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| + | ''[http://karnatakaeducation.org.in/KOER/index.php/ಬಹು_ಭುಜಾಕೃತಿಗಳು ಕನ್ನಡದಲ್ಲಿ ನೋಡಿ]''</div> |
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− | |style="width:10%; border:none; border-radius:5px;box-shadow: 10px 10px 10px #888888; background:#f9f9ff; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; "| | + | | style="width:10%; border:none; border-radius:5px;box-shadow: 10px 10px 10px #888888; background:#f9f9ff; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; " | |
| [http://karnatakaeducation.org.in/KOER/en/index.php/Mathematics:_History The Story of Mathematics] | | [http://karnatakaeducation.org.in/KOER/en/index.php/Mathematics:_History The Story of Mathematics] |
− | |style=" width:10%; border:none; border-radius:5px;box-shadow: 10px 10px 10px #888888; background:#f9f9ff; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; "|[http://karnatakaeducation.org.in/KOER/en/index.php/Mathematics:_Philosophy Philosophy of Mathematics] | + | | style=" width:10%; border:none; border-radius:5px;box-shadow: 10px 10px 10px #888888; background:#f9f9ff; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; " |[http://karnatakaeducation.org.in/KOER/en/index.php/Mathematics:_Philosophy Philosophy of Mathematics] |
− | |style=" width:10%; border:none; border-radius:5px;box-shadow: 10px 10px 10px #888888; background:#f9f9ff; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; "| | + | | style=" width:10%; border:none; border-radius:5px;box-shadow: 10px 10px 10px #888888; background:#f9f9ff; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; " | |
| [http://karnatakaeducation.org.in/KOER/en/index.php/Mathematics:_Pedagogy Teaching of Mathematics] | | [http://karnatakaeducation.org.in/KOER/en/index.php/Mathematics:_Pedagogy Teaching of Mathematics] |
− | |style=" width:10%; border:none; border-radius:5px;box-shadow: 10px 10px 10px #888888; background:#f9f9ff; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; "| | + | | style=" width:10%; border:none; border-radius:5px;box-shadow: 10px 10px 10px #888888; background:#f9f9ff; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; " | |
| [http://karnatakaeducation.org.in/KOER/en/index.php/Maths:_Curriculum_and_Syllabus Curriculum and Syllabus] | | [http://karnatakaeducation.org.in/KOER/en/index.php/Maths:_Curriculum_and_Syllabus Curriculum and Syllabus] |
− | |style=" width:10%; border:none; border-radius:5px;box-shadow: 10px 10px 10px #888888; background:#f9f9ff; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; "| | + | | style=" width:10%; border:none; border-radius:5px;box-shadow: 10px 10px 10px #888888; background:#f9f9ff; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; " | |
| [http://karnatakaeducation.org.in/KOER/en/index.php/Mathematics:_Topics Topics in School Mathematics] | | [http://karnatakaeducation.org.in/KOER/en/index.php/Mathematics:_Topics Topics in School Mathematics] |
− | |style=" width:10%; border:none; border-radius:5px;box-shadow: 10px 10px 10px #888888; background:#f9f9ff; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; "| | + | | style=" width:10%; border:none; border-radius:5px;box-shadow: 10px 10px 10px #888888; background:#f9f9ff; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; " | |
| [http://karnatakaeducation.org.in/KOER/en/index.php/Text_Books#Mathematics_-_Textbooks Textbooks] | | [http://karnatakaeducation.org.in/KOER/en/index.php/Text_Books#Mathematics_-_Textbooks Textbooks] |
− | |style=" width:10%; border:none; border-radius:5px;box-shadow: 10px 10px 10px #888888; background:#f9f9ff; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; "| | + | | style=" width:10%; border:none; border-radius:5px;box-shadow: 10px 10px 10px #888888; background:#f9f9ff; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; " | |
| [http://karnatakaeducation.org.in/KOER/en/index.php/Maths:_Question_Papers Question Bank] | | [http://karnatakaeducation.org.in/KOER/en/index.php/Maths:_Question_Papers Question Bank] |
| |} | | |} |
| While creating a resource page, please click here for a resource creation [http://karnatakaeducation.org.in/KOER/en/index.php/Resource_Creation_Checklist '''checklist''']. | | While creating a resource page, please click here for a resource creation [http://karnatakaeducation.org.in/KOER/en/index.php/Resource_Creation_Checklist '''checklist''']. |
