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==NCERT Science Laboratory Manuals==
 +
===NCERT Science Class IX Laboratory Manuals===
 
{|class="wikitable"
 
{|class="wikitable"
 +
!Sl No
 +
!Topic Name
 +
!Page No
 +
!Link to the Topic
 +
|-
 +
|1
 +
|Introduction
 +
|1
 +
|rowSpan="6"|[http://www.ncert.nic.in/NCERTS/textbook/textbook.htm?ielm1=1-5 Lab Manual Part 1]
 +
|-
 +
|2
 +
|General Laboratory Facilities
 +
|3
 +
|-
 +
|3
 +
|Preparing Students for Laboratory Work
 +
|6
 +
|-
 +
|4
 +
|General Laboratory Rules
 +
|7
 +
|-
 +
|5
 +
|First Aid Treatment
 +
|9
 +
|-
 +
|6
 +
|Recording of Experiment
 +
|10
 +
|-
 +
!Sl No
 +
!UNIT I - MATERIALS
 +
!Page No
 +
!Link to the Experiments
 +
|-
 +
|1
 +
|To study the different parts of a simple (dissecting) Microscope
 +
|13
 +
|rowspan="17"|[http://www.ncert.nic.in/NCERTS/textbook/textbook.htm?ielm1=2-5 Lab Manual Part 2]
 +
|-
 +
|2
 +
|To study the different parts of a compound Microscope
 +
|16
 +
|-
 +
|3
 +
|To determine the density of a liquid (other than water) by using a spring balance and a measuring cylinder
 +
|21
 +
|-
 +
|4
 +
|To determine the density of a non-porous solid(insoluble and denser than water) by using a spring balance and a measuring cylinder
 +
|25
 +
|-
 +
|5
 +
|To show that gases are readily compressible and liquids are not
 +
|29
 +
|-
 +
|6
 +
|To study the changes in state of sublimate solids on heating
 +
|32
 +
|-
 +
|7
 +
|To study the process of evaporation
 +
|35
 +
|-
 +
|8
 +
|To determine the boiling point of water and melting point of ice
 +
|37
 +
|-
 +
|9
 +
|To prepare a saturated solution of common salt in distilled water and to determine its solubility at room temperature
 +
|41
 +
|-
 +
|10
 +
|To prepare a solution of common salt of 10% composition by mass
 +
|46
 +
|-
 +
|11
 +
|To separate the components of a mixture of sand,common salt and ammonium chloride
 +
|49
 +
|-
 +
|12
 +
|To prepare solutions of various substance and to identify them as true solutions and suspension
 +
|53
 +
|-
 +
|13
 +
|To prepare a colloidal solution of sulphur and differentiate it from a true solution or from a suspension on the basis of transparency and filtration
 +
|55
 +
|-
 +
|14
 +
|To study the process of separation of a mixture of two immiscible liquids
 +
|58
 +
|-
 +
|15
 +
|To separate a mixture of two miscible liquids by simple distillation
 +
|60
 +
|-
 +
|16
 +
|To differentiate between a mixture (containing two components) and a pure compound
 +
|63
 +
|-
 +
|17
 +
|To verify the law of conservation of mass in a chemical reaction
 +
|66
 +
|-
 +
!Sl No
 +
!UNIT II - THE WORLD OF LIVING
 +
!Page No
 +
!Link to the Experiments
 +
|-
 +
|1
 +
|To prepare a stained, temporary mount of onion peel and to study the cells
 +
|69
 +
|rowspan="14"|[http://www.ncert.nic.in/NCERTS/textbook/textbook.htm?ielm1=3-5 Lab Manual Part 3]
 +
|-
 +
|2
 +
|To prepare a temporary mount of human cheek epithelial cells, and to study its characteristics
 +
|72
 +
|-
 +
|3
 +
|To study the phenomenon of osmosis
 +
|75
 +
|-
 +
|4
 +
|To study plasmolysis in leaf epidermal peels of Rhoeo
 +
|78
 +
|-
 +
|5
 +
|To test the presence of starch in a given food or Tradescantia. sample and metanil yellow in pigeon pea
 +
|81
 +
|-
 +
|6
 +
