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User:RaveendranKV (view source)

Revision as of 12:09, 30 December 2022

15,905 bytes added ,  12:09, 30 December 2022
i have added a glossary of loan words
Line 1: Line 1: −
Multilingual pedagogy
+
Multilingual pedag
 +
 
 +
ogy
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
|അത്തര്‍
 +
|attar
 +
|/ät̪:ɐr/
 +
|perfume
 +
|عطر
 +
|ʿaṭar
 +
|-
 +
|അദാലത്ത്
 +
|adālattŭ
 +
|/äd̪äːlɐt̪ːɨ̆/
 +
|court of justice
 +
|عدالة
 +
|ʿadāla(t)
 +
|-
 +
|അനാമത്ത്
 +
|anāmattŭ
 +
|/änäːmɐt̪ːɨ̆/
 +
|deposits given for security
 +
|امانة
 +
|amāna(t)
 +
|-
 +
|അസല്‍
 +
|asal
 +
|/äsɐl/
 +
|original document
 +
|أصل
 +
|aṣl
 +
|-
 +
|ആലം
 +
|ālaṁ
 +
|/äːlɐm/
 +
|world
 +
|عالم
 +
|ʿālm
 +
|-
 +
|ആപത്ത്
 +
|āpattŭ
 +
|/äːbɐt̪ːɨ̆/
 +
|danger
 +
|آفة
 +
|āffáthu
 +
|-
 +
|ഇക്ക
 +
|ikka
 +
|/ik:ä/
 +
|brother
 +
|أخ
 +
|akh
 +
|-
 +
|ഇത്ത
 +
|itta
 +
|/it̪:ä/
 +
|sister
 +
|أخت
 +
|ikht
 +
|-
 +
|ഇഷ്ക്ക്
 +
|iṣkkŭ
 +
|/iʂkɨ̆/
 +
|love
 +
|عشق
 +
|ʿishq
 +
|-
 +
|ഉപ്പ
 +
|uppa
 +
|/up:ä/
 +
|father
 +
|أب
 +
|ab
 +
|-
 +
|ഉമ്മ
 +
|umma
 +
|/um:ä/
 +
|mother
 +
|أم
 +
|um
 +
|-
 +
|ഉലുവ
 +
|uluva
 +
|/uluʋä/
 +
|Trigonella foenum-graecum
 +
|حلبة
 +
|hulba(t)
 +
|-
 +
|ഉസ്താദ്
 +
|ustādŭ
 +
|/ust̪ä:d̪ɨ̆/
 +
|Islamic teacher, scholar, imam
 +
|أستاذ
 +
|ustādh
 +
|-
 +
|ഒപ്പന
 +
|oppana
 +
|/op:ɐnä/
 +
|Oppana
 +
|عبنا
 +
|ʿabna
 +
|-
 +
|ഇഞ്ജീൽ
 +
|iñjīl
 +
|/iɲ:d͡ʒiːl/
 +
|Gospel (Bible)
 +
|الإنجيل
 +
|al-ʾinjīl
 +
|-
 +
|ഒസ്യത്ത്
 +
|osyattŭ
 +
|/osjɐt̪:ɨ̆/
 +
|the last will, testament
 +
|وصية
 +
|waṣya(t)
 +
|-
 +
|ആഫിയത്ത്
 +
|āphiyattŭ
 +
|/äːpʰijɐt̪ːɨ̆/
 +
|Opium
 +
|افیون
 +
|afyūn
 +
|-
 +
|കത്ത്
 +
|kattŭ
 +
|/kät̪:ɨ̆/
 +
|letter
 +
|خط
 +
|khaṭ
 +
|-
 +
|കാലി
 +
|kāli
 +
|/kä:li/
 +
|empty
 +
|خالی
 +
|khali
 +
|-
 +
|കബര്‍
 +
|kabar
 +
|/käbɐr/
 +
|grave
 +
|قبر
 +
|qabr
 +
|-
 +
|കബൂല്‍
 +
|kabūl
 +
|/käbu:l/
