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Some of the key ideas we will cover in this section are:
Some of the key ideas we will cover in this section are:
Mass has two aspects – inertial and gravitational.
* Mass has two aspects – inertial and gravitational.
Idea of a force field and that forces can act at a distance. The distance over which the effect of a force can be felt is called its field.
* Idea of a force field and that forces can act at a distance. The distance over which the effect of a force can be felt is called its field.
Gravitational force acts over a distance through a field and is one of the four fundamental forces
* Gravitational force acts over a distance through a field and is one of the four fundamental forces
Gravitational force is a very small force
* Gravitational force is a very small force
Inertial and gravitational property of mass
=== Inertial and gravitational property of mass ===
We are familiar with mass; it is an intrinsic property of matter. An intrinsic property is something that cannot be separated from the object. The mass of an object can be understood in terms of its gravitational aspect and inertial aspect. The intrinsic property of matter which makes it resist change is what we have called as mass.
We are familiar with mass; it is an intrinsic property of matter. An intrinsic property is something that cannot be separated from the object. The mass of an object can be understood in terms of its gravitational aspect and inertial aspect. The intrinsic property of matter which makes it resist change is what we have called as mass.
Above the atomic level, gravitational and electromagnetic forces can satisfactorily explain all events.
Above the atomic level, gravitational and electromagnetic forces can satisfactorily explain all events.
Newton's law of universal gravitation
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'''Newton's law of universal gravitation'''
Newton's law of universal gravitation states that every particle in the universe attracts every other particle with a force that is proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. This force acts along the line joining the two particles.
Newton's law of universal gravitation states that every particle in the universe attracts every other particle with a force that is proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. This force acts along the line joining the two particles.
F = G m_1m_2 / r^2
F = G m1m2
* F is the force between the masses,
* m1 is the first mass,
F is the force between the masses,
* m2 is the second mass,
m1 is the first mass,
* G is the gravitational constant
m2 is the second mass,
* r is the distance between the masses
G is the gravitational constant
r is the distance between the masses
In SI units, Force, F is measured in newtons (N), masses m1 and m2 are measured in kilograms (kg), and the distance between the masses is measured in metres.
In SI units, Force, F is measured in newtons (N), masses m1 and m2 are measured in kilograms (kg), and the distance between the masses is measured in metres.