|To study parenchyma and sclerenchyma tissues in plants by preparing temporary slides
 +
|83
 +
|-
 +
|7
 +
|To identify and study striated muscle fibre and nerve fibre in animals
 +
|88
 +
|-
 +
|8
 +
|To study the characteristics of Spirogyra, Agaricus, moss, fern, Pinus and an angiosperm plant
 +
|91
 +
|-
 +
|9
 +
|To prepare herbarium sheet of a flowering plant
 +
|96
 +
|-
 +
|10
 +
|To study the features and draw diagrams of earthworm, cockroach, bony fish and bird
 +
|100
 +
|-
 +
|11
 +
|To compare the external features of monocot and dicot Plants
 +
|104
 +
|-
 +
|12
 +
|To study the life cycle of a mosquito
 +
|108
 +
|-
 +
|13
 +
|To study the life cycle of malarial parasite
 +
|111
 +
|-
 +
|14
 +
|To collect and study symptoms of diseases in locally available crop plants
 +
|114
 +
|-
 +
!Sl No
 +
!UNIT III - MOVING THINGS, PEOPLE AND IDEAS
 +
!Page No
 +
!Link to the Experiments
 +
|-
 +
|1
 +
|To plot distance–time (s – t) and graph for an object moving with a uniform speed from a given set of s and t data and to determine the speed of the Object
 +
|117
 +
|rowspan="13"|[http://www.ncert.nic.in/NCERTS/textbook/textbook.htm?ielm1=4-5 Lab Manual Part 4]
 +
|-
 +
|2
 +
|To plot the speed–time (v – t) graph for an object moving with uniform accelerations from a given set of v – t data and to determine the acceleration of the moving object and the distance moved by the object
 +
|122
 +
|-
 +
|3
 +
|To study the third law of motion using two spring balances
 +
|128
 +
|-
 +
|4
 +
|To study the variation in limiting friction with mass and the nature of surfaces in contact
 +
|133
 +
|-
 +
|5
 +
|To verify Archimedes’ principle
 +
|139
 +
|-
 +
|6
 +
|To establish the relation between the loss in weight of a solid when fully immersed in (i) tap water;(ii)strongly salty water, with the weight of water displaced by it by taking at least two different solids
 +
|144
 +
|-
 +
|7
 +
|To plot temperature–time graph for a hot object as it Cools
 +
|149
 +
|-
 +
|8
 +
|To study the effect of amplitude on the time period of a simple pendulum
 +
|153
 +
|-
 +
|9
 +
|To study the variation in time period of a simple pendulum with its length
 +
|158
 +
|-
 +
|10
 +
|To study the effect of mass on the time period of a simple pendulum
 +
|163
 +
|-
 +
|11
 +
|To determine the speed of a transverse pulse propagated through a stretched string
 +
|168
 +
|-
 +
|12
 +
|To determine the speed of a longitudinal pulse propagated through a stretched slinky
 +
|173
 +
|-
 +
|13
 +
|To study the reflection of sound
 +
|180
 +
|}
 +
 +
===NCERT Science Class X Laboratory Manuals===
 +
{|class="wikitable"
 +
!Sl No
 +
!Topic Name
 +
!Page No
 +
!Link to the Topic
 +
|-
 +
|1
 +
|Introduction
 +
|1
 +
|rowSpan="6"|[http://www.ncert.nic.in/ncerts/textbook/textbook.htm?jelm1=1-6 Lab Manual Part 1]
 +
|-
 +
|2
 +
|General Laboratory Facilities
 +
|3
 +
|-
 +
|3
 +
|Preparing Students for Laboratory Work
 +
|7
 +
|-
 +
|4
 +
|General Laboratory Rules
 +
|7
 +
|-
 +
|5
 +
|First Aid Treatment
 +
|9
 +
|-
 +
|6
 +
|Recording of Experiment
 +
|10
 +
|-
 +
!Sl No
 +
!UNIT I - MATERIALS
 +
!Page No
 +
!Link to the Experiments
 +
|-
 +
|1
 +
|To study the chemical reaction of an iron nail with aqueous copper sulphate solution; and to study the burning of magnesium ribbon in air
 +
|13
 +
