Difference between revisions of "Circles Tangents Problems"
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Revision as of 22:07, 15 February 2015
Problem 1
Tangents AP and AQ are drawn to circle with centre O, from an external point A. Prove that ∠PAQ=2.∠ OPQ
Interpretation of the problem
- O is the centre of the circle and tangents AP and AQ are drawn from an external point A.
- OP and OQ are the radii.
- The students have to prove thne angle PAQ=twise the angle OPQ.
Geogebra file
Concepts used
- The radii of a circle are equal.
- In any circle the radius drawn at the point of contact is perpendicular to the tangent.
- The tangent drawn from an external point to a circle a] are equal b] subtend equal angle at the centre c] are equally inclined to the line joining the centre and extrnal point.
- Properties of isoscles triangle.
- Properties of quadrillateral ( sum of all angles) is 360 degrees
- Sum of three angles of triangle is 180 degrees.
Algorithm
OP=OQ ---- radii of the same circle
OA is joined.
In quadrillateral APOQ ,
∠APO=∠AQO= [radius drawn at the point of contact is perpendicular to the tangent]
∠PAQ+∠POQ=
Or, ∠PAQ+∠POQ=
∠PAQ = -∠POQ ----------1
Triangle POQ is isoscles. Therefore ∠OPQ=∠OQP
∠POQ+∠OPQ+∠OQP=
Or ∠POQ+2∠OPQ=
2∠OPQ=- ∠POQ ------2
From 1 and 2
∠PAQ=2∠OPQ
Problem-2
In the figure two circles touch each other externally at P. AB is a direct common tangent to these circles. Prove that
a). Tangent at P bisects AB at Q
b). ∠APB=90° (Exescise-15.2, B.3)
Interpretation of the problem
- In the given figure two circles touch externally.
- AB is the direct common tangent to these circles.
- PQ is the transverse common tangent drawn to these circles at point P.
- Using the tangent properties students have to show AQ=BQ and ∠APB=90°
Concepts used
- The tangent drawn from an external point to a circle
a) are equal
b] subtend equal angle at the center
c] are equally inclined to the line joining the center and external point. - Angle subtended by equal sides are equal.
- Axiom-1:- "Things which are equal to same thing are equal"
[Click here for geogebra animation]
Algorithm
In the above figure AB is direct common tangent to two circles and PQ is the Transverse common tangent.
a)
AQ=QP and BQ=QP (Tangents drawn from external point are equal)
By axiom-1, AQ=BQ
∴tangent at P bisects AB at Q.
b)
Let ∠QBP=x˚
∴∠QPB=x˚ (∵PQ=BQ)
Now Let ∠PAQ=y˚
∠QPA=y˚ (∵ PQ=AQ)
∴In △PAB
∠PAB+∠PBA+∠APB=180˚
y˚+x˚+(x˚+y˚)=180˚
2x˚+2y˚=180˚
2(x˚+y˚)=180˚
x˚+y˚=90˚
∴ ∠APB=90˚
problem 3 [Ex-15.2 B.7]
Circles and touch internally at a point A and AB is a chord of the circle intersecting at P, Prove that AP= PB.
Concepts used
- The radii of a circle are equal
- Properties of isosceles triangle.
- SAS postulate
- Properties of congruent triangles.
Prerequisite knowledge
- The radii of a circle are equal.
- In an isosceles triangle angles opposite to equal sides are equal.
- All the elements of congruent triangles are equal.
Algoritham
In ∆AOB
AO=BO [Radii of a same circle]
∴ ∠OAB = ∠OBA --------------I [∆AOB is an isosceles ∆}
Then,
In ∆AOP and ∆BOP,
AO = BO [Radii of a same circle]
OP=OP [common side]
∠OAP = ∠OBP [ from I]
∴ ∆AOP ≅ ∆BOP [SAS postulate]
∴ AP = BP [corresponding sides of congruent triangles ]
problem-4
In the given Quadrilateral ABCD , BC=38cm , QB=27cm , DC=25cm and AD⊥DC find the radius of the circle.(Ex:15.2. A-6)
Interpretation of problem
- In the quadrilateral ABCD sides BC , DC & QB are given .
- AD⊥DC.
- Asked to find the radius OS or OP
Concepts used
- Tangents drawn from an external point to a circle are equal.
- In a quadrilateral, if all angles are equal and a pair of adjacent sides are equal then it is a square
- In a circle, the radius drawn at the point of contact is perpendicular to the tangent
Algorithm
In the fig BC=38 cm and BQ=27 cm
BQ=BR=27 cm (∵ by concept 1)
∴CR=BC-BR=38-27=11 cm
CR=SC=11 cm (∵ by concept 1)
DC=25 cm
∴ DS=DC-SC=25-11=14 cm
DS=DP=14 cm (∵ by concept 1)
Also AD⊥DC, OP ⊥ AD and OS ⊥ DC
∠D=∠S=∠P=90˚
⇒ ∠O=90˚
∴ DSOP is a Square
SO=OP=14 cm
hence Radius of given circle is 14 cm
Problem 5 [Ex-15.2-B8]
A circle is touching the side BC of △ABC at P. AB and AC when produced are touching the circle at Q and R respectively. Prove that AQ = [perimeter of △ABC].
Algorithm
In the figure AQ , AR and BC are tangents to the circle with center O.
BP=BQ and PC=CR (Tangents drawn from external point are equal) ---------- (1)
Perimeter of △ABC=AB+BC+CA
=AB+(BP+PC)+CA
=AB+BQ+CR+CA ------ (From eq-1)
=(AB+BQ)+(CR+CA)
=AQ+AR ----- (From fig)
=AQ+AQ -- --- (∵AQ=AR)
=2AQ
∴ AQ = [perimeter of △ABC]
Problem-6 [Ex-15.4-B3]
In circle with center O , diameter AB and a chord AD are drawn. Another circle drawn with OA as diameter to cut AD at C. Prove that BD=2OC.
Algorithm
In figure, AB is the diameter of circle and AO is the diameter of the circle
in △ADB and △ACO
∠ADB=90° and ∠ACO=90° [∵angles in the semi circles]
∠DAB=∠CAO [∵common angles]
∴△ADB∼△ACO [∵equiangular triangles are similar]
∴== [∵corresonding sides of a similar triangles are proportional]
But AB=2OA----1 (∵diameter is twice the radius of a cicle)
=
from (1)
=
∴BD=2OC
== Problem-7 [Ex-15.4-A3] ==
In the figure AB=10cm,AC=6cm and the radius of the smaller circle is xcm. find x.