rama Rao,''' '''Director,
  −
DSERT, Karnataka'''
  −
 
  −
  −
  −
'''Note
  −
from Public Software Centre, IT for Change'''
  −
 
  −
  −
Public Software Centre, IT for Change participated in the creation of
  −
ICT resource book for 8<sup>th</sup>
  −
standard students. The innovation in this book is the
  −
integration of ICT into the regular subject teacing-learning. The
  −
second section of the book explores some lessons from the
  −
mathematics, science and social science subjects that can be taught
  −
using the computer, thus integrating the computer as a pedagogical
  −
tool. This will help the subject teachers in the school integrate
  −
ICTs into their teaching-learning processes as well as use it for
  −
their own professional development.
      
   
 
   
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−
+
=How to use this book=
−
'''Bindu Thirumalai, Public Software Centre, IT for Change'''
+
Welcome to this resource book on Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) !
−
 
  −
  −
'''Acknowledgement'''
  −
 
  −
  −
  −
DSERT,
  −
Karnataka would like to acknowledge the following individuals and
  −
groups for their contribution towards the creation of this book.
  −
 
  −
  −
  −
# Resource Book creating and editing team – Anupama Joshi, Bindu Thirumalai, Krittika Vishwanath and Ranjani Ranganathan from IT for Change.
  −
# The following individuals and organisations for their contribution towards the creation and review process.
  −
## DIET Faculty: Mr. Gopinath Kalbhag and Mr. Ashwin K.B.
  −
## DSERT E-Vidya Resource Group
  −
## American India Foundation
  −
## C-LAMPS
  −
## Intel and Learning Links,
  −
## Policy Planning Unit, Azim Premji Foundation
  −
## Subject Teacher Forum – State Resource Persons : Radha N A, Rajesh Y N, Shailaja H L, Tharanath Achar, Vishwanatha K V
  −
#
  −
# ICT Curriculum Committee for providing the framework and guidelines as well as reviewing the book.
  −
# We have used as references, sections from America India Foundation Textbook, Computer Masti Books First Edition -2008.
  −
# Regional Institute of English for developing modules on teaching of English language
  −
# Kannada translators for translation
  −
# Keonics for printing and publishing
  −
  −
 
  −
  −
'''How
  −
to use this book'''
  −
 
  −
  −
Welcome to this resource book on Information and Communication
  −
Technologies (ICTs) !
  −
 
   
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
ICTs are changing the way we do things, how we communicate and how we
 
ICTs are changing the way we do things, how we communicate and how we
 
learn. There are many areas of our society and work where we use
 
learn. There are many areas of our society and work where we use
−
ICTs in extensive ways. In your school, you now have a new computer
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ICTs in extensive ways. This resource book is meant to introduce you to the ways
−
lab as part of the [[ICT@Schools]]
  −
programme. This resource book is meant to introduce you to the ways
   
and methods of working with ICTs, including how to use them for
 
and methods of working with ICTs, including how to use them for
 
exploring various subjects. This book is for the student to work
 
exploring various subjects. This book is for the student to work
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require you to work with different teachers.
 
require you to work with different teachers.
   −
+
 
−
   
There are two sections in this book, '''Section 1: Computer Literacy'''
 
There are two sections in this book, '''Section 1: Computer Literacy'''
 
and '''Section 2: Computer Aided Learning'''.
 
and '''Section 2: Computer Aided Learning'''.
   −
   
   
 
   
 
'''Computer Literacy '''is
 
'''Computer Literacy '''is
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−
'''How is each chapter organised ?'''
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=How is each chapter organised=
   −
   
Each chapter has the following sections
 
Each chapter has the following sections
−
  −
   
   
 
   
 
# '''Chapter objectives:''' which will tell you what you should know after working through the chapter.
 
# '''Chapter objectives:''' which will tell you what you should know after working through the chapter.
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[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_5c1fb147.gif]][[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m1eb9349b.jpg]][[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m2672be64.gif]]
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[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_5c1fb147.gif]][[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m1eb9349b.jpg|50px]][[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m2672be64.gif]]
 
   
 
   
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[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m419b5a5b.jpg]]  
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[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m419b5a5b.jpg|50px]]  
 
      
 
      
 
== Chapter summary ==
 
== Chapter summary ==
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[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m17dc4b9f.gif]][[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m1eb9349b.jpg]]
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[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m17dc4b9f.gif]][[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m1eb9349b.jpg|50px]]
 
   
 
   
 
Software
 
Software
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[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m1eb9349b.jpg]]
+
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m1eb9349b.jpg|50px]]
 
   
 
   
 
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_642f2b43.gif]]  
 
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_642f2b43.gif]]  
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your data secure.
 
your data secure.
   −
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m1eb9349b.jpg]]
+
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m1eb9349b.jpg|50px]]
 
   
 
   
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* Turn off the computer or log off from Windows
 
* Turn off the computer or log off from Windows
 
   
 
   
−
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m1c8b9ecd.jpg]]
+
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m1c8b9ecd.jpg|50px]]
 
   
 
   
 
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m763e1644.gif]]  
 
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m763e1644.gif]]  
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the items
 
the items
   −
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m1c8b9ecd.jpg]]  
+
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m1c8b9ecd.jpg|50px]]  
 
   
 
   
   Line 817: Line 709:     
   
 
   
−
Select your username, and type
+
Select your username, and type your password the desktop will appear.
−
your password the desktop will appear.
  −
 
  −
  −
  −
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_6628aea4.gif]][[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m4cfcae2.gif]][[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m1c8b9ecd.jpg]]
  −
  −
   
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
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−
On a desktop, you will see icons
+
On a desktop, you will see icons (if any), windows (if any programme is being used) and menus.
−
(if any), windows (if any programme is being used) and menus.
  −
 
  −
   
   
 
   
 
'''Panels '''
 
'''Panels '''
    
   
 
   
−
T[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m5faf92a5.png]]he
+
Two panels are visible —one at the top of the screen, and one at
−
two panels are visible —one at the top of the screen, and one at
   
the bottom. The one at the top has icons and menus. The panel at the
 
the bottom. The one at the top has icons and menus. The panel at the
 
bottom is where you'll see all the programmes running, and this panel
 
bottom is where you'll see all the programmes running, and this panel
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power button without shutting the computer properly
 
power button without shutting the computer properly
   −
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m1c8b9ecd.jpg]]  
+
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m1c8b9ecd.jpg|50px]]
−
     −
   
== Managing files and folders ==
 
== Managing files and folders ==
 
   
 
   
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<u>[[http://www.ubuntu.com]]</u>
 
<u>[[http://www.ubuntu.com]]</u>
   −
+
= 3.Text editing with text editor =
−
= 3.Text editing with word processor =
+
[http://karnatakaeducation.org.in/KOER/en/images/c/c1/3._Using_a_text_editor.odt Download '''Using a text editor''']
−
   
== Chapter objectives ==
 
== Chapter objectives ==
−
+
At the end of this chapter, you will learn about
−
At the end of
  −
this chapter, you will learn about
     −
   
* Word processors
 
* Word processors
−
* Different types of word processors
+
* Different types of text editor (also called word processors)
−
* Using word processors like LibreOffice Writer and Microsoft Word
+
* Using word processor like LibreOffice Writer
 
* Text editing and formatting
 
* Text editing and formatting
 
   
 
   
−
'''Word
+
'''Word processors'''
−
processors'''
+
If you want to write a letter to your friend, a story or school work in a computer, what would you do or where would you type them? A software application called the '''word processor''' would do that. A word processor is a software used for creating (including writing, editing, formatting, and possibly printing) documents. This software lets you to create a document, store it on the disk, show it on a screen, make changes to it using the keyboard and print it on a printer.
−
 
  −
  −
If you want to write a letter to
  −
your friend, a story or school work in a computer, what would you do
  −
or where would you type them? A software application called the '''word
  −
processor''' would do that.
  −
 
  −
  −
A word processor is a software
  −
used for creating (including writing, editing, formatting, and
  −
possibly printing) documents. This software lets you to create a
  −
document, store it on the disk, show it on a screen, make changes to
  −
it using the keyboard and print it on a printer.
     −
  −
'''What
  −
can the word processors do?'''
     −
+
'''What can the word processors do?'''
 
* '''Insert text:''' It allows you to insert text anywhere in the document.
 
* '''Insert text:''' It allows you to insert text anywhere in the document.
 
* '''Delete text:''' It allows you to erase characters, words, lines, or pages as easily as you can cross them out on paper.
 
