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From Karnataka Open Educational Resources
Introduction to ICT the computer (view source)
Revision as of 09:06, 4 June 2014
, 09:06, 4 June 2014→Types of computers
== '''History of computers''' ==
== '''History of computers''' ==
[[Image:Introduction-Part3_html_m21bc9239.png|thumb | left]]
[[Image:Introduction-Part3_html_m21bc9239.png|thumb | left|World's First Computer]]
[[Image:Introduction-Part3_html_797aeff2.png|thumb| right|Punch Card]]
which could turn electricity in a circuit 'on' or 'off'.This turning 'on'
which could turn electricity in a circuit 'on' or 'off'.This turning 'on'
and 'off' could be used to instruct computers to do calculations.
and 'off' could be used to instruct computers to do calculations.
[[Image:Introduction-Part3_html_248b96c3.png|thumb|left]]<br>
[[Image:Introduction-Part3_html_248b96c3.png|thumb|left|Integrated Circuit]]<br>
During the early 1970s, with the invention of Integrated Circuits (IC) computers
During the early 1970s, with the invention of Integrated Circuits (IC) computers
became faster, cheaper and smaller.Many transistors were connected together to form one IC. These computers had keyboard and monitor as input-output devices. (You will learn about input and output devices in the next chapter)...
became faster, cheaper and smaller.Many transistors were connected together to form one IC. These computers had keyboard and monitor as input-output devices. (You will learn about input and output devices in the next chapter)...
[[Image:Introduction-Part3_html_m67180220.png|right|Microprocessor]]<br>
Over the last decade, the computers became so small that it could fit in a hand. This was possible because of many integrated circuits on one
small square called a microprocessor or a chip which became the main part of the computer. Mouse, an input device was developed. These small and powerful computers were connected together to share information between computers and this period saw the birth and
growth of Internet (you will study in detail about Internet in one of the chapters).
Now-a-days,we see smart phones and tablets (which are small touch screen computers).
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== '''Uses of computers''' ==
'''Can you think of all the places where you have seen computers?
'''
Computers are used in many places like banks, schools, railway stations,libraries, shopping complexes, and in various fields like education,communications, business, research, development and many more.
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== '''Types of computers''' ==
Based on the processing power, storage capacity and cost, computers are classified as,
[[Image:Introduction-Part3_html_m36a503f5.png|thumb|left|Super Computers]]<br>
'''(a)'''Supercomputers- The most powerful computers.They are used for highly complex problems like launching a rocket in the space or weather prediction. Supercomputers are used by universities and government agencies.
[[Image:Introduction-Part3_html_m7134f31.png|right|Mainframe Computers]]<br>
'''(b)''' Mainframe Computers - Usually slower, less powerful and cost less than supercomputers. They are used in large organisations, like banks and businesses.
[[Image:Introduction-Part3_html_366ca35c.png|left|Personal Computers]]<br>
'''(c)''' Microcomputers, or personal computers - The small and low cost computers. Microcomputers are more commonly known as personal computers (PC). Personal computers are further classified as (a) Stationary (b) Mobile.
[[File:Introduction-Part3_html_m209f7f73.png|right|Laptop Computer]]
[[Image:Introduction-Part3_html_248b96c3.png|thumb]]<br>
'''(a)''' Stationary personal computers are desktop computers
'''(b)''' Mobile personal computers are
(a) Laptop - A laptop computer popularly called laptop, or notebook computer, is a small personal computer designed for carrying where ever we go.
[[File:Introduction-Part3_html_m13a157ca.png|left|Tablet PC]]
(b) Netbook – A netbook is a small, light and low cost laptop computer.
(c) Tablet PC - A tablet PC is a notebook or slate-shaped mobile computer. It takes input from the monitor itself, without a separate keyboard. You can input data into the computer using a stylus (digital pen), or your finger. The monitor is called touch screen. Where else have you seen touch screen monitors?
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== '''Chapter summary''' ==
== Chapter summary ==
# Television, radio, telephone, mobile phones, computers and Internet are ICT tools.
# Television, radio, telephone, mobile phones, computers and Internet are ICT tools.
# A computer is a device which takes input, processes it and gives output which can be stored and shared.
# A computer is a device which takes input, processes it and gives output which can be stored and shared.
# A computer lets you do most of your daily jobs like writing a letter, solving problems, watching a film, playing games, listening to music and looking for things on the Internet.
# A computer lets you do most of your daily jobs like writing a letter, solving problems, watching a film, playing games, listening to music and looking for things on the Internet.
# Latest computers are touch screen (using finger tips or stylus) computers. They are also called tablet PCs and smart phones.
# Latest computers are touch screen (using finger tips or stylus) computers. They are also called tablet PCs and smart phones.
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== Exercises ==
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== '''Exercises''' ==
'''Choose the correct answer'''
'''Choose the correct answer'''
'''(a)''' The output can be
# Stored
# Shared
# Both (1) and (2)
'''(b)''' Latest computers use
# Microprocessors
# Transistors
# Vacuum tubes
'''(c)''' A personal computer is also a
# Supercomputer
# Microcomputer
# Mainframe computer
'''Say true or false'''
# ICT stands for Important Communication Technology.
# ICT stands for Important Communication Technology.
# The first computer was made of vacuum tubes.
# The first computer was made of vacuum tubes.
# Laptops are mainframes.
# Laptops are mainframes.
# Computers can be used to learn and solve mathematics.
# Computers can be used to learn and solve mathematics.
'''Activity'''
'''Activity'''
Some
Some of the uses of computers in education is given below. Think of moreuses and complete the table.
of the uses of computers in education is given below. Think of more
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== Additional resources ==
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# Learn more about the history of computers '''[[http://www.computersciencelab.com/ComputerHistory/History.htm]]''' '''[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_computing_hardware]]'''
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# '''Learn more about computer classification''' '''[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classes_of_computers]]'''
== '''Additional resources''' ==
# '''Learn more about the history of computers''' '''[[http://www.computersciencelab.com/ComputerHistory/History.htm Computer History]]''' '''[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_computing_hardware Computer Hardware]]'''
# '''Learn more about computer classification''' '''[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classes_of_computers Classes of Computer]]'''
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