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== Notes for teachers ==

== Teaching Outlines ==

==Structural Transformation==

===Concept 1: Structural Transformation===

===Definition===  

====Definition====  

Large-scale transfer of resources from some sectors to others in a system, necessitated by fundamental changes in its policies or objectives. (http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/structural-transformation.html)

Large-scale transfer of resources from some sectors to others in a system, necessitated by fundamental changes in its policies or objectives. (http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/structural-transformation.html)

Meaning: Structural transformation is an important feature of the development process and is the cause and effect of economic growth. The four key process of structural transformation are:  

====Meaning====: Structural transformation is an important feature of the development process and is the cause and effect of economic growth. The four key process of structural transformation are:  

Declining share of agriculture in GDP and employment

Declining share of agriculture in GDP and employment

Rural-urban migration which stimulates urbanization

Rural-urban migration which stimulates urbanization

Demographic transition from high birth and death rates (indicates poor health) to low birth and death rates (indicates better health)

Demographic transition from high birth and death rates (indicates poor health) to low birth and death rates (indicates better health)

===More background:===

====More background====

General - Timmer lecture

General - Timmer lecture [http://iis-db.stanford.edu/pubs/22133/Timmer_wendt_lecture.pdf]

For Indian context - EPW paper

For Indian context - EPW paper[http://www.epw.in/review-rural-affairs/stunted-structural-transformation-indian-economy.html]

===Useful Tables:===

====Useful Tables====

Agricultural Productivity

-- Agricultural Productivity

1. FAO Global Stats 2

1. FAO Stats [http://www.fao.org/docrep/018/i3107e/i3107e01.pdf]

Page 4 - Charts 1 and 2

Page 4 - Charts 1 and 2

Page 8 - Chart 6

Page 8 - Chart 6

Page 3 - Table 1

Page 3 - Table 1

===Migration ===

-- Migration  

http://censusindia.gov.in/Census_And_You/migrations.aspx

http://censusindia.gov.in/Census_And_You/migrations.aspx

http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/columns/sainath/census-findings-point-to-decade-of-rural-distress/article2484996.ece

http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/columns/sainath/census-findings-point-to-decade-of-rural-distress/article2484996.ece

*Discuss*: Have you seen many youth migrate from your village? Can you think of some effects this has on their families and the village economy

''*Discuss*: Have you seen many youth migrate from your village? Can you think of some effects this has on their families and the village economy?''

 

-- Shares of agriculture, industry and services to GDP:

Shares of agriculture, industry and services to GDP

http://data.gov.in/visualize.php?inst=a6ca4ca77a76fb61a9d676e56d39d210&nid=11045

http://data.gov.in/visualize.php?inst=a6ca4ca77a76fb61a9d676e56d39d210&nid=11045

Birth and Death Rates

-- Birth and Death Rates

1. Demographic Indicators

1. Demographic Indicators

Page 16 - Tables 1.2.1 - 1.2.6

Page 16 - Tables 1.2.1 - 1.2.6

http://data.gov.in/visualize.php?inst=53577095241fe11ec48e9efcecdd1751&nid=4629

http://data.gov.in/visualize.php?inst=53577095241fe11ec48e9efcecdd1751&nid=4629

==Sources of Income==

===Concept 2: Sources of Income===

Market: It is a place where buyers and sellers interact to determine prices and exchange goods and services.  

Market: It is a place where buyers and sellers interact to determine prices and exchange goods and services.  

[referenced Samuelson and Nordhaus, 18th edition]

[referenced Samuelson and Nordhaus, 18th edition]

[insert circular flow of income]

http://www.tutor2u.net/blog/index.php/economics/comments/study-note-the-circular-flow-of-income

*Think*: Where do you think your parents’ salary or wages fits in the above diagram?

''*Think*: Where do you think your parents’ salary or wages fits in the above diagram?

*Do*: Find out about some taxes that the government collects from individuals and companies.

*Do*: Find out about some taxes that the government collects from individuals and companies.

*Do*: Draw the circular flow of income for your village economy using examples from what you see.  

*Do*: Draw the circular flow of income for your village economy using examples from what you see.  

*Discuss*: Using examples from your knowledge of history, discuss the evolution of the role of government in an economy.

*Discuss*: Using examples from your knowledge of history, discuss the evolution of the role of government in an economy''.

==Sources of Employment:==

===Concept 3:Sources of Employment===

[insert table about employment by sector in India]  

[insert table about employment by sector in India]  

*Discuss*: Can you identify anyone who is an NREGA beneficiary? Why do you think the program was introduced? Talk to them about the kind of walk the program offers, its impact on their decision to migrate (or not)

*Discuss*: Can you identify anyone who is an NREGA beneficiary? Why do you think the program was introduced? Talk to them about the kind of walk the program offers, its impact on their decision to migrate (or not)

Static vs. dynamic economy:

===Concept 4: Static vs. dynamic economy===

Static economy: is one in which normal economic activities (production, consumption, etc.) take place but there is no change in the size of the economy or in the level of national output, stock of capital, prices and employment. Such an economy is not realistic but is useful for theoretical analysis. Another feature is that the variables used in this analysis are in the same point of time. A static economy is therefore a timeless economy. The purpose of using such a model is to understand relationships between related variables under static conditions.  

Static economy: is one in which normal economic activities (production, consumption, etc.) take place but there is no change in the size of the economy or in the level of national output, stock of capital, prices and employment. Such an economy is not realistic but is useful for theoretical analysis. Another feature is that the variables used in this analysis are in the same point of time. A static economy is therefore a timeless economy. The purpose of using such a model is to understand relationships between related variables under static conditions.  

Dynamic economy: is one in which economic forces and factors are constantly changing. Such a model takes time into account and is therefore useful to predict the future course of an economy.  

Dynamic economy: is one in which economic forces and factors are constantly changing. Such a model takes time into account and is therefore useful to predict the future course of an economy.  

Differences between the two: [insert from book referenced below]

Differences:  

http://books.google.co.in/books?id=ChuoPjW9NXcC&pg=PA34&lpg=PA34&dq=static+economy+dynamic+economy&source=bl&ots=mR9baKunpc&sig=PB5VqxD11tlmzM6DMPAInRzERKk&hl=en&sa=X&ei=3N_fUd2IDcuPrgfnpYDADQ&ved=0CDoQ6AEwAjgK#v=onepage&q=static%20economy%20dynamic%20economy&f=false

http://books.google.co.in/books?id=ChuoPjW9NXcC&pg=PA34&lpg=PA34&dq=static+economy+dynamic+economy&source=bl&ots=mR9baKunpc&sig=PB5VqxD11tlmzM6DMPAInRzERKk&hl=en&sa=X&ei=3N_fUd2IDcuPrgfnpYDADQ&ved=0CDoQ6AEwAjgK#v=onepage&q=static%20economy%20dynamic%20economy&f=false