* '''Delete text:''' It allows you to erase characters, words, lines, or pages as easily as you can cross them out on paper.
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−
'''List
+
'''List of some popular word processors'''
−
of some popular word processors'''
  −
 
  −
   
# LibreOffice Writer
 
# LibreOffice Writer
 +
# OpenOffice.org writer
 
# Microsoft Word
 
# Microsoft Word
−
# OpenOffice.org writer
+
# Web-based word processors (Google Docs)
−
# WordPerfect
  −
# Star Office Writer
  −
# Web-based word processors (Google Docs)
   
   
 
   
−
In this chapter you will learn
+
You will learn how to use LibreOffice Writer on Ubuntu. LibreOffice works on Ubuntu GNU/Linux, Mac and Windows operating systems while Microsoft Word works only on Microsoft Windows. LibreOffice is a public software and can be freely shared without licence restrictions or payment of licence fees. Microsoft
−
how to use Microsoft Word on Windows and LibreOffice Writer on
+
Word is proprietary software and can be got by paying licence fees per user.
−
Ubuntu. LibreOffice works on Ubuntu GNU/Linux, Mac and Windows
+
[[microsoft word]]
−
operating systems while Microsoft Word works only on Microsoft
+
== Using LibreOffice to create documents ==
−
Windows. LibreOffice is a public software and can be freely shared
+
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m68195161.png|600px]] <br>
−
without licence restrictions or payment of licence fees. Microsoft
+
''LibreOffice''<br>
−
Word is proprietary software and can be got by paying licence fees
  −
per user.
     −
+
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_55d56d98.gif]]<br>
−
== Using MS Word to create documents ==
+
You will have to log into Ubuntu operating system to use LibreOffice Writer. <br>
−
+
To start LibreOffice, you have to click '''Applications → Office → LibreOffice Writer.''' You will see a window like the one in the picture. There will be a blank page and a cursor where you can start typing. Note that everything that you dp using Microsoft Word can be done using LibreOffice too.<br>
−
Login
  −
to Windows. To start the application, Click on [[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_2e9987e2.png]]
  −
button on the left hand bottom corner.
      +
Type a paragraph using LibreOffice. The functions that you may be using in Microsoft office will be discussed in LibreOffice.<br>
 
   
 
   
−
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m73c01333.png]]
+
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m1794ed9a.png]]<br>
−
''MS
+
''Saving the file''<br>
−
Word''
     −
Then, click on All
+
Type the paragraph. Save the file by clicking on 'File' menu and selecting 'Save' option as shown in the picture. Type the file name in the dialog
−
programs ---&gt; Microsoft Office ---&gt; Microsoft Word 2010.
+
box that shows up as 'My School' and click on the 'Save' button.
 +
 
 +
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_51b656ce.gif]][[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m420b1293.gif]][[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m419b5a5b.jpg|50px]]
    +
== Making changes to the text ==
 +
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_ma2ed312.gif]] [[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_58749c8f.gif]]
 +
Inserting, deleting and selecting text is done exactly the same way as it is done in Microsoft Word.
 
   
 
   
−
On the blank page, where you see
+
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m1613e29b.png]] [[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m12f0f039.gif]] [[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_75cbe56b.gif]] [[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_30986aae.gif]] [[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_44feca9d.gif]]
−
a blinking cursor (|), you can start typing your assignment. In this
  −
example, you will write a short paragraph about the western ghats.
  −
 
   
   
 
   
−
     
+
'''Copying text'''
−
{| border="1"
+
Select the text you want to copy and click on 'Edit' menu and select 'Copy'. You can also copy text by clicking on copy button or by using the keyboard shortcut CTRL and C.
−
|-
+
−
|
+
'''Cutting text'''
−
The Western Ghats
+
Select the text you want to cut and click on 'Edit' menu and select 'Cut'. You can also cut text by clicking on cut button, or by using the the keyboard shortcut CTRL and X.
−
 
   
   
 
   
−
South India's rain forests, the Western Ghats
+
'''Pasting text'''
−
(hill ranges running parallel to the south-west coast of
+
Click on 'Edit' and select 'Paste' menu. You can also paste copied or cut text by clicking on the paste button or by using the keyboard shortcut CTRL and V.
−
peninsular India) are an area of great biological, cultural
  −
diversity and conservation interest. This unique region is home to
  −
a fascinating array of flora and fauna, indigenous people, ancient
  −
forts and monuments.
  −
 
   
   
 
   
−
|}
+
== Formatting characters and paragraphs ==
 +
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m2b451a81.png]][[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m580ce8f5.gif]][[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_6aa7ccf7.gif]]
 
   
 
   
−
A
+
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m4597452e.gif]][[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_5af18342.gif]][[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_8447139.gif]][[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m4fb7f678.gif]][[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_43b923cd.gif]]
−
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m44cc9828.png]]
  −
''File
  −
menu''
  −
 
  −
fter you finish typing this paragraph, what do you do? You can
  −
either take a print out of it or store it in your computer or do
  −
both. If you store this, you can use it again and again. You can also
  −
make changes to the essay later on.
  −
 
   
   
 
   
−
To save (store on disk), click
+
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m267839c6.gif]][[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_1d156733.gif]][[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_4e52895b.gif]]
−
on the File tab (the menu bar on the top) and select Save option.
  −
 
   
   
 
   
−
Y
+
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_46aac4aa.png]]You can change the font style, size. You can make the text bold, slanting or underline the text. To change case (small letters to capital letters etc), click on 'Format' menu and select 'Change Case'. To capitalise the selected text, choose UPPERCASE option.
−
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_mee2131c.png]]
  −
''Saving
  −
the file''
  −
 
  −
ou will see a window as shown below. (It is also called the
  −
s'''ave dialogue '''box). Select Desktop from the list on the left
  −
hand side. In the file name box, type 'Western Ghats' and click on
  −
the save button.
  −
 
   
   
 
   
 +
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_136b8716.png]] To change the colour of the
 +
text, click on the small arrow next to the icon in the picture.
 
   
 
   
−
You have saved your paragraph
+
You can format paragraphs, i.e., align the text left, centre, right and justify using these buttons
−
called 'Western Ghats' on your computer's desktop.
+
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m1e5e331e.png]].
    +
For more character formatting options, click on 'Format' menu and choose 'Character'. There are many tabs like Indents and Spacing, Alignment, Text Flow, Outline &amp; Numbering, Tabs, Drop Caps, Borders, and Background available when you click on Format → Paragraph.
 
   
 
   
−
The file will be saved with an
+
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m2c8d7b6b.png]]To shade a paragraph or give a background colour to it, click on the 'Background' tab and choose a colour. And, to add border to paragraphs, click on the Borders tab. Now try changing the essay using the above options. Align the heading 'My school' to centre. Change the background colour to light blue. Put borders to the paragraph.
−
extension .docx
      +
== Making simple lists ==
 +
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m68cd55b0.png]]Use these buttons to create lists. The first button is used to make lists with bullets and the second one is used for numbered lists. Make two lists of animals. One list is bulleted and of wild animals. The other one is numbered and of domestic animals.
 
   
 
   
−
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_5575c0f0.gif]][[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m7bcefc25.gif]][[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m1c8b9ecd.jpg]]
+
== Typing in Kannada ==
 +
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_53e9a84f.png]]IBus is a software application used to type in various languages. Using IBus and LibreOffice, you will learn how to type in Kannada. Open LibreOffice Writer. Click CTRL and the SPACE bar together. On the top panel, you will see something like this. Now you can start typing in Kannada. Use the following key strokes to type.  
 +
                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
 +
{| border="1"
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
Keyboard
 +
Sequence
 +
 
 
   
 
   
 +
|
 +
Character
 +
 
   
 
   
−
+
|
−
+
Keyboard
−
+
Sequence
−
  −
== Making changes to the text ==
  −
  −
You can make changes to your
  −
essay, even after you have saved it. Changes can be adding, removing,
  −
copying and moving text in the document.
      
   
 
   
−
'''Inserting text'''
+
|
 +
Character
    
   
 
   
−
Anywhere in the document, if you
+
|
−
want to add text, just click '''at''' that place and start typing.
+
Keyboard
 +
Sequence
    
   
 
   
−
'''Delete text'''
+
|
 +
Character
    
   
 
   
−
To remove or delete from the
+
|-
−
document, click '''before''' the text you want to delete and press
+
|
−
the 'delete' key. You can also '''click''' after the text you want
+
k
−
to delete and press the 'backspace' key.
      
   
 
   
−
'''Selecting text'''
+
|
 +
ಕ್
    
   
 
   
−
Before any changes are made to
+
|
−
the text, you have to select the text. To select text, click before
+
bh
−
the text you want to select, hold the mouse key and drag till the end
  −
of your selection. This will highlight the text.
      
   
 
   
−
'''Copying text'''
+
|
 +
ಭ್
    
   
 
   
−
I[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_2b62d60.png]]f
+
|
−
you want to repeat anything in your essay, you can copy the text and
+
u
−
then paste it. To copy text, you need to select the text (highlight)
  −
first, and then click on 'Home ' and 'Copy' or just use the keyboard
  −
short cut 'CTRL and C' keys together. (Note – whenever we use the
  −
CTRL key, you need to first press CTRL, then keeping it pressed,
  −
press the C key and release the C key before releasing the CTRL key).
  −
Hence we can also show this as CTRL+C).
      