 +
|accept, clarify
 +
|قبول
 +
|qabūl
 +
|-
 +
|കരാര്‍
 +
|karār
 +
|/kɐɾä:r/
 +
|agreement, contract
 +
|قرار
 +
|qarār
 +
|-
 +
|കലാശം
 +
|kalāśaṁ
 +
|/kɐlä:ʃɐm/
 +
|conclusion
 +
|خلاص
 +
|khalāṣ
 +
|-
 +
|കശാപ്പ്
 +
|kaśāppŭ
 +
|/käʃäːpːɨ̆/
 +
|butchery
 +
|قصاب
 +
|qaṣāb
 +
|-
 +
|കായിതം
 +
|kāyitaṁ
 +
|/käːjid̪ɐm/
 +
|note
 +
|قاعدة
 +
|qāʿeda(t)
 +
|-
 +
|കവാത്ത്
 +
|kavātt
 +
|/käʋäːt̪ːɨ̆/
 +
|drill
 +
|قَادَ
 +
|qāda
 +
|-
 +
|കിസ്മത്ത്
 +
|kismattŭ
 +
|/kismät̪ːɨ̆/
 +
|fate, luck, share
 +
|قسمة
 +
|qisma(t)
 +
|-
 +
|കീമാ
 +
|kīmā
 +
|/kiːmäː/
 +
|chemistry, chemical
 +
|كيمياء
 +
|kīmyāʾ
 +
|-
 +
|കീശ
 +
|kīśa
 +
|/kiːʃä/
 +
|pocket
 +
|كيس
 +
|kīs
 +
|-
 +
|കൈപ്പീത്ത്
 +
|kaippīttŭ
 +
|/käipːiːt̪ːɨ̆/
 +
|chronicle
 +
|كيفية
 +
|kyfia(t)
 +
|-
 +
|ഖജനാവ്
 +
|khajanāvŭ
 +
|/kʰäd͡ʒɐnäːʋɨ̆/
 +
|treasury
 +
|خزينة
 +
|khazīna(t)
 +
|-
 +
|ഖൽബ്
 +
|khalbŭ
 +
|/kʰälbɨ̆/
 +
|heart
 +
|قلب
 +
|qalb
 +
|-
 +
|കിതാബ്
 +
|kitābŭ
 +
|/kid̪äːbɨ̆/
 +
|book
 +
|كِتَاب‎
 +
|kitāb
 +
|-
 +
|കുബൂസ്
 +
|kubūsŭ
 +
|/kubu:sɨ̆/
 +
|Flat Bread
 +
|خُبْز
 +
|ḵubz
 +
|-
 +
|ചെകുത്താൻ
 +
|cekuttān
 +
|/t͡ʃekut̪ːäːn/
 +
|devil
 +
|الشيطان
 +
|Al shythan
 +
|-
 +
|ചേക്ക്
 +
|cēkkŭ
 +
|/t͡ʃeːkːɨ̆/
 +
|gambling
 +
|قِمَار
 +
|qimār
 +
|-
 +
|ജപ്തി
 +
|japti
 +
|/d͡ʒɐpt̪i/
 +
|foreclosure
 +
|ضبطي
 +
|ḍabt̪i
 +
|-
 +
|ജാമ്യം
 +
|jāmyaṃ
 +
|/d͡ʒäːmjɐm/
 +
|bail
 +
|الكفالة
 +
|ḍāmyäm
 +
|-
 +
|ജില്ല
 +
|jilla
 +
|/d͡ʒil:ä/
 +
|district
 +
|ضلع
 +
|ḍilʿa
 +
|-
 +
|തകരാര്‍
 +
|takarār
 +
|/t̪ägɐɾä:r/
 +
|repeat
 +
|تكرار
 +
|takrār
 +
|-
 +
|താക്കീത്
 +
|tākītŭ
 +
|/t̪äːkːiːd̪ɨ̆/
 +
|warning
 +
|تاقيد
 +
|tāqīd
 +
|-
 +
|തർജ്ജമ
 +
|tarjjama
 +
|/t̪ärd͡ʒːɐmä/
 +
|translation
 +
|ترجمة
 +
|tarjama(t)
 +
|-
 +
|തലാക്ക്
 +
|talākkŭ
 +
|/t̪ɐläːkːɨ̆/
 +
|divorce
 +
|طلاق
 +
|ṭalāq
 +
|-
 +
|തവണ
 +
|tavaṇa
 +
|/t̪äʋɐɳä/
 +
|times, turns, installment
 +
|دفعة
 +
|dafʿa(t)
 +
|-
 +