|rowspan="22"|[http://www.ncert.nic.in/ncerts/textbook/textbook.htm?jelm1=2-6 Lab Manual Part 2]
 +
|-
 +
|2
 +
|To study the following chemical reactions: (a) zinc with sulphuric acid; (b) precipitation reaction between aqueous solution of barium chloride and aqueous solution of sodium sulphate; and (c) thermal decomposition of ammonium chloride in an open container
 +
|18
 +
|-
 +
|3
 +
|To measure the change in temperature during chemical reactions and to conclude whether the
 +
reaction is exothermic or endothermic
 +
|25
 +
|-
 +
|4
 +
|To study the reactions of hydrochloric acid with zinc metal, sodium carbonate, and sodium hydroxide
 +
|28
 +
|-
 +
|5
 +
|To study the reactions of sodium hydroxide with aluminum metal and hydrochloric acid
 +
|32
 +
|-
 +
|6
 +
|To show that acids, bases, and salts are electrolytes
 +
|35
 +
|-
 +
|7
 +
|To find the pH of the given samples of solutions of solids or fruit juices using pH paper
 +
|39
 +
|-
 +
|8
 +
|To identify bleaching powder among given samples of chemicals
 +
|42
 +
|-
 +
|9
 +
|To identify washing soda or baking soda among given samples of chemicals
 +
|45
 +
|-
 +
|10
 +
|To show that crystals of copper sulphate contain water of crystallisation
 +
|49
 +
|-
 +
|11
 +
|To study the interaction of metals such as magnesium, zinc, iron, tin, lead, copper, aluminum (any four) with their salt solutions and to arrange them according to their reactivity
 +
|51
 +
|-
 +
|12
 +
|To study the reaction of metals with water under different temperature conditions
 +
|54
 +
|-
 +
|13
 +
|To study reaction of metals with dilute acids
 +
|58
 +
|-
 +
|14
 +
|To prepare sulpher dioxide gas and study its physical and chemical properties
 +
|61
 +
|-
 +
|15
 +
|To prepare carbon dioxide gas and study its physical and chemical properties
 +
|65
 +
|-
 +
|16
 +
|To study the process of electrolysis
 +
|69
 +
|-
 +
|17
 +
|To study physical and chemical properties of acetic acid (ethanoic acid)
 +
|73
 +
|-
 +
|18
 +
|To study esterification reaction between alcohol and carboxylic acid
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|76
 +
|-
 +
|19
 +
|To study some oxidation reactions of alcohol
 +
|79
 +
|-
 +
|20
 +
|To study saponification reaction for preparation of soap
 +
|82
 +
|-
 +
|21
 +
|To compare the foaming capacity of different samples of soap
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|85
 +
|-
 +
|22
 +
|To study the comparative cleansing capacity of a sample of soap in soft and hard water
 +
|89
 +
|-
 +
!Sl No
 +
!UNIT II - THE WORLD OF THE LIVING
 +
!Page No
 +
!Link to the Experiments
 +
|-
 +
|23
 +
|To prepare temporary mounts of leaf peels to observe stomata and to differentiate between dicot and monocot stomata
 +
|93
 +
|rowspan="11"|[http://www.ncert.nic.in/ncerts/textbook/textbook.htm?jelm1=3-6 Lab Manual Part 3]
 +
|-
 +
|24
 +
|To show that light is essential for photosynthesis
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|96
 +
|-
 +
|25
 +
|To show that carbon dioxide is essential for photosynthesis
 +
|99
 +
|-
 +
|26
 +
|To study the liberation of carbon dioxide gas during aerobic respiration
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|102
 +
|-
 +
|27
 +
|To study the liberation of carbon dioxide gas during fermentation
 +
|108
 +
|-
 +
|28