   
 
   
−
'''Cutting text'''
+
|
 +
ಉ
    
   
 
   
−
If you want to move a portion of
+
|-
−
text from one place to another in your document, you can cut the text
+
|
−
and paste it. To cut text, select the portion you want to cut and
+
kh
−
then click on 'Home' and 'Cut' or by using the keyboard short cut
  −
'CTRL and X' keys together (CTRL+X).[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m24a2ce3.png]]
      
   
 
   
−
+
|
−
'''Pasting text'''
+
ಖ್
    
   
 
   
−
Once you have copied or cut
+
|
−
text, you can paste it anywhere in the document by clicking on 'Home'
+
m
−
and 'Paste' or by pressing 'CTRL and V' keys together (CTRL+V). [[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_5b3151f.png]]
      
   
 
   
 +
|
 +
ಮ್
 +
 
   
 
   
−
Now you have learnt how to make
+
|
−
changes to the text, try making changes to the file 'Western Ghats',
+
uu
−
using insert, delete, cut, copy and paste functions.
      
   
 
   
−
It should look like this.
+
|
 +
ಊ
   −
     
+
−
{| border="1"
   
|-
 
|-
 
|  
 
|  
−
The
+
g
−
Western Ghats
      
   
 
   
−
South India's rain
+
|
−
forests, the Western Ghats also called the
+
ಗ್
−
Sahayadri ranges ( hill ranges running parallel to the
  −
south-west coast of peninsular India) are an area of great
  −
biological, cultural diversity and conservation interest. This
  −
unique region is home to a great
  −
array of flora and fauna, indigenous people, ancient forts and
  −
monuments.
      
   
 
   
−
(*''The words highlighted in
+
|
−
red have been added and the one in blue has been replaced.*)''
+
y
    
   
 
   
−
|} 
+
|  
−
== Formatting characters and paragraphs ==
+
ಯ್
 +
 
 
   
 
   
−
Now you will learn, how to make
+
|
−
your essay look beautiful and readable. Just like each of you has a
+
U
−
different hand writing and a different style of writing, the word
  −
processor too has different styles and sizes of characters (a
  −
character can be a letter, number or a punctuation mark). These
  −
different styles are called fonts.
      
   
 
   
−
In the picture, '''Calibri
+
|
−
(Body)''' is the font. 11 is the size of the font. You can change
+
ಊ
−
the font style and size of text by first selecting the text and then
  −
clicking on the
  −
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m1a0bbf73.png]]
  −
button next to the font name and size and choose different style and
  −
size. [[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_3da4399e.png]]
      
   
 
   
−
- Increases and decreases the
+
|-
−
font size respectively[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_20aabe5a.png]]
+
|
 +
gh
    
   
 
   
−
- Changes all the selected text
+
|
−
to UPPERCASE, lowercase, Sentence case, Capitalise Each Word or
+
ಘ್
−
tOGGLE cASE.[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_fdaa6dd.png]]
      
   
 
   
−
- Makes the selected text '''Bold
+
|
−
'''(use keyboard shortcut CTRL and B)[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_7bc43a91.png]]
+
r
    
   
 
   
−
- Makes the selected text ''italic'' (use keyboard shortcut CTRL and I)[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m3ca9333f.png]]
+
|
 +
ರ್
    
   
 
   
−
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m5cd91e0.png]]-
+
|
−
Underlines the selected text (use keyboard shortcut CTRL and
+
RRi
−
U)[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m53cdfe0.png]]
      
   
 
   
−
- Applies a visual effect to
+
|
−
the selected text like shadow or reflection
+
ಋ
−
 
  −
 
  −
Now use the above options and
  −
make your essay look like this.
      
   
 
   
−
       
  −
{| border="1"
   
|-
 
|-
 
|  
 
|  
−
''<u>'''The
+
~N
−
Western Ghats '''</u>''
      
   
 
   
−
South
+
|
−
India's rain forests, the Western Ghats also called the
+
ಙ್
−
Sahayadri ranges ( hill ranges running parallel to the
  −
south-west coast of peninsular India) are an area of great
  −
biological, cultural diversity and conservation interest. This
  −
unique region is home to a great array of flora and fauna,
  −
indigenous people, ancient forts and monuments.
      
   
 
   
 +
|
 +
l
 +
 
   
 
   
−
''(* The heading is in
+
|
−
bold, underlined, font size is 14, text colour is Grey, font
+
ಲ್
−
style is Times New Roman and italics *).''
      
   
 
   
−
|} 
+
|  
 +
R^i
 +
 
 
   
 
   
−
+
|
−
You will now learn about
+
ಋ
−
formatting paragraphs. You can align paragraphs to left, right or
  −
centre of the page using the buttons
  −
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_33a445fb.png]].
  −
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m59a08cad.png]]
      
   
 
   
−
  −
     
  −
{| border="1"
   
|-
 
|-
 
|  
 
|  
−
The
+
N^
−
first button aligns the paragraph to the left of the page. This
  −
sentence is aligned to the left of the page.
      
   
 
   
−
The
+
|
−
second button aligns the paragraph to the middle of the page.
+
ಙ್
    
   
 
   
−
This
+
|
−
sentence is aligned to the centre of the page.
+
L
    
   
 
   
 +
|
 +
ಳ್
 +
 
   
 
   
−
The
+
|
−
third button aligns the paragraph to the right of the page. This
+
Ru
−
sentence is aligned to the right of the page.
      
   
 
   
−
+
|
−
The
+
ಋ
−
last button justifies the paragraph. This paragraph is justified.
  −
Justifying means to align to both left and the right paragraph.
      
   
 
   
−
+
|-
−
|}
+
|
−
+
ch
−
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_1d389fa3.png]] This button is used to apply
  −
different background colours to the selected text or paragraphs.
  −
Click on the small blue arrow for more colours options. This
  −
paragraph has a grey background
      
   
 
   
−
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m5113074c.png]] This button is for bordering
+
|
−
selected text or paragraphs. Many options are available like just
+
ಚ್
−
right, left, top, bottom, all borders etc. Click on the small blue
  −
arrow for all the available options. This paragraph has outside side
  −
borders.
      
   
 
   
−
+
|
−
Now let us change your essay a
+
ld
−
bit more using the paragraph options. The heading 'The Western Ghats'
  −
is aligned to the centre. The background colour is light Gray. The
  −
paragraph has outside borders too. It should look like this.
      
   
 
   
−
<u>'''The
+
|
−
Western Ghats'''</u>
+
ಳ್
    
   
 
   
−
+
|
−
''South
+
e
−
India's rain forests, the Western Ghats also called the Sahayadri
  −
ranges ( hill ranges running parallel to the south-west coast of
  −
peninsular India) are an area of great biological, cultural diversity
  −
and conservation interest. This unique region is home to a great
  −
array of flora and fauna, indigenous people, ancient forts and
  −
monuments. ''
      
   
 
   
−
+
|
−
Next you will learn about how to
+
ಎ
−
make simple lists using 'Bullets and Numbers' options available in
  −
the paragraph tab.
      
   
 
   
−
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m57db9af5.png]] The first button is used to
+
|-
−
create lists with bullets and the second one is used to create lists
+
|
−
with numbers. Make a list of some wild animals and some domestic
+
Ch
−
animals. Let the wild animals list have bullets and the domestic
  −
animals list have numbers.
      
   
 
   
−
List of wild animals
+
|
 +
ಛ್
    
   
 
   
−
* Lion
+
|
−
* Elephant
+
v
−
* Tiger
  −
* Wolf
  −
* Cheetah
  −
  −
To make a list like the above,
  −
first type the list, select the list and click on the bullets button
  −
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m669877e.png]]
  −
Clicking on the small blue arrow gives many bullets options. Now try
  −
to make a list of domestic animals and number them.
      
   
 
   
−
== Using LibreOffice to create documents ==
+
|
−
+
ವ್
−
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m68195161.png]]
  −
''LibreOffice''
  −
 
      
   
 
   
−
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_55d56d98.gif]]You
+
|
−
will have to log into Ubuntu operating system to use LibreOffice
+
E
−
Writer. To
  −
start LibreOffice, you have to click '''Applications →
  −
Office → LibreOffice Writer.'''
  −
You will see a window like the one in the picture. There will be a
  −
blank page and a cursor where you can start typing. Note that
  −
everything that you did so far using Microsoft Word can be done using
  −
LibreOffice too.
      
   
 
   
−
+
|
−
You will do the same 'The
+
ಏ
−
Western Ghats' paragraph but using LibreOffice. The functions that
  −
you used in Microsoft office will be discussed in LibreOffice.
      
   
 
   
−
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m1794ed9a.png]]''Saving
+
|-
−
the file''
+
|
−
 
+
chh
−
Type the paragraph 'The
  −
Western Ghats'. Save the file by clicking on 'File' menu and
  −
selecting 'Save' option as shown in the picture.
      