|താലൂക്ക്
 +
|tālukkŭ
 +
|/t̪äːluːkːɨ̆/
 +
|Tehsil (administrative division)
 +
|تعلق
 +
|tʿālq
 +
|-
 +
|ദല്ലാള്‍
 +
|dallāḷ
 +
|/d̪ɐlːäɭ/
 +
|mediator, broker
 +
|دلال
 +
|dalāl
 +
|-
 +
|ദുനിയാവ്
 +
|duniyāvŭ
 +
|/d̪unijäːʋɨ̆/
 +
|world
 +
|دنيا
 +
|duniā
 +
|-
 +
|നക്കല്‍
 +
|nakkal
 +
|/n̪äkːɐl/
 +
|copy
 +
|نقل
 +
|naql
 +
|-
 +
|നിക്കാഹ്
 +
|nikkāhŭ
 +
|/nikːäːhɨ̆/
 +
|wedding (Muslim)
 +
|نكاح
 +
|nikāḥ
 +
|-
 +
|ഫക്കീര്‍
 +
|fakkīr
 +
|/fäkːiːr/
 +
|fakir
 +
|فقير
 +
|faqīr
 +
|-
 +
|പത്തിരി
 +
|pattiri
 +
|/pät̪ːiɾi/
 +
|Pathiri
 +
|فطيرة
 +
|faṭīra(t)
 +
|-
 +
|ഫർക്കം
 +
|farkkam
 +
|/fäɾkːɐm/
 +
|a part of a district
 +
|فرقة
 +
|farqa(t)
 +
|-
 +
|ബദല്‍
 +
|badal
 +
|/bäd̪ɐl/
 +
|substitute
 +
|بدل
 +
|badl
 +
|-
 +
|ബാക്കി
 +
|bākki
 +
|/bäːkːi/
 +
|left, remaining
 +
|باقی
 +
|bāqi
 +
|-
 +
|ബിലാത്തി
 +
|bilātti
 +
|/biläːt̪ːi/
 +
|England
 +
|ولايتى
 +
|wilāyti
 +
|-
 +
|ഗരീബ്
 +
|garībŭ
 +
|/ɡäɾiːbɨ̆/
 +
|strange person
 +
|غريب
 +
|ḡarīb
 +
|-
 +
|മഹസ്സര്‍
 +
|mahassar
 +
|/mähɐsːɐr/
 +
|report, inquest
 +
|محضر
 +
|muḥḍar
 +
|-
 +
|മയ്യത്ത്
 +
|mayyattŭ
 +
|/mäjːet̪ːɨ̆/
 +
|death
 +
|ميت
 +
|maytūna
 +
|-
 +
|മാപ്പ്
 +
|māppŭ
 +
|/mäːpːɨ̆/
 +
|sorry, apology
 +
|معاف
 +
|mʿāf
 +
|-
 +
|മാലൂമി
 +
|mālūmi
 +
|/mäːluːmi/
 +
|teacher, leader
 +
|معلم
 +
|muʿalam
 +
|-
 +
|മീറ
 +
|mīṟa
 +
|/miːrä/
 +
|myrrh
 +
|مر
 +
|mir
 +
|-
 +
|മുക്തിയാര്‍
 +
|muktiyār
 +
|/mukt̪ijäːr/
 +
|attorney, authorized representative
 +
|مختار
 +
|mukhtār
 +
|-
 +
|മുൻഷി
 +
|muṉṣi
 +
|/munʂi/
 +
|writer, interpreter
 +
|منشی
 +
|munshi
 +
|-
 +
|മുൻസിഫ്
 +
|muṉsifŭ
 +
|/munsifɨ̆/
 +
|advocate
 +
|منصف
 +
|munaṣif
 +
|-
 +
|മുസാവരി
 +
|musāvari
 +
|/musäʋɐɾi/
 +
|rest house, inn
 +
|مسافر
 +
|musāfir
 +
|-
 +
|മുസീവത്ത്
 +
|musīvattŭ
 +
|/musiːʋɐt̪ːɨ̆/
 +
|trouble, problem
 +
|مصيبة
 +
|muṣība(t)
 +
|-
 +
|മുഹബ്ബത്ത്
 +
|muhabbattŭ
 +
|/muhäbːɐt̪ːɨ̆/
 +
|love
 +
|محبة
 +
