Bureaucrats, oversight, Administrators
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= Concept Map =
= Concept Map =
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[[File:Development.mm|Flash]]
= Textbook =
= Textbook =
#[http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Economic_Development Wikibooks on Economic development]
#[http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Economic_Development Wikibooks on Economic development]
#[http://gknowledgecbse10.blogspot.in/2013/04/chapter-1-development.html a thought provoking article on development relating to development]
#[http://gknowledgecbse10.blogspot.in/2013/04/chapter-1-development.html a thought provoking article on development relating to development]
Human Development Reports
#[http://hdr.undp.org/en/2013-report 2013 Human Development Report]
#[http://hdr.undp.org/en/countries/profiles/IND India Country Human Development Report, 2013]
Gender and development
#[http://wcd.nic.in/gbhb/Link%20hand%20pdf/Hand%20Book%20Chap%202.pdf useful publication from Government of India, on gender and budgeting]. Annexure A has a description of important concepts relating to gender
#[http://wcd.nic.in/gbhb/Link%20hand%20pdf/Hand%20Book%20Chap%202.pdf useful publication from Government of India, on gender and budgeting]. Annexure A has a description of important concepts relating to gender
===Activity ===
===Activities===
#[[Development_development activity1]]
#Activity 1 - [[Development_development activity1 | Discussion on 'Under Development']]
#[[Development_development activity2]]
#Activity 2 - [[Development_development activity2 | Second Activity]]
==Key Idea #2 Income and Development==
==Key Idea #2 Income and Development==
National Income is an important indicator for development - greater the national income, more the development (ceteris paribus). Faster the growth of income, more the development (ceteris paribus).
Hence growth in national income (or growth in gross national product, GNP) is seen as an important variable.
However growth in income does not imply equitable or equal distribution. Where income is equitably distributed, the increase in human welfare tends to be higher.Where it is distributed unequally, human welfare, overall may not rise in proportion. The
The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gini_coefficient Gini coefficient] (also known as the Gini index or Gini ratio) measures the statistical dispersion of the income distribution of a nation's residents. It was developed by the Italian statistician and sociologist [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corrado_Gini Corrado Gini]. India has relatively a low gini co-efficient, suggesting more equitable spread of income distribution, though it has increased in last two decades of economic liberalisation. All over the world, the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gini_coefficient Gini coefficient] is increasing, including in the USA, where it is seen as an [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Income_inequality_in_the_United_States important challenge for capitalist democracy].
===Learning objectives===
===Learning objectives===
#Role of Income in development
#Role of rate of growth of income in development
#Link between growth in income and other development parameters
===Notes for teachers===
===Notes for teachers===
Growth in national income usually leads to increase in taxes collected which enables government to fund developmental activities. The allocations at national and state levels for education has been consistently rising in the last two decades due to higher growth rates in national income (Gross National Product or GNP)
===Activity ===
===Activity ===
#[[Development_income and development activity1]]
#[[Development_income and development activity1]]
===Notes for teachers===
===Notes for teachers===
There are many articles on the inequitable growth in many economies in the last 2-3 decades, where the gap between the rich and the poor (measured by the 'Gini co-efficient') has increased many times. It is important to explain that mere growth is not synonymous with development. Growth with equity and the nature of growth (sustainable, environment friendly etc) are important factors to consider.
There are many articles on the inequitable growth in many economies in the last 2-3 decades, where the gap between the rich and the poor (measured by the 'Gini co-efficient') has increased many times. It is important to explain that mere growth is not synonymous with development. Growth with equity and the nature of growth (sustainable, environment friendly etc) are important factors to consider.
Every year, the UNDP produces the Human Development Reports for all countries to measure their levels of human development. UNDP has a special website only for these [http://hdr.undp.org/en/statistics/hdi Human Development Reports].
In India, different state governments prepare the state level Human Development Reports at different times. Recently Karnataka Government has initiated the creation of district Human Development Reports for all districts. You can collect the Human Development Report for your district and discuss the same with the students. Looking at the 'local' Human Development Report will make it more meaningful for learning.
===Activity ===
===Activity ===
#[[Development_Human development activity1]]
#[[Development_Human development activity1|Human development aspects]]
#[[Development_Human development activity2]]
#[[Development_Human development activity2|Discussion on Millenium Development Goals (MDGs)]]
==Key Idea #4 Gender and development ==
==Key Idea #4 Gender and development ==
Women and men share many aspects of living together, collaborate with each other in complex and ubiquitous ways, and yet end up - often enough – with very different rewards and deprivations. From looking at the state of advantages and deprivations that women and men respectively have, there is an important need to look at the contrast between (i) the efforts and sacrifices made by each, and (ii) the rewards and benefits respectively enjoyed. This contrast is important for a better understanding of gender injustice in the contemporary world. The exacting nature of women’s efforts and contributions, without commensurate rewards, is a particularly important subject,”1. Often there is a need for looking at the measurable indicators that show the evidence of inequity so that proper policies and programmes can be devised. Realising the importance, the Human Development Report2 started calculating gender related indices in recent years
The Gender-related Development Index (GDI) is a composite indicator of gender equality, developed by the United Nations (UN). It is one of the five indicators used by the United Nations Development Programme in its annual Human Development Report (UNDP). It aims to show the inequalities between men and women in the following areas: long and healthy life, knowledge, and a decent standard of living. [http://www.wikigender.org/index.php/Gender-related_Development_Index (source)]
The Gender-related Development Index (GDI) is a composite indicator of gender equality, developed by the United Nations (UN). It is one of the five indicators used by the United Nations Development Programme in its annual Human Development Report (UNDP). It aims to show the inequalities between men and women in the following areas: long and healthy life, knowledge, and a decent standard of living. [http://www.wikigender.org/index.php/Gender-related_Development_Index (source)]
===Activity ===
===Activity ===
#[[Development_gender and development activity1]]
#[[Development_gender and development activity1|Discussion on planning for gender related development through 'gender budgeting']]
#[[Development_gender and development activity2]]
#[[Development_gender and development activity2|Sex ratio and gender justice]]
= Project Ideas =
= Project Ideas =
How countries have developed over the last 200 years
See the video on http://www.gapminder.org/videos/200-years-that-changed-the-world/#.U8JZszf_QjA (this is a very powerful video, must see it)
Write an essay comparing the development of the developed countries and developing countries. Where is India and China in this picture?
= Community Based Project =
= Community Based Project =
Deliberate in your essay - have all families developed to the same extent? What factors affected this?
Deliberate in your essay - have all families developed to the same extent? What factors affected this?
What can be done by Government to improve the conditions of the poor and under previleged? What can other actors in society do?
What can be done by Government to improve the conditions of the poor and under previleged? What can other actors in society do?
[[Category:Economics]]
[[Category:India]]
[[Category:Class_10]]