   
 
   
−
Type the file name in the dialog
+
|
−
box that shows up as 'My School' and click on the 'Save' button.
+
ಛ್
    
   
 
   
−
+
|
−
+
w
−
  −
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_51b656ce.gif]][[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m420b1293.gif]][[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m419b5a5b.jpg]]
  −
      
   
 
   
−
 
+
|
−
 
+
ವ್
−
== Making changes to the text ==
  −
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_ma2ed312.gif]] [[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_58749c8f.gif]]
  −
Inserting, deleting and
  −
selecting text is done exactly the same way as it is done in
  −
Microsoft Word.
      
   
 
   
−
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m1613e29b.png]] [[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m12f0f039.gif]] [[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_75cbe56b.gif]] [[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_30986aae.gif]] [[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_44feca9d.gif]]
+
|
−
+
ee
−
'''Copying text'''
      
   
 
   
−
Select the text you want to copy
+
|
−
and click on 'Edit' menu and select 'Copy'. You can also copy text by
+
ಏ&quot;
−
clicking on copy button or by using the keyboard shortcut CTRL and C.
      
   
 
   
−
+
|-
−
'''Cutting text'''
+
|
 +
j
    
   
 
   
−
Select the text you want to cut
+
|
−
and click on 'Edit' menu and select 'Cut'. You can also cut text by
+
ಜ್
−
clicking on cut button, or by using the the keyboard shortcut CTRL
  −
and X.
      
   
 
   
−
+
|
−
'''Pasting text'''
+
sh
    
   
 
   
−
Click on 'Edit' and select
+
|
−
'Paste' menu. You can also paste copied or cut text by clicking on
+
ಶ್
−
the paste button or by using the keyboard shortcut CTRL and V.
      
   
 
   
−
Change the 'My School' essay as
+
|
−
you did when working with MS Word.
+
ai
    
   
 
   
−
== Formatting characters and paragraphs ==
+
|
 +
ಐ
 +
 
 
   
 
   
−
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m2b451a81.png]][[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m580ce8f5.gif]][[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_6aa7ccf7.gif]]
+
|-
−
+
|
−
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m4597452e.gif]][[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_5af18342.gif]][[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_8447139.gif]][[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m4fb7f678.gif]][[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_43b923cd.gif]]
+
jh
−
  −
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m267839c6.gif]][[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_1d156733.gif]][[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_4e52895b.gif]]
  −
  −
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_46aac4aa.png]]You
  −
can change the font style, size. You can make the text bold, slanting
  −
or underline the text. To change case (small letters to capital
  −
letters etc), click on 'Format' menu and select 'Change Case'. To
  −
capitalise the selected text, choose UPPERCASE option.
      
   
 
   
−
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_136b8716.png]] To change the colour of the
+
|
−
text, click on the small arrow next to the icon in the picture.
+
ಝ್
    
   
 
   
 +
|
 +
Sh
    
   
 
   
−
You
+
|
−
can format paragraphs, i.e., align the text left, centre, right and
+
ಷ್
−
justify using these buttons
      
   
 
   
−
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m1e5e331e.png]].
+
|
 +
o
    
   
 
   
−
For
+
|
−
more character formatting options, click on 'Format' menu and choose
+
ಒ
−
'Character'.
      
   
 
   
−
There
+
|-
−
are many tabs like Indents and Spacing, Alignment, Text Flow, Outline
+
|
−
&amp; Numbering, Tabs, Drop Caps, Borders, and Background available
+
~n
−
when you click on Format → Paragraph.
      
   
 
   
−
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m2c8d7b6b.png]]To
+
|
−
shade a paragraph or give a background colour to it, click on the
+
ಞ್
−
'Background' tab and choose a colour. And, to add border to
  −
paragraphs, click on the Borders tab.
      
   
 
   
−
Now
+
|
−
try changing the essay using the above options. Align the heading 'My
+
shh
−
school' to centre. Change the background colour to light blue. Put
  −
borders to the paragraph.
      
   
 
   
−
== Making simple lists ==
+
|
 +
ಷ್
 +
 
 
   
 
   
−
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m68cd55b0.png]]Use
+
|
−
these buttons to create lists. The first button is used to make lists
+
O
−
with bullets and the second one is used for numbered lists.
      
   
 
   
−
Make
+
|
−
two lists of animals. One list is bulleted and of wild animals. The
+
ಓ
−
other one is numbered and of domestic animals.
      
   
 
   
−
== Typing in Kannada ==
  −
  −
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_53e9a84f.png]]IBus
  −
is a software application used to type in various languages. Using
  −
IBus and LibreOffice, you will learn how to type in Kannada. Open
  −
LibreOffice Writer. Click CTRL and the SPACE bar together. On the top
  −
panel, you will see something like this. Now you can start typing in
  −
Kannada. Use the following key strokes to type.
  −
  −
                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
  −
{| border="1"
   
|-
 
|-
 
|  
 
|  
−
Keyboard
+
JN
−
Sequence
      
   
 
   
 
|  
 
|  
−
Character
+
ಞ್
    
   
 
   
 
|  
 
|  
−
Keyboard
+
s
−
Sequence
      
   
 
   
 
|  
 
|  
−
Character
+
ಸ್
    
   
 
   
 
|  
 
|  
−
Keyboard
+
oo
−
Sequence
      
   
 
   
 
|  
 
|  
−
Character
+
ಓ
    
   
 
   
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  
 
|  
−
k
+
T
    
   
 
   
 
|  
 
|  
−
ಕ್
+
ಟ್
    
   
 
   
 
|  
 
|  
−
bh
+
h
    
   
 
   
 
|  
 
|  
−
ಭ್
+
ಹ್
    
   
 
   
 
|  
 
|  
−
u
+
au
    
   
 
   
 
|  
 
|  
−
ಉ
+
ಔ
    
   
 
   
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  
 
|  
−
kh
+
Th
    
   
 
   
 
|  
 
|  
−
ಖ್
+
ಠ್
    
   
 
   
 
|  
 
|  
−
m
+
GY
    
   
 
   
 
|  
 
|  
−
ಮ್
+
ಜ್ಞ್
    
   
 
   
 
|  
 
|  
−
uu
+
M
    
   
 
   
 
|  
 
|  
−
ಊ
+
ಂ
    
   
 
   
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  
 
|  
−
g
+
D
    
   
 
   
 
|  
 
|  
−
ಗ್
+
ಡ್
    
   
 
   
 
|  
 
|  
−
y
+
j~n
    
   
 
   
 
|  
 
|  
−
ಯ್
+
ಜ್ಞ್
    
   
 
   
 
|  
 
|  
−
U
+
H
    
   
 
   
 
|  
 
|  
−
ಊ
+
ಃ
    
   
 
   
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  
 
|  
−
gh
+
Dh
    
   
 
   
 
|  
 
|  
−
ಘ್
+
ಢ್
    
   
 
   
 
|  
 
|  
−
r
+
dny
    
   
 
   
 
|  
 
|  
−
ರ್
+
ಜ್ಞ್
    
   
 
   
 
|  
 
|  
−
RRi
+
0
    
   
 
   
 
|  
 
|  
−
ಋ
+
೦
    
   
 
   
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  
 
|  
−
~N
+
N
    
   
 
   
 
|  
 
|  
−
ಙ್
+
ಣ್
    
   
 
   
 
|  
 
|  
−
l
+
x
    
   
 
   
 
|  
 
|  
−
ಲ್
+
ಕ್ಷ್
    
   
 
   
 
|  
 
|  
−
R^i
+
1
    
   
 
   
 
|  
 
|  
−
ಋ
+
೧
    
   
 
   
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  
 
|  
−
N^
+
t
    
   
 
   
 
|  
 
|  
−
ಙ್
+
ತ್
    
   
 
   
 
|  
 
|  
−
L
+
ksh
    
   
 
   
 
|  
 
|  
−
ಳ್
+
ಕ್ಷ್
    
   
 
   
 
|  
 
|  
−
Ru
+
2
    
   
 
   
 
|  
 
|  
−
ಋ
+
೨
    
   
 
   
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  
 
|  
−
ch
+
th
    
   
 
   
 
|  
 
|  
−
ಚ್
+
ಥ್
    
   
 
   
 
|  
 
|  
−
ld
  −
   
   
 
   
 
|  
 
|  
−
ಳ್
  −
   
   
 
   
 
|  
 
|  
−
e
+
3
    
   
 
   
 
|  
 
|  
−
ಎ
+
೩
    
   
 
   
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  
 
|  
−
Ch
+
d
    
   
 
   
 
|  
 
|  
−
ಛ್
+
ದ್
    
   
 
   
 
|  
 
|  
−
v
+
a
    
   
 
   
 
|  
 
|  
−
ವ್
+
ಅ
    
   
 
   
 
|  
 
|  
−
E
+
4
    
   
 
   
 
|  
 
|  
−
ಏ
+
೪
    
   
 
   
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  
 
|  
−
chh
+
dh
    
   
 
   
 
|  
 
|  
−
ಛ್
+
ಧ್
    
   
 