|muhaba(t)
 +
|-
 +
|മൈതാനം
 +
|maitānaṃ
 +
|/mäjd̪äːnɐm/
 +
|ground, arena
 +
|ميدان
 +
|mīdān
 +
|-
 +
|രൊക്കം
 +
|rokkaṃ
 +
|/ɾokːɐm/
 +
|ready cash
 +
|رقم
 +
|raqm
 +
|-
 +
|റദ്ദ്
 +
|ṟaddŭ
 +
|/räd̪ːɨ̆/
 +
|cancel, deactivate
 +
|رد
 +
|rad
 +
|-
 +
|റഹ്മാൻ
 +
|ṟahmāṉ
 +
|/rähmäːn/
 +
|compassion
 +
|رحمة
 +
|raḥma
 +
|-
 +
|വക്കാലത്ത്
 +
|vakkālattŭ
 +
|/ʋäkːäːlɐt̪ːɨ̆/
 +
|power of attorney
 +
|وكالة
 +
|wkāla(t)
 +
|-
 +
|വക്കീല്‍
 +
|vakkīl
 +
|/ʋäkːiːl/
 +
|advocate
 +
|وکیل
 +
|wakīl
 +
|-
 +
|വത്തയ്ക്ക
 +
|vattaykka
 +
|/ʋät̪ːɐjkːä/
 +
|Citrullus lanatus fruit
 +
|بطيخ
 +
|baṭīkh
 +
|-
 +
|വർക്കത്ത്
 +
|varkkattŭ
 +
|/ʋärkːɐt̪ɨ̆/
 +
|prosperity, fortune
 +
|بركة
 +
|barka(t)
 +
|-
 +
|വാപ്പ
 +
|vāppa
 +
|/ʋäːpːä/
 +
|father
 +
|بابا
 +
|bābā
 +
|-
 +
|വയ്യ
 +
|vayya
 +
|/ʋäjːä/
 +
|weary
 +
|إعياء
 +
|āyyāvu
 +
|-
 +
|ഷമാം
 +
|ṣamāṁ
 +
|/ʂɐmäːm/
 +
|Cucumis melo
 +
|شمام
 +
|shamām
 +
|-
 +
|സന്നത്
 +
|sannatŭ
 +
|/sänːɐd̪ɨ̆/
 +
|licence
 +
|سند
 +
|sand
 +
|-
 +
|സർബത്ത്
 +
|sarbattŭ
 +
|/särbɐt̪ɨ̆/
 +
|sherbet
 +
|شربات
 +
|sharabāt
 +
|-
 +
|സുറിയാനി
 +
|suṟiyāni
 +
|/surijäːni/
 +
|Syrian
 +
|سورياني
 +
|sūryāni
 +
|-
 +
|സുൽത്താൻ
 +
|sulttāṉ
 +
|/sult̪ːäːn/
 +
|Ruler
 +
|سلطان
 +
|sultan
 +
|-
 +
|ഹക്കിം
 +
|hakkiṃ
 +
|/häkːim/
 +
|physician
 +
|حكيم
 +
|ḥakīm
 +
|-
 +
|ഹജൂര്‍
 +
|hajūr
 +
|/häd͡ʒuːr/
 +
|presence
 +
|حضور
 +
|ḥuḍūr
 +
|-
 +
|ഹർജി
 +
|haṟji
 +
|/härd͡ʒi/
 +
|petition
 +
|عريضة
 +
|ʿarīḍa(t)
 +
|-
 +
|അങ്ങ്
 +
|aṅṅŭ
 +
|/äŋːɨ̆/
 +
|You (formal)
 +
|أنت
 +
|ant(t)
 +
|-
 +
|അലുവ
 +
|aluva
 +
|/äluʋä/
 +
|sweet
 +
|حلوى
 +
|halwā
 +
|-
 +
|ജസരി
 +
|jasari
 +
|/d͡ʒɐsɐɾi/
 +
|islander
 +
|جزري
 +
|jazur
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
=== Hebrew[edit] ===
 +
The Hebrew language contributes a large number of words into a dialect form of Judeo-Malayalam that is spoken by the Cochin Jewish community of Kerala.