 +
|To study the action of salivary amylase on starch solution
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|112
 +
|-
 +
|29
 +
|To determine the mass percentage of water imbibed by raisins
 +
|115
 +
|-
 +
|30
 +
|To study the phenomenon of phototropism and geotropism in plants
 +
|118
 +
|-
 +
|31
 +
|To study binary fission in Amoeba or Paramoecium and budding in yeast or Hydra
 +
|122
 +
|-
 +
|32
 +
|To study vegetative propagation in potato, Bryophyllum, and an aquatic plants
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|125
 +
|-
 +
|33
 +
|To study the parts of a flower and their role in sexual reproduction
 +
|128
 +
|-
 +
!Sl No
 +
!UNIT III - THE NATURAL PHENOMENON
 +
!Page No
 +
!Link to the Experiments
 +
|-
 +
|34
 +
|To verify the laws of reflection of light using a plane mirror
 +
|132
 +
|rowspan="14"|[http://www.ncert.nic.in/ncerts/textbook/textbook.htm?jelm1=4-6 Lab Manual Part 4]
 +
|-
 +
|35
 +
|To draw the images of an object formed by a concave mirror when the object is placed at various positions
 +
|136
 +
|-
 +
|36
 +
|To determine the focal length of a concave mirror by obtaining image of a distant object
 +
|142
 +
|-
 +
|37
 +
|To study the formation of an image of a lighted candle by a concave mirror, when placed slightly beyond the centre of curvature
 +
|146
 +
|-
 +
|38
 +
|To study the formation of an image of a lighted candle by a concave mirror, when placed between the centre of curvature and the principal focus
 +
|151
 +
|-
 +
|39
 +
|To study the formation of an image of a lighted candle by a concave mirror, when placed at the centre of curvature
 +
|156
 +
|-
 +
|40
 +
|To trace the path of a ray of light passing obliquely through a rectangular glass slab for different angles of incidence and to measure the angle of incidence,angle of refraction, the angle of emergence, and
 +
interpret the results
 +
|161
 +
|-
 +
|41
 +
|To trace the path of a ray of light passing obluiquely through a rectangular glass slab and to determine the refreactive index of the glass
 +
|165
 +
|-
 +
|42
 +
|To trace the path of a ray of light through a glass prism and to measure the angle of deviation
 +
|170
 +
|-
 +
|43
 +
|To draw the images of an object formed by a convex lens when placed at various positions
 +
|174
 +
|-
 +
|44
 +
|To determine the focal length of a thin convex lens by obtaining image of a distant object
 +
|180
 +
|-
 +
|45
 +
|To study the formation of an image of a lighted candle by a convex lens when placed at a distance slightly more than the twice of the focal length (f) from the optical centre of the lens
 +
|184
 +
|-
 +
|46
 +
|To study the formation of an image of a lighted candle by a convex lens when placed at a distance of 2f convex from the optical centre of the convex lens
 +
|189
 +
|-
 +
|47
 +
|To study the formation of an image of a lighted candle by a convex lens when placed at a distance less than 2f but more than f from the optical centre of the convex lens
 +
|194
 +
|-
 +
!Sl No
 +
!UNIT IV - HOW THINGS WORK
 +
!Page No
 +
!Link to the Experiments
 +
|-
 +
|48
 +
|To study the dependence of the potential difference across a resistor on the current through it and to determine its resistance and to verify the Ohm’s law
 +
|199
 +
|rowspan="9"|[http://www.ncert.nic.