   
 
|  
 
|  
−
w
+
aa
    
   
 
   
 
|  
 
|  
−
ವ್
+
ಆ
    
   
 
   
 
|  
 
|  
−
ee
+
5
    
   
 
   
 
|  
 
|  
−
ಏ&quot;
+
೫
    
   
 
   
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  
 
|  
−
j
+
n
    
   
 
   
 
|  
 
|  
−
ಜ್
+
ನ್
    
   
 
   
 
|  
 
|  
−
sh
+
A
    
   
 
   
 
|  
 
|  
−
ಶ್
+
ಆ
    
   
 
   
 
|  
 
|  
−
ai
+
6
    
   
 
   
 
|  
 
|  
−
ಐ
+
೬
    
   
 
   
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  
 
|  
−
jh
+
p
    
   
 
   
 
|  
 
|  
−
ಝ್
+
ಪ್
    
   
 
   
 
|  
 
|  
−
Sh
+
i
    
   
 
   
 
|  
 
|  
−
ಷ್
+
ಇ
    
   
 
   
 
|  
 
|  
−
o
+
7
    
   
 
   
 
|  
 
|  
−
ಒ
+
೭
    
   
 
   
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  
 
|  
−
~n
+
ph
    
   
 
   
 
|  
 
|  
−
ಞ್
+
ಫ್
    
   
 
   
 
|  
 
|  
−
shh
+
ii
    
   
 
   
 
|  
 
|  
−
ಷ್
+
ಈ
    
   
 
   
 
|  
 
|  
−
O
+
8
    
   
 
   
 
|  
 
|  
−
ಓ
+
೮
    
   
 
   
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  
 
|  
−
JN
+
b
    
   
 
   
 
|  
 
|  
−
ಞ್
+
ಬ್
    
   
 
   
 
|  
 
|  
−
s
+
I
    
   
 
   
 
|  
 
|  
−
ಸ್
+
ಈ
    
   
 
   
 
|  
 
|  
−
oo
+
9
    
   
 
   
 
|  
 
|  
−
ಓ
+
೯
    
   
 
   
−
|-
+
|}
−
|
+
=== Lab Exercises ===
−
T
+
Type a paragraph on trees using and LibreOffice Writer
 +
 +
 
 +
Trees are very important things in our daily lives. They provide us food and oxygen – two most vital things for our survival. Some trees have medicinal value. Some other trees gives us wood. This wood is used in building homes, making furniture and as a source of fuel too. It is very important not to cut trees and to plant more trees.
    
   
 
   
−
|
+
After formatting, it should look like
−
ಟ್
+
 
 +
'''TREES'''
 +
Trees are very important things
 +
in our daily lives. They provide us ''food ''and ''oxygen'' – two most <u>vital</u> things for our survival. Some trees have medicinal value. Some other trees gives us wood. This wood is used in building homes, making furniture and as a source of fuel too. It is very important not to cut trees and to <u>'''plant more trees.'''</u>
    +
== Summary ==
 +
# A word processor lets you to create a document, store it on the disk, show it on a screen, make changes to it using the keyboard,and print it on a printer.
 +
# A word processor can insert, delete, cut, copy and paste text.
 +
# Some popular word processors are Microsoft Word, LibreOffice writer, OpenOffice Writer, Google Docs.
 +
# Microsoft Word works only on Microsoft Windows operating system and the files created using it has a .docx extension.
 +
# LibreOffice Writer works on many operating systems including Ubuntu GNU/Linux and Microsoft Windows. The files created using it has a .odt extenstion.
 +
# Using LibreOffice Writer, you learnt how to make changes to the text, format characters and paragraphs and create lists with bullets and numbers.
 
   
 
   
−
|
+
== Exercises ==
−
h
+
# Open LibreOffice Writer (This can be done in Kannada or English)
−
 
+
## Type your names. ii. Change the way your names look.
 +
## Make copies of your names without retyping them.
 +
## Move your names to the middle of the page without retyping them.
 +
# Make a list of states in India using numbers
 +
# Write a letter to your teacher asking for 15 days leave
 +
# Make a list of your friends using bullets in LibreOffice Writer.
 
   
 
   
−
|
+
== Additional resources ==
−
ಹ್
+
Press F1 function key when using  LibreOffice for help
    +
= 4.Browsing the Internet =
 +
==Objectives ==
 +
In this chapter, you will learn about
 +
# Computer Network
 +
# [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet Internet]
 +
# Software and Hardware required to connect to the Internet
 +
# World Wide Web and URLs
 +
# Internet Browsers
 +
# Browsing the Internet
 
   
 
   
−
|
+
==The Internet ==
−
au
+
How do we get electricity in our homes? Electricity flows through a network which is a connection of power lines, cables, towers and reaches our homes.
−
 
+
There are different kinds of networks; rail network, road network,telephone, water supply network and many more. A network is a connection of many components. Also, networks are shared by many people. Even computers can be connected in a network. A computer network is a group of two or more computer systems linked together. Computer networks can be broadly classifed as,
 
   
 
   
−
|
+
* '''Local Area networks (LANs)''' ''':''' The computers are close together (may be, in the same building).
−
ಔ
+
* '''Wide Area networks (WANs)''' ''':''' The computers are farther apart and are connected by telephone lines or radio waves.  [[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m163d865d.png]]
−
 
+
''Hub''
 
   
 
   
−
|-
+
In your school or DIET lab, you must have seen all the computers (clients) connected to one main computer - “the server”. It is a LAN. The cables
−
|
+
from the clients are connected to a device called a 'hub', and the hub is connected to the server. A hub is a common connection point for devices in a network. Do you know what can be shared in a computer network? You can share files, information and even some hardware devices using a computer
−
Th
+
network.
   −
  −
|
  −
ಠ್
     −
+
What is the use of sharing information over a computer network? You might have booked train or bus tickets when you travel across the state. To book a ticket you need to find out which train or bus goes from your place to wherever you want to go and also if the tickets are available on the dates you want to travel. If your computer is connected to the computer in a railway reservation office which has the information about the trains and ticket availability, you can book tickets from home. Such a connection of computers is called an '''Internet connection.''' Information is communicated and shared between the two computers, through such an Internet connection.
−
|
  −
GY
     −
+
If you want information about some book available in your library, you can connect to the library's computer from home and get the information that you want. There are many such computers in different organisations giving us different types of information. These computers are all connected to one another. This is called the '''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet Internet].''' So, for sharing or getting information from another computer on the Internet, you need a connection to the Internet.
−
|
  −
ಜ್ಞ್
     −
+
*'''What do you need to connect to the Internet?'''
−
|
+
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_b6ef5d3.png]]
−
M
+
''Modem''
   −
+
Before you can connect to the Internet, you must have a computer, a modem (A modem is a hardware device that allows a computer to transmit data over telephone or cable lines) and access to a telephone line which is connected to the Internet and a software to connect.
−
|
+
 
−
ಂ
+
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m18aa5759.png]]
 +
''Data card''
   −
+
You can also use a device called data card for connecting to the internet without any wire connections. The data cards use the mobile phones network to connect to the internet. The connection software is provided usually by the service providers (which are mostly telephone companies). In Karnataka/India, companies like Airtel, BSNL, Vodaphone provide such services.
−
|-
  −
|
  −
D
      +
To know more about the history of the Internet, visit [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Internet Wikipedia]
 
   
 
   
−
|
+
== World Wide Web (WWW) ==
−
ಡ್
+
There are millions of pages of shared information on the computers in the network, created by many people and organizations, in the form of 'web pages' accessed using a software application called a 'web browser'. This information network is called the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web World Wide Web] (in short known as www). The source of information is called the web site. A web site is a collection of related web pages of information. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web WWW] is one application on the Internet.
    +
== Web Browser ==
 +
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_2853baf8.png]]Once you are connected to the Internet and are ready to look for things, you will need a software called the web Browser. There are many browsers available like Mozilla Firefox, Windows Internet Explorer, Apple's Safari, Google Chrome etc. All browsers will have similar functions. In this chapter you will learn to use Mozilla Firefox to
 +
browse the web. Browse the web means look for things on the internet. Click on the icon on your top panel to start the Firefox Internet browser when you are using Ubuntu. You will see a screen like this.
 