| | | |
− | ==concept map== | + | ==Concept map== |
| | | |
− | <mm>[[polygons.mm|flash]]</mm>
| + | {{#drawio:mmPolygons|interactive}} |
− | = Textbook = | + | |
| + | == Textbook == |
| To add textbook links, please follow these instructions to: | | To add textbook links, please follow these instructions to: |
| ([{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/textbook|action=edit}} Click to create the subpage]) | | ([{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/textbook|action=edit}} Click to create the subpage]) |
| | | |
− | =Additional Information= | + | ==Additional Information== |
− | ==Useful websites== | + | === Resources === |
| + | |
| + | ==== Resource Title ==== |
| + | [http://www.mathopenref.com/tocs/polygontoc.html Polygons] |
| + | |
| + | ===Useful websites=== |
| 1. http://www.wyzant.com/resources/lessons/math/geometry/quadrilaterals/polygons . This website is good for referring to the theory regarding polygons. | | 1. http://www.wyzant.com/resources/lessons/math/geometry/quadrilaterals/polygons . This website is good for referring to the theory regarding polygons. |
− | ==Reference Books== | + | ===Reference Books=== |
| | | |
− | = Teaching Outlines = | + | == Teaching Outlines == |
| | | |
| # Introduction to polygon | | # Introduction to polygon |
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| # Characteristics of polygons. | | # Characteristics of polygons. |
| # Types of polygons. | | # Types of polygons. |
| + | |
| + | ==Building prior competencies== |
| + | Many student are entering Class 9 without adequate understanding of prior concepts like angles, line, etc. |
| + | Therefore, the following sequence of lessons has been suggested with a combination of hands-on activities, Geogebra work to build those concepts in students. |
| + | [[File:Polygon_prior_competencies_upload.mm|flash]] |
| + | |
| + | The following Geogebra files are used with associated lessons: |
| + | #[[:File:0. Angles introduction.ggb|Angles introduction]] |
| + | #[[:File:1. Complementary angles demonstration.ggb|Complementary angles]] |
| + | #[[:File:2. Supplementary angles demonstration.ggb|Supplementary angles]] |
| + | #[[:File:3. parallellines-2.ggb|Activity with parallel line]] |
| + | #[[:File:4. Introduction to a triangle.ggb|Demonstration of triangle]] |
| + | #[[:File:5. Introduction to a polygon.ggb|Polygon]] |
| + | |
| ==Concept #1. Introduction to polygons and nomenclature.== | | ==Concept #1. Introduction to polygons and nomenclature.== |
| ===Learning objectives=== | | ===Learning objectives=== |
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| | | |
| [[File:naming polygons.jpeg|400px]] | | [[File:naming polygons.jpeg|400px]] |
− |
| |
| | | |
| | | |
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| *Materials/ Resources needed: Laptop, geogebra file, projector and a pointer. | | *Materials/ Resources needed: Laptop, geogebra file, projector and a pointer. |
| *Prerequisites/Instructions, if any: | | *Prerequisites/Instructions, if any: |
− | # The students should know that lines intersect to form figures. | + | # Lines intersect to form figures. |
− | # In other words plane closed figures have atleast 3 sides. | + | # Plane closed figures have atleast 3 sides. |
| # The intersecting points of two lines is known as a vertex and the lines are the edges/sides. | | # The intersecting points of two lines is known as a vertex and the lines are the edges/sides. |
− | # The student should know the meaning of greek numerals uni, bi, tri ....etc. | + | # Meaning of greek numerals uni, bi, tri ....etc. |
| *Multimedia resources: Laptop | | *Multimedia resources: Laptop |
− | *Website interactives/ links/ / Geogebra Applets: This geogebra file has been created by Maths stf teachers. | + | *Website interactives/ links/ / Geogebra Applets: This geogebra file has been created by '''Smt Sarah Zakiya Madam, GUHS, Yellagondapalya.''' |
− | <ggb_applet width="1282" height="601" version="4.0" ggbBase64="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enableRightClick="false" showAlgebraInput="false" enableShiftDragZoom="true" showMenuBar="false" showToolBar="false" showToolBarHelp="true" enableLabelDrags="false" showResetIcon="true" /> | + | <span> </span> |