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
!Malayalam Transliteration
 +
!Meaning
 +
!Original Form
 +
!Pronunciation
 +
|-
 +
|അളം
 +
|world
 +
|עולם‎
 +
|oˈlam
 +
|-
 +
|അലിയ
 +
|ascension
 +
|עלייה‎
 +
|aliyá
 +
|-
 +
|അലുവ/ഹലുവ
 +
|sweet
 +
|חלבה‎
 +
|halvah
 +
|-
 +
|ബാ
 +
|come
 +
|בא‎
 +
|ba
 +
|-
 +
|ബേത് ക്‌നേസേത്
 +
|synagogue
 +
|בית כנסת‎
 +
|beit-k'néset
 +
|-
 +
|ഇവിരീത്
 +
|Hebrew language
 +
|עברית‎
 +
|ivrít
 +
|-
 +
|കബറ്
 +
|grave, tomb
 +
|קבר‎
 +
|kéver
 +
|-
 +
|മിശ്രേം, മിശ്രീം
 +
|Egypt, Egyptian
 +
|מצרים‎, מצרי‎
 +
|mitsráyim, mitsrí
 +
|-
 +
|മെത്ത
 +
|bed
 +
|מיטה‎
 +
|metah
 +
|-
 +
|നവി
 +
|prophet
 +
|נביא‎
 +
|naví
 +
|-
 +
|റബ്ബാൻ, രമ്പാൻ
 +
|rabbi, teacher, monk
 +
|רבי‎
 +
|rabbi
 +
|-
 +
|സായിത്ത്
 +
|olive
 +
|זית‎
 +
|záyit
 +
|-
 +
|സഫറാദ്, സഫറാദി
 +
|Spain, Spaniard
 +
|ספרד‎, ספרדי‎
 +
|sfarad, sfaradi
 +
|-
 +
|ശാലോം
 +
|hello, peace
 +
|שלום‎
 +
|shalóm
 +
|-
 +
|ശാലോം ആയി
 +
|death
 +
|שלום עליי‎
 +
|shalóm ali
 +
|-
 +
|ശീർ
 +
|song, music
 +
|שיר‎
 +
|shir
 +
|-
 +
|ശോഷന്നാ
 +
|lily
 +
|שושן‎
 +
|shoshán
 +
|-
 +
|തപ്പുവാഖ്
 +
|apple
 +
|תפוח‎
 +
|tapúakh
 +
|-
 +
|തോറ
 +
|Torah
 +
|תורה‎
 +
|torá
 +
|-
 +
|യവൻ, യാവന
 +
|Greece, Greek (Likely to be derived from "Ionian", the Greeks who lived in Asia Minor)
 +
|יוון‎, יווני‎
 +
|yaván, yevani
 +
|-
 +
|യഹോവ
 +
|Lord
 +
|יהוה‎
 +
|YHVH
 +
|-
 +
|യിസ്രായേൽ, യിസ്രായേലി
 +
|Israel, Israeli
 +
|ישראל‎, הישראלי‎
 +
|yisra'él, yisra'éli
 +
|-
 +
|യൂദാ, യെഹൂദൻ
 +
|Jew, Jewish
 +
|יהודי‎
 +
|y'hudi
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
=== Persian[edit] ===
 +
There are a few words of Persian origin in Malayalam, though it is possible many of them could have been indirectly loaned from Urdu.
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
!Malayalam
 +
!Malayalam Romanization
 +
!IPA Pronunciation
 +
!Meaning
 +
!Persian word
 +
!Transliteration
 +
|-
 +
|അബ്കാരി
 +
|abkāri
 +
|/äbkäːɾi/
 +
|dealing of alcohol
 +
|آبکاری
 +