   
 
   
−
|  
+
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m6d5142b8.gif]][[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m1c8b9ecd.jpg|50px]]
−
j~n
+
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_5057183e.gif]]
−
 
   
   
 
   
−
|
+
A website is nothing but a folder on a computer connected to the Internet, which has an 'address ' . You will have to enter the address of a website in the address bar (see the picture). This address is also called Uniform Resource Locator (URL). In the address bar, type [[www.wikipedia.org]] and press enter. This is a website where you can find information on many subjects.
−
ಜ್ಞ್
  −
 
   
   
 
   
−
|
+
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_292fca48.png]]
−
H
     −
+
This website has information on many languages. Move the mouse pointer on English and you will find that the pointer has changed to a hand. These are links to other sections of the web site. They are called [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperlink hyperlinks]. A hyperlink is a mechanism by which a web page is linked to another related web page. Text, images can be made into hyper links. A [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperlink hyperlink] is usually underlined.
−
|
  −
ಃ
     −
+
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_1afcbe46.png]]
−
|-
  −
|
  −
Dh
     −
   
+
When you click on English, you get the information from the encyclopedia in English. There are different sections, if you look at the right hand top
−
|
+
corner, giving information about Arts, History, Maths, Science etc. You can click on Maths and search on a certain topic. Type multiplication in the search box that you see just above the different sections. You will get an article about Multiplication.
−
ಢ್
     −
+
==Search Engine==
−
|
+
A search engine is used to search for information on the World Wide Web. It keeps a track of all web pages. We can search for information we want
−
dny
+
by providing a word or a sentence to a search engine. Google search engin is a very popular search engine. In your browser's address bar type
 +
"Google.co.in". In the search box you see type 'sachin tendulkar centuries'. You will see a list of all the webpages having information about Sachin
 +
Tendulkar's centuries. You can click on the hyper links and get more information. There are other search engines too, such as [https://duckduckgo.com/ DuckDuckgo]. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DuckDuckGo DuckDuckgo] does not collect information about users and hence your privacy is protected.
   −
+
== Lab exercises ==
−
|
+
== Visit the following websites ==
−
ಜ್ಞ್
+
# kn.wikipedia.org, Kannada.samachar.com, irctc.com rmsa.karnatakaeducation.org.in, dsert.kar.nic.in
 +
# Search for information on your topic using [[http://Google.co.in Google search engine] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DuckDuckGo DuckDuckgo] search engine.
 +
==='''Topics''' - School Leadership===
 +
Chose from - Aims of education, School and society, Community participation in education, teacher professional development, open educational resources, professional learning community, School development, School leadership, Leadership styles. Leadership theories
    +
== Chapter summary ==
 +
# Files, information and even some hardware devices can be shared using a computer network.
 +
# Information is communicated and shared between the computers through an Internet connection.
 +
# A computer, modem and access to a telephone line which is connected to the Internet and a connection software is required to connect to the Internet.
 +
# A web site is a collection of related web pages of information.
 +
# A software application called a web browser is required to look for things on the Internet's World Wide Web.
 +
# A search engine is used to search for information on the World Wide Web
 
   
 
   
−
|
+
== Exercises==
−
0
+
*Choose the correct answer
−
 
+
# Internet is a network of
 +
## Roads 2. Rails 3. Computers 4. Water pipes
 +
# Which of these is not a browser
 +
## Safari 2. Chrome 3. Nautilus 4. Firefox
 +
# The device used to connect without wires to the Internet is called
 +
## USB Flash drive 2. Data card 3. Memory Card 4.Modem
 
   
 
   
−
|
+
*Say True or False
−
೦
+
# Internet is a network of computers
 +
# A Modem is required to connect to the Internet without wires
 +
# Wikipedia is a website
 +
# WWW stands for world wide web
 +
# URL stands for Unknown resource locator
   −
+
== Additional Resources ==
−
|-
+
[[http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet]]
−
|
  −
N
      +
= 5.Mind mapping =
 
   
 
   
−
|
+
== Mind mapping with Freemind ==
−
ಣ್
  −
 
   
   
 
   
−
|
+
== Chapter objectives ==
−
x
+
 +
In this
 +
chapter you will be able to
    
   
 
   
−
|
+
# Understand the meaning of a mind map
−
ಕ್ಷ್
+
# Learn how to use mind maps
 +
# And learn how to create mind maps using a software application called '''Freemind'''
 +
 +
== What is a mind map? ==
 +
 +
Close
 +
your eyes and think of a word. For example think about the word
 +
plant. Now think of all the words that that come into your mind when
 +
you think about the word plant. List these words in your notebook.
    
   
 
   
−
|
  −
1
  −
   
   
 
   
−
|
+
Some
−
೧
+
of the common thoughts/words that would
 +
come into mind when thinking about plants are:
    
   
 
   
−
|-
  −
|
  −
t
  −
   
   
 
   
−
|
+
'''
−
ತ್
+
PLANT WATER PHOTOSYNTHESIS LEAF '''
    
   
 
   
−
|
+
'''
−
ksh
+
FLOWER ROOT STEM '''
    
   
 
   
−
|
+
''' SOIL SUNLIGHT CARBON
−
ಕ್ಷ್
+
DI OXIDE '''
    
   
 
   
−
|
+
−
2
+
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_7eb78929.png]]These
 +
words have meaning that can be pictured in the mind. These words can
 +
be called '''concept'''
 +
words. '''Concept'''
 +
is a way of describing a word that can be pictured in the mind. It is
 +
also any thought, idea, belief, picture or image that is formed in
 +
the mind when we think of a word or topic. For example, one concept
 +
for plant is that it is a living thing.
    
   
 
   
−
|
  −
೨
  −
   
   
 
   
−
|-
  −
|
  −
th
  −
   
   
 
   
−
|
+
Now
−
ಥ್
+
look at these words:
    
   
 
   
−
|
   
   
 
   
−
|
+
''' HAVE
 +
USING NEED'''
 +
 
 
   
 
   
−
|
+
''' CARRY-OUT'''
−
3
      
   
 
   
−
|
  −
೩
  −
   
   
 
   
−
|-
+
   
−
|
+
These
−
d
+
words are not '''concept''' words
−
 
+
but <u>'''link'''</u>
−
   
+
two or more '''concept''' words
−
|
+
together. For example,
−
ದ್
+
plants have roots, leaves, stem, flower. So one concept may be
−
 
+
linked to many other concepts. This can be drawn like a map shown in
−
+
the picture below.
−
|
  −
a
  −
 
  −
  −
|
  −
ಅ
  −
 
  −
  −
|
  −
4
  −
 
  −
  −
|
  −
೪
  −
 
  −
  −
|-
  −
|
  −
dh
  −
 
  −
  −
|
  −
ಧ್
  −
 
  −
  −
|
  −
aa
  −
 
  −
  −
|
  −
ಆ
  −
 
  −
  −
|
  −
5
  −
 
  −
  −
|
  −
೫
  −
 
  −
  −
|-
  −
|
  −
n
  −
 
  −
  −
|
  −
ನ್
  −
 
  −
  −
|
  −
A
  −
 
  −
  −
|
  −
ಆ
  −
 
  −
  −
|
  −
6
  −
 
  −
  −
|
  −
೬
  −
 
  −
  −
|-
  −
|
  −
p
  −
 
  −
  −
|
  −
ಪ್
  −
 
  −
  −
|
  −
i
  −
 
  −
  −
|
  −
ಇ
  −
 
  −
  −
|
  −
7
  −
 
  −
  −
|
  −
೭
  −
 
  −
  −
|-
  −
|
  −
ph
  −
 
  −
  −
|
  −
ಫ್
  −
 
  −
  −
|
  −
ii
  −
 
  −
  −
|
  −
ಈ
  −
 
  −
  −
|
  −
8
  −
 
  −
  −
|
  −
೮
  −
 
  −
  −
|-
  −
|
  −
b
  −
 
  −
  −
|
  −
ಬ್
  −
 
  −
  −
|
  −
I
  −
 
  −
  −
|
  −
ಈ
  −
 
  −
  −
|
  −
9
  −
 
  −
  −
|
  −
೯
  −
 
  −
  −
|}
  −
=== Lab Exercises ===
  −
  −
Type
  −
a paragraph on trees (Do this exercise using both MS Word and
  −
LibreOffice Writer).
  −
 
  −
  −
Trees
  −
 
  −
  −
Trees
  −
are very important things in our daily lives. They provide us food
  −
and oxygen – two most vital things for our survival. Some trees
  −
have medicinal value. Some other trees gives us wood. This wood is
  −
used in building homes, making furniture and as a source of fuel too.
  −
It is very important not to cut trees and to plant more trees.
  −
 
  −
  −
After
  −
formatting, it should look like
  −
 
  −
  −
'''TREES'''
  −
 
  −
  −
Trees are very important things
  −
in our daily lives. They provide us ''food ''and ''oxygen'' –
  −
two most <u>vital</u> things for our survival. Some trees have
  −
medicinal value. Some other trees gives us wood. This wood is used in
  −
building homes, making furniture and as a source of fuel too. It is
  −
very important not to cut trees and to <u>'''plant more trees.'''</u>
  −
 