| + | |
| + | <span></span><div id="ggbContainerfbad5ae84c119793e6125f6c6fe3c642"></div><span></span> |
| *Process: | | *Process: |
| # The teacher can tell the students that they are surrounded by many different kinds of shapes every day. | | # The teacher can tell the students that they are surrounded by many different kinds of shapes every day. |
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| # Sheets of paper, scale, compass, protractor, pencil. | | # Sheets of paper, scale, compass, protractor, pencil. |
| *Prerequisites/Instructions, if any: | | *Prerequisites/Instructions, if any: |
− | # The students should know to draw different polygons and their names. | + | # Knowledge of different polygons and their names. |
− | # They should have the requisite formulae needed to do the calculations. | + | # Requisite formulae needed to do the calculations. |
− | # They should have the skills to perform and tabulate calculations accurately. | + | # Skills to perform and tabulate calculations accurately. |
| *Multimedia resources: | | *Multimedia resources: |
| *Website interactives/ links/ / Geogebra Applets: | | *Website interactives/ links/ / Geogebra Applets: |
− | Please refer to this website for more clarity on this activity :http://www.mathsisfun.com/geometry/regular-polygons.html | + | Please refer to this website for more clarity on this activity : http://www.mathsisfun.com/geometry/regular-polygons.html |
| *Process: | | *Process: |
| # Use the formulas listed in learning objectives above to make a table of Side, Apothem and Area, compared to a Radius of "1": | | # Use the formulas listed in learning objectives above to make a table of Side, Apothem and Area, compared to a Radius of "1": |
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| *Materials/ Resources needed: Chart papers, scissors, pencil, scale. | | *Materials/ Resources needed: Chart papers, scissors, pencil, scale. |
| *Prerequisites/Instructions, if any | | *Prerequisites/Instructions, if any |
− | # The students should have understanding of basic shapes like square, rectangle, parallelogram, triangle and trapezium. | + | # An understanding of basic shapes like square, rectangle, parallelogram, triangle and trapezium. |
− | # They should be able to draw mentioned shapes accurately and cut exactly on boundaries. | + | # Ability to draw mentioned shapes accurately and cut exactly on boundaries. |
| *Multimedia resources | | *Multimedia resources |
| *Website interactives/ links/ / Geogebra Applets | | *Website interactives/ links/ / Geogebra Applets |
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| | | |
| = Hints for difficult problems = | | = Hints for difficult problems = |
| + | [[:File:polygon problem.odt]] |
| + | ==Angle sum property== |
| + | CLASS IX TOPIC POLYGONS |
| + | ADDITIONAL PROBLEMS (problem no 3 ) |
| + | A polygon has 'n' sides .Two of it's angles are right angles and each of remaining angle isFind the value of 'n'. |
| + | Step 1;(Students must understand the problem) |
| + | In a polygon of side 'n' two angles are and other angles are each. We must find out value of 'n'. |
| + | Step 2(Students know the formula for sum of angles of polygon of side 'n') |
| + | (2n-4)right angles. |
| + | Step 3(Sum of the angles is equal to what?) |
| + | There are 'n' angles in a polygon of side 'n'.Out of 'n' angles 2 angles are right anles and other (n-2) angles are each. |
| + | |
| + | (2n-4) <math>90^0</math> = (n-2)<nowiki><math>\144^0+(2)(90^0)how to open the bracket and substitute the values)</nowiki> |
| + | |
| + | 2n x - 4 x = |
| + | |
| + | = (Brings similar terms at one side of the equation) |
| + | |
| + | = (Add and substract and simplify) |
| + | |
| + | = |
| + | |
| + | n = (Devide and simplify) |
| + | |
| + | n = 7 |
| | | |
| = Project Ideas = | | = Project Ideas = |
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| Create a new page and type <nowiki>{{subst:Math-Content}}</nowiki> to use this template | | Create a new page and type <nowiki>{{subst:Math-Content}}</nowiki> to use this template |
| + | |
| + | [[Category:Polygons]] |