|âbkârī
 +
|-
 +
|ചൊറുക്ക
 +
|coṟukka
 +
|/t͡ʃorukːä/
 +
|pickle
 +
|سرکه
 +
|serkâ
 +
|-
 +
|ബദാം
 +
|badāṃ
 +
|/bɐd̪äːm/
 +
|Almond
 +
|بادام
 +
|bâdâm
 +
|-
 +
|ഹവിൽദാർ
 +
|havildār
 +
|/häʋild̪äːr/
 +
|Havildar
 +
|حولدار
 +
|ḥavildâr
 +
|-
 +
|ഉഷാര്‍
 +
|uṣār
 +
|/uʂäːr/
 +
|alert, enthusiasm
 +
|هوشیار
 +
|hūšyâr
 +
|-
 +
|ഉറുമാല്‍
 +
|uṟumāl
 +
|/urumäːl/
 +
|handkerchief
 +
|رومال
 +
|rūmâl
 +
|-
 +
|കമാനം
 +
|kamānaṁ
 +
|/kämäːnɐm/
 +
|arc
 +
|کمان
 +
|kamân
 +
|-
 +
|കശകശ
 +
|kaśakaśa
 +
|/käʃägɐʃä/
 +
|poppy seed
 +
|خشخاش
 +
|xašxâš
 +
|-
 +
|കാക്കി
 +
|kākki
 +
|/käːkːi/
 +
|Khaki
 +
|خاکی
 +
|xâkī
 +
|-
 +
|കാനേഷുമാരി
 +
|kānēṣumāri
 +
|/käːneːʂumäːɾi/
 +
|census
 +
|خانه شماری
 +
|xânah šumârī
 +
|-
 +
|കിലേദാര്‍
 +
|kilēdār
 +
|/kileːd̪äːr/
 +
|fort keeper
 +
|قلعه دار
 +
|q̈ilʿah dâr
 +
|-
 +
|കുശാല്‍
 +
|kuśāl
 +
|/kuʃä:l/
 +
|happy
 +
|خوشحال
 +
|xūšḥâl
 +
|-
 +
|ഗുസ്തി
 +
|gusti
 +
|/gust̪i/
 +
|wrestling
 +
|کشتی
 +
|kuštī
 +
|-
 +
|ഗോതമ്പ്
 +
|gōtampŭ
 +
|/ɡoːd̪ɐmpɨ̆/
 +
|wheat
 +
|گندم
 +
|gandom
 +
|-
 +
|ഇനാം
 +
|ināṃ
 +
|/inäːm/
 +
|Reward
 +
|انعام
 +
|inʿām
 +
|-
 +
|ചപ്രാസി
 +
|caprāsi
 +
|/t͡ʃäpɾäːsi/
 +
|peon
 +
|چپراسی
 +
|čaprâsī
 +
|-
 +
|ചാക്കിരി
 +
|cākkiri
 +
|/t͡ʃäːkːiɾi/
 +
|servant
 +
|چاکری
 +
|čâkrī
 +
|-
 +
|തയ്യാർ
 +
|tayyār
 +
|/t̪äjːäːr/
 +
|ready
 +
|تیار
 +
|tayyar
 +
|-
 +
|ജമാവന്തി
 +
|jamāvanti
 +
|/d͡ʒɐmäːʋɐnt̪i/
 +
|land record
 +
|جمع بندی
 +
|jamaʿ bandī
 +
|-
 +
|ജമീന്ദാര്‍
 +
|jamīndār
 +
|/d͡ʒɐmiːn̪d̪äːr/
 +
|landlord
 +
|زمین دار
 +
|zamīndâr
 +
|-
 +
|ജവാന
 +
|javāna
 +
|/d͡ʒɐʋäːnɐ/
 +
|youth
 +
|جوان
 +
|javân
 +
|-
 +
|ജീനി
 +
|jīni
 +
|/d͡ʒi:ni/
 +
|saddle
 +
|زین
 +
|zīn
 +
|-
 +
|ജോര്‍
 +
|jōr
 +
|/d͡ʒo:r/
 +
|magnificent, powerful
 +
|زور
 +
|zūr
 +
|-
 +
|തമാശ
 +
|tamāśa
 +
|/t̪ämäːʃɐ/
 +
|joke
 +
|تماشا
 +
|tamâšâ
 +
|-
 +
|തമ്പാക്ക്
 +
|tampākkŭ
 +
|/t̪ämpäːkːɨ̆/
 +
|tobacco
 +
|تنباکو
 +
|tanbâkū
 +
|-
 +
|ദർബാര്‍
 +
|daṟbār
 +
|/d̪ärbäːr/
 +
|king’s court
 +
|دربار
 +
|darbâr