  −
  −
== Summary ==
  −
  −
# A word processor lets you to create a document, store it on the disk, show it on a screen, make changes to it using the keyboard, and print it on a printer.
  −
# A word processor can insert, delete, cut, copy and paste text.
  −
# Some popular word processors are Microsoft Word, LibreOffice writer, OpenOffice Writer, Google Docs.
  −
# Microsoft Word works only on Microsoft Windows operating system and the files created using it has a .docx extension.
  −
# LibreOffice Writer works on many operating systems including Ubuntu GNU/Linux and Microsoft Windows. The files created using it has a .odt extenstion.
  −
# Using MS Word and LibreOffice Writer, you learnt how to make changes to the text, format characters and paragraphs and create lists with bullets and numbers.
  −
  −
== Exercises ==
  −
  −
# Open Microsoft Word (This can be done in Kannada or English)
  −
## Type your names. ii. Change the way your names look.
  −
## Make copies of your names without retyping them.
  −
## Move your names to the middle of the page without retyping them.
  −
#
  −
# Make a list of states in India using numbers in Microsoft Word.
  −
# Write a letter to your teacher asking for 15 days leave, using LibreOffice Writer.
  −
# Make a list of your friends using bullets in LibreOffice Writer.
  −
  −
== Additional resources ==
  −
  −
'''Press
  −
F1 function key when using MS Word or LibreOffice for help in using
  −
them.'''
  −
 
  −
  −
'''[[http://www.libreoffice.org/get-help/documentation/#wg]]'''
  −
 
  −
  −
'''[[http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/word-help/]]'''
  −
 
  −
  −
= 4.Browsing the Internet =
  −
  −
== Chapter objectives ==
  −
  −
In
  −
this chapter, you will learn about,
  −
 
  −
  −
# Computer Network
  −
# Internet
  −
# Software and Hardware required to connect to the Internet
  −
# World Wide Web and URLs
  −
# Internet Browsers
  −
# Browsing the Internet
  −
  −
== The Internet ==
  −
  −
How do we get electricity in our homes? Electricity flows through a
  −
network which is a connection of power lines, cables, towers and
  −
reaches our homes.
  −
 
  −
  −
  −
There are different kinds of networks; rail network, road network,
  −
telephone, water supply network and many more. A network is a
  −
connection of many components. Also, networks are shared by many
  −
people.
  −
 
  −
  −
  −
Even computers can be connected in a network. A computer network is a
  −
group of two or more computer systems linked together. Computer
  −
networks can be broadly classifed as,
  −
 
  −
  −
* '''Local Area networks (LANs)''' ''':''' The computers are close together (may be, in the same building).
  −
* '''Wide Area networks (WANs)''' ''':''' The computers are farther apart and are connected by telephone lines or radio waves.  [[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m163d865d.png]]
  −
''Hub''
  −
  −
In your lab, you must have seen all the computers (clients) connected
  −
to one main computer - “the server”. It is a LAN. The cables
  −
from the clients are connected to a device called a 'hub', and the
  −
hub is connected to the server. A hub is a common connection point
  −
for devices in a network.
  −
 
  −
  −
  −
  −
Do you know what can be shared in a computer network? You can share
  −
files, information and even some hardware devices using a computer
  −
network.
  −
 
  −
  −
What is the use of sharing information over a computer network? You
  −
might have booked train or bus tickets when you travel across the
  −
state. To book a ticket you need to find out which train or bus goes
  −
from your place to wherever you want to go and also if the tickets
  −
are available on the dates you want to travel. If your computer is
  −
connected to the computer in a railway reservation office which has
  −
the information about the trains and ticket availability, you can
  −
book tickets from home. Such a connection of computers is called an
  −
'''Internet connection.''' Information is communicated and shared
  −
between the two computers, through such an Internet connection.
  −
 
  −
  −
  −
If you want information about some book available in your library,
  −
you can connect to the library's computer from home and get the
  −
information that you want. There are many such computers in different
  −
organisations giving us different types of information. These
  −
computers are all connected to one another. This is called the
  −
'''Internet.'''
  −
 
  −
  −
  −
So, for sharing or getting information from another computer on the
  −
Internet, you need a connection to the Internet.
  −
 
  −
  −
  −
'''What do you need to connect to the Internet?'''
  −
 
  −
  −
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_b6ef5d3.png]]
  −
''Modem''
  −
 
  −
Before you can connect to the Internet, you must have a
  −
computer, a modem (A modem is a hardware device that allows a
  −
computer to transmit data over telephone or cable lines) and access
  −
to a telephone line which is connected to the Internet and a software
  −
to connect.
  −
 
  −
 
  −
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m18aa5759.png]]
  −
''Data
  −
card''
  −
 
  −
You can also use a device called data card for connecting to
  −
the internet without any wire connections. The data cards use the
  −
mobile phones network to connect to the internet.
  −
 
  −
  −
The connection software is provided usually by the service providers
  −
(which are mostly telephone companies)
  −
 
  −
  −
  −
== World Wide Web (WWW) ==
  −
  −
There are millions of pages of shared information on the computers in
  −
the network, created by many people and organizations, in the form of
  −
'web pages' accessed using a software application called a 'web
  −
browser'. This information network is called the World Wide Web. The
  −
source of information is called the web site. A web site is a
  −
collection of related web pages of information.
  −
 
  −
  −
== Web Browser ==
  −
  −
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_2853baf8.png]]Once
  −
you are connected to the Internet and are ready to look for things,
  −
you will need a software called the web Browser. There are many
  −
browsers available like Mozilla Firefox, Windows Internet Explorer,
  −
Apple's Safari, Google Chrome etc. All browsers will have similar
  −
functions. In this chapter you will learn to use Mozilla Firefox to
  −
browse the web. Browse
  −
the web means look for things on the internet.
  −
 
  −
  −
Click on the icon on your top panel to start the Firefox Internet
  −
browser when you are using Ubuntu. You will see a screen like this.
  −
 
  −
  −
  −
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m6d5142b8.gif]][[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m1c8b9ecd.jpg]]
  −
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_5057183e.gif]]
  −
  −
  −
  −
A website is nothing but a folder on a computer connected to the
  −
Internet, which has a 'address ' . You will have to enter the address
  −
of a website in the address bar (see the picture). This address is
  −
also called Uniform Resource Locator (URL).
  −
 
  −
  −
In the address bar, type [[www.wikipedia.org]]
  −
and press enter. This is a website where you can find information on
  −
many subjects.
  −
 
  −
  −
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_292fca48.png]]
  −
This website has information on many languages. Move the mouse
  −
pointer on English and you will find that the pointer has changed to
  −
a hand. These are links to other sections of the web site. They are
  −
called hyperlinks. A hyperlink is a mechanism by which a web page is
  −
linked to another related web page. Text, images can be made into
  −
hyper links. A
  −
hyperlink is usually underlined.
  −
 
  −
  −
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_1afcbe46.png]]
  −
When you click on English, you get the information from the
  −
encyclopedia in English.
  −
 
  −
  −
There are different sections, if you look at the right hand top
  −
corner, giving information about Arts, History, Maths, Science etc.
  −
You can click on Maths and search on a certain topic. Type
  −
multiplication in the search box that you see just above the
  −
different sections. You will get an article about Multiplication.
  −
 
  −
  −
  −
'''Search Engines'''
  −
 
  −
  −
A search engine is used to
  −
search for information on the World Wide Web. It
  −
keeps a track of all web pages. We can search for information we want
  −
by providing a word or a sentence to a search engine. Google is a
  −
very popular search engine. In your browser's address bar type
  −
'[[www.google.com]]'
  −
. In the search box you see type 'sachin tendulkar centuries'. You
  −
will see a list of all the webpages having information about Sachin
  −
Tendulkar's centuries. You can click on the hyper links and get more
  −
information.
  −
 
  −
  −
== Lab exercises ==
  −
  −
== Visit the following websites ==
  −
  −
# kn.wikipedia.org , kannada.samachar.com , irctc.com rmsa.karnatakaeducation.org.in dsert.kar.nic.in
  −
# Search for NCERT Textbooks for Class VIII using google.com
  −
  −
== Chapter summary ==
  −
  −
# Files, information and even some hardware devices can be shared using a computer network.
  −
# Information is communicated and shared between the computers through an Internet connection.
  −
# A computer, modem and access to a telephone line which is connected to the Internet and a connection software is required to connect to the Internet.
  −
# A web site is a collection of related web pages of information.
  −
# A software application called a web browser is required to look for things on the Internet's World Wide Web.
  −
# A search engine is used to search for information on the World Wide Web
  −
  −
== Exercises ==
  −
  −
Choose the correct answer
  −
 
  −
  −
# Internet is a network of
  −
## Roads 2. Rails 3. Computers 4. Water pipes
  −
#
  −
# Which of these is not a browser
  −
## Safari 2. Chrome 3. Nautilus 4. Firefox
  −
#
  −
# The device used to connect without wires to the Internet is called
  −
## USB Flash drive 2. Data card 3. Memory Card 4.Modem
  −
#
  −
  −
Say True or False
  −
 
  −
  −
# Internet is a network of computers
  −
# A Modem is required to connect to the Internet without wires
  −
# Wikipedia is a website
  −
# WWW stands for world wide web
  −
# URL stands for Unknown resource locator
  −
  −
== Additional Resources ==
  −
  −
[[http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet]]
  −
 
  −
  −
 
  −
  −
= 5.Mind mapping =
  −
  −
== Mind mapping with Freemind ==
  −
  −
== Chapter objectives ==
  −
  −
In this
  −
chapter you will be able to
  −
 
  −
  −
# Understand the meaning of a mind map
  −
# Learn how to use mind maps
  −
# And learn how to create mind maps using a software application called '''Freemind'''
  −
  −
== What is a mind map? ==
  −
  −
Close
  −
your eyes and think of a word. For example think about the word
  −
plant. Now think of all the words that that come into your mind when
  −
you think about the word plant. List these words in your notebook.
  −
 
  −
  −
  −
Some
  −
of the common thoughts/words that would
  −
come into mind when thinking about plants are:
  −
 
  −
  −
  −
'''
  −
PLANT WATER PHOTOSYNTHESIS LEAF '''
  −
 
  −
  −
'''
  −
FLOWER ROOT STEM '''
  −
 
  −
  −
''' SOIL SUNLIGHT CARBON
  −
DI OXIDE '''
     −
  −
  −
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_7eb78929.png]]These
  −
words have meaning that can be pictured in the mind. These words can
  −
be called '''concept'''
  −
words. '''Concept'''
  −
is a way of describing a word that can be pictured in the mind. It is
  −
also any thought, idea, belief, picture or image that is formed in
  −
the mind when we think of a word or topic. For example, one concept
  −
for plant is that it is a living thing.
  −
  −
  −
   
   
 
   
 
Now
 
Now
−
look at these words:
+
add more c'''oncept'''
 +
words to the above picture or map by linking one '''concept'''
 +
to many other concepts to make a m'''ind
 +
map'''
 +
of the topic plant.
    
   
 
   
−
+
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m1c8b9ecd.jpg|50px]]  
−
''' HAVE
  −
USING NEED'''
  −
 
  −
  −
''' CARRY-OUT'''
  −
 
  −
  −
  −
  −
These
  −
words are not '''concept''' words
  −
but <u>'''link'''</u>
  −
two or more '''concept''' words
  −
together. For example,
  −
plants have roots, leaves, stem, flower. So one concept may be
  −
linked to many other concepts. This can be drawn like a map shown in
  −
the picture below.
  −
 
  −
  −
Now
  −
add more c'''oncept'''
  −
words to the above picture or map by linking one '''concept'''
  −
to many other concepts to make a m'''ind
  −
map'''
  −
of the topic plant.
  −
 
  −
  −
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m1c8b9ecd.jpg]]  
   
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m1edfa6e3.gif]][[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m2cefd992.gif]]  
 
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m1edfa6e3.gif]][[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m2cefd992.gif]]  
 
   
 
   
Line 2,734: Line 1,962:     
   
 
   
−
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m4bf81e5d.gif]][[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_71b3ab50.gif]][[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m1c8b9ecd.jpg]]  
+
[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m4bf81e5d.gif]][[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_71b3ab50.gif]][[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m1c8b9ecd.jpg|50px]]  
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
Line 2,840: Line 2,068:  
''Figure 6''  The topic or main concept is ANIMALS. The different animals are reptiles, mammals, fish, birds, amphibians. List all the animals you know in each category. The mindmap has been started for you. See Figure 6 below. Complete it with all the animals you know.
 
''Figure 6''  The topic or main concept is ANIMALS. The different animals are reptiles, mammals, fish, birds, amphibians. List all the animals you know in each category. The mindmap has been started for you. See Figure 6 below. Complete it with all the animals you know.
 
   
 
   
−
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## Select one of the vertices of the triangle (A,B or C) and move the points ('''Move''' tool) to change the shape of the triangles.
 
## Select one of the vertices of the triangle (A,B or C) and move the points ('''Move''' tool) to change the shape of the triangles.
 
#
 
#
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  [[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m5fe95702.gif]] [[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m43c97b62.gif]] [[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_3d47a81a.jpg|50px]]  
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
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# Calculate the ratio: In the Input bar write: r1=Distance[A,B]/Distance[A,D]. AB and AD are corresponding sides in the two triangles. Repeat the command for the other two pairs of corresponding sides.
 
# Calculate the ratio: In the Input bar write: r1=Distance[A,B]/Distance[A,D]. AB and AD are corresponding sides in the two triangles. Repeat the command for the other two pairs of corresponding sides.
 
# Change the shape of the triangle by moving the points you are able to move (use the Move tool). Are the triangles still similar? What happens to the ratios?
 
# Change the shape of the triangle by moving the points you are able to move (use the Move tool). Are the triangles still similar? What happens to the ratios?
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## ABCD is your square.
 
## ABCD is your square.
 
## Measure the sides using the '''Distance or Length tool'''. What do you observe? What are the properties of a square?
 
## Measure the sides using the '''Distance or Length tool'''. What do you observe? What are the properties of a square?
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## [[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_3d47a81a.jpg]]Move the points A or B using the '''Move tool. '''Is ABCD still a square?
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## [[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_3d47a81a.jpg|50px]]Move the points A or B using the '''Move tool. '''Is ABCD still a square?
 
#
 
#
 
    
 
    
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# Using a mindmap, map out all what you understand by the term democracy. Work in groups and present it to your classmates and come up with your own definitions of the term.
 
# Using a mindmap, map out all what you understand by the term democracy. Work in groups and present it to your classmates and come up with your own definitions of the term.
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# [[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m1c8b9ecd.jpg]]Create a photo essay of the social and civic issues in your neighbourhood
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# [[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m1c8b9ecd.jpg|50px]]Create a photo essay of the social and civic issues in your neighbourhood
 
        
 
        
 
{| border="1"
 
{| border="1"
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{| border="1"
 
{| border="1"
 
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{| border="1"
 
{| border="1"
 
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|-
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[[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_7d121b88.gif]][[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m1c8b9ecd.jpg|50px]]On
 
the left side, you can see the different earth views for example
 
the left side, you can see the different earth views for example
 
precipitation in July and December, rainfall in July and December
 
precipitation in July and December, rainfall in July and December
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# Identify the regions where there is heavy rainfall in June and December. Are there any similar regions? What could be the reason?
 
# Identify the regions where there is heavy rainfall in June and December. Are there any similar regions? What could be the reason?
 
# Which are the hot zones on the earth and which are the cold zones? What could be the reason?
 
# Which are the hot zones on the earth and which are the cold zones? What could be the reason?
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# Turn the globe upside down. Note down some of the main differences you feel could happen because of this. (For example, Australia on top.)  [[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_3d47a81a.jpg]]
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# Turn the globe upside down. Note down some of the main differences you feel could happen because of this. (For example, Australia on top.)  [[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_3d47a81a.jpg|50px]]
 
   
 
   
 
        
 
        
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# Prepare a concept map on what you think the environment consists of. What are the environmental problems that you are aware of? Have you observed anything like this in your surrounding areas? It is important for us to participate in saving the environment.
 
# Prepare a concept map on what you think the environment consists of. What are the environmental problems that you are aware of? Have you observed anything like this in your surrounding areas? It is important for us to participate in saving the environment.
 
# How many borewells/ wells are there in and around your school? Are all of them functioning? What do you think could be the reasons for the drying up of borewells? Prepare a note on why ground water conservation is important. You can use the Internet to look for pictures and other websites for your sharing.
 
# How many borewells/ wells are there in and around your school? Are all of them functioning? What do you think could be the reasons for the drying up of borewells? Prepare a note on why ground water conservation is important. You can use the Internet to look for pictures and other websites for your sharing.
−
# In the first week of every month, record the temperature. Prepare a table of the data that you have collected.                                      {| border="1" |- |    | Minimun  | Maximum  | Rainfall  |- | January  |    |    |    |- | February  |    |    |    |- | …....  |    |    |    |- | December  |    |    |    |} [[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m3c0e3d90.gif]][[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m43ce02a3.gif]][[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m1c8b9ecd.jpg]]
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# In the first week of every month, record the temperature. Prepare a table of the data that you have collected.                                      {| border="1" |- |    | Minimun  | Maximum  | Rainfall  |- | January  |    |    |    |- | February  |    |    |    |- | …....  |    |    |    |- | December  |    |    |    |} [[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m3c0e3d90.gif]][[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m43ce02a3.gif]][[Image:ICT%20Phase%203%20%20-%20Resource%20Book%208th%20Standard%20ENGLISH%20-%2070%20Pages_html_m1c8b9ecd.jpg|50px]]
 
    
 
    
 
== Additional exercises ==
 
== Additional exercises ==
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and Editing'''
 
and Editing'''
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Anupama
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Joshi Bindu Thirumalai
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Technical
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Project Associate, Programme Associate,
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IT
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Krittika
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Vishwanath Sriranjani Ranganathan
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Associate, Programme Associate,
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IT
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for Change IT for Change
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'''Formatting
 
'''Formatting
 
&amp; Copy Editing'''
 
&amp; Copy Editing'''
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[[Category:Textbooks]]
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Srinidhi
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Raghavan
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Research
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Assistant,
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IT
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for Change
 
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