 +
|-
 +
|ദസ്താവേജ്
 +
|dastāvējŭ
 +
|/d̪äst̪äʋeːd͡ʒɨ̆/
 +
|documentation
 +
|دستاویز
 +
|dastâviz
 +
|-
 +
|പയല്വാൻ
 +
|payalvāṉ
 +
|/päjelʋäːn/
 +
|wrestler
 +
|پهلوان
 +
|pahlvân
 +
|-
 +
|പർദ്ദ
 +
|paṟdda
 +
|/pärd̪ːä/
 +
|burka
 +
|پرده
 +
|pardah
 +
|-
 +
|പറങ്കി
 +
|paṟaṅki
 +
|/pärɐŋki/
 +
|Portuguese
 +
|فرنگی
 +
|firangī
 +
|-
 +
|പാപ്പാസ്
 +
|pāppāsŭ
 +
|/pä:p:ä:sɨ̆/
 +
|slipper
 +
|پاپوش
 +
|pâpūš
 +
|-
 +
|ബസാര്‍
 +
|basār
 +
|/bɐsäːr/
 +
|market
 +
|بازار
 +
|bazaar
 +
|-
 +
|ബന്തവസ്
 +
|bantavasŭ
 +
|/bän̪t̪ɐʋäsɨ̆/
 +
|custody
 +
|بند و بست
 +
|band ū bast
 +
|-
 +
|ബന്ദി
 +
|bandi
 +
|/bän̪d̪i/
 +
|slave, prisoner
 +
|بندی
 +
|bandī
 +
|-
 +
|ബേജാര്‍
 +
|bējār
 +
|/be:d͡ʒä:r/
 +
|sad, worried
 +
|بیزار
 +
|bīzâr
 +
|-
 +
|മാപ്പ്
 +
|māppŭ
 +
|/mäːpːɨ̆/
 +
|apology
 +
|ماف
 +
|māffu
 +
|-
 +
|നിരക്ക്
 +
|nirakkŭ
 +
|/n̪iɾɐkːɨ̆/
 +
|rate
 +
|نرخ
 +
|nerx
 +
|-
 +
|മേലാൽ
 +
|mēlāl
 +
|/me:lä:l/
 +
|ever
 +
|مهلعل
 +
|malāl
 +
|-
 +
|ലഗാന്‍
 +
|lagān
 +
|/lɐgä:n/
 +
|bridle, control
 +
|لگام
 +
|lagâm
 +
|-
 +
|വാങ്ക്
 +
|vāṅkŭ
 +
|/ʋä:ŋkɨ̆/
 +
|Azaan, prayer call
 +
|بانگ
 +
|bang
 +
|-
 +
|ശിപായി
 +
|śipāyi
 +
|/ʃibä:ji/
 +
|soldier
 +
|سرباز
 +
|sarbâz
 +
|-
 +
|ശരാശരി
 +
|śarāśari
 +
|/ʃɐɾäːʃɐɾi/
 +
|average
 +
|سراسری
 +
|sarâsrī
 +
|-
 +
|സാമാനം
 +
|sāmānaṁ
 +
|/säːmäːnɐm/
 +
|stuff
 +
|سامان
 +
|sâmân
 +
|-
 +
|സവാരി
 +
|savāri
 +
|/si.waːr/
 +
|ride
 +
|سوار
 +
|sovâr
 +
|-
 +
|സിന്ദാബാദ്
 +
|sindābād
 +
|/sin̪d̪aːbaːd̪/
 +
|long live
 +
|زنده باد
 +
|zende bâd
 +
|-
 +
|ശുപാർശ
 +
|śupārśa
 +
|/ʃuba:rʃa/
 +
|recommendation
 +
|سفارش
 +
|sifâr
 +
|-
 +
|സബാഷ്
 +
|sabash
 +
|/ʃɑː.bɑːʃᵊ/
 +
|well done
 +
|شاباش
 +
|šâbâš
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
=== Aramaic or East Syriac[edit] ===
 +
Suriyani Malayalam (or Karshoni), which used the East Syriac script to write Malayalam, was a popular medium of written communication among Saint Thomas Christians (Suriyani Christiani) in Kerala until the 19th century.
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
!Malayalam
 +
!Malayalam Romanization
 +
!IPA Pronunciation
 +
!Meaning
 +
!Original form
 +
!Transliteration
 +
|-
 +
|അറം
 +
|aram
 +
|/aram/
 +
|Earth
 +
|ܐܪܥܐ
 +
|ar'ā
 +
|-
 +
|കത്തനാര്‍
 +
|kattanār
 +
|/kat̪:ana:r/
 +
|Priest
 +
|ܟܗܢܐ
 +
|kahnā
 +
|-
 +
|കബ്റ
 +
|kabṟa
 +
|/kabra/
 +
|Grave
 +
|ܩܒܪܐ
 +
|qaḇrā
 +
|-
 +
|കശീശ
 +
|kaśīśa
 +
|/kaʃi:ʃa/
 +
|Syrian orthodox Priest
 +
|ܩܫܝܫܐ
 +
|qaššīšā
 +
|-
 +
|കുര്‍ബാന
 +
|kurbāna
 +
|/kurba:na/
 +
|Sacrifice (Holy Mass)
 +
|ܩܘܪܒܢܐ
 +
|qurbānā
 +
|-
 +
|കൂദാശ
 +
|kūdāśa
 +
|/ku:d̪a:ʃa/
 +
|Sacrament
 +
|ܩܘܕܫܐ
 +
|quddāšā
 +
|-
 +
|ദുക്രാന
 +
|dukṟāna
 +
|/d̪ukra:na/
 +
|Remembrance
 +
|ܕܘܟܪܢܐ
 +
|duḵrānā
 +
|-
 +
|നസ്രാണി
 +
|nasrāṇi
 +
|/nasra:ɳi/
 +
|Christians (Saint Thomas)
 +
|ܢܨܪܐܢܝ
 +
|naṣrāni
 +
|-
 +
|പരീശന്‍
 +
|parīśan
 +
|/paɾi:ʃan/
 +
|Pharisee
 +
|ܦܪܝܫܐ
 +
|prīšā
 +
|-
 +
|പറുദീസ
 +
|paṟudīsa
 +
|/parud̪i:sa/
 +
|paradise
 +
|ܦܪܕܝܣܐ
 +
|pardaysā
 +
|-
 +
|പിഞ്ഞാണം
 +
|piññāṇaṁ
 +
|/piɲːäːɳɐm/
 +
|plate
 +
|ܦܝܢܟܐ
 +
|pinkā
 +
|-
 +
|പെസഹ
 +
|pesaha
 +
|/pesaha/
 +
|Passover
 +
|ܦܣܚܐ
 +
|pesḥā
 +
|-
 +
|ബാവ
 +
|bāva
 +
|/ba:ʋa/
 +
|father
 +
|ܒܒܐ
 +
|bābā
 +
|-
 +
|മദ്ബഹ
 +
|madbaha
 +
|/mad̪baha/
 +
|Syrian altar
 +
|ܡܕܒܚܐ
 +
|maḏbḥā
 +
|-
 +
|മഹറോന്‍
 +
|mahaṟōn
 +
|/maharo:n/
 +
|interdiction
 +
|ܐܚܪܡ
 +
|aḥram
 +
|-
 +
|മാമോദീസ
 +
|māmōdīsa
 +
|/ma:mo:d̪i:sa/
 +
|baptism
 +
|ܡܥܡܘܕܝܬܐ
 +
|ma’mōḏīṯā
 +
|-
 +
|മാര്‍
 +
|mār
 +
|/ma:r/
 +
|Saint, Holy
 +
|ܡܪܝ
 +
|mār(i)
 +
|-
 +
|മാലാഖ
 +
|mālākha
 +
|/ma:la:kʰa/
 +
|angel
 +
|ܡܠܐܟܐ
 +
|malāḵā
 +
|-
 +
|മിശിഹ
 +
|miśiha
 +
|/miʃiha/
 +
|Messiah
 +
|ܡܫܝܚܐ
 +
|mšīḥā
 +
|-
 +
|ഈശോ
 +
|īśō
 +
|/i:ʃo:/
 +
|Jesus
 +
|ܝܫܘܥ
 +
|yšō’
 +
|-
 +
|റമ്പാന്‍
 +
|ṟampān
 +
|/ramba:n/
 +
|archdeacon
 +
|ܪܡܒܐܢ
 +
|rambān
 +
|-
 +
|റാസ
 +
|ṟāsa
 +
|/ra:sa/
 +
|A sacrament
 +
|ܪܐܙܐ
 +
|rāzā
 +
|-
 +
|റൂഹ
 +
|ṟūha
 +
|/ru:ha/
 +
|Holy Spirit
 +
|ܪܘܚܐ
 +
|rūḥā
 +
|-
 +
|ശ്ലീഹ
 +
|ślīha
 +
|/ʃli:ha/
 +
|Apostle
 +
|ܫܠܝܚܐ
 +
|šlīḥā
 +
|-
 +
|ശെമ്മാശന്‍
 +
|śemmāśan
 +
|/ʃem:a:ʃan/
 +
|Syrian orthodox Deacon
 +
|ܡܫܡܫܢܐ
 +
|mšammšānā
 +
|-
 +
|സാവപ്
 +
|sāvap
 +
|/ʃa:v:ap/
 +
|soap
 +
|ܨܦܘܢܐ
 +
|ṣappōnā
 +
|-
 +
|സ്ലീവ, സിലുവ
 +
|slīva
 +
|/sli:ʋa/
 +
|Cross
 +
|ܨܠܝܒܐ
 +
|ṣlīḇā
 +
|}
Raveendran K V
RIESI
37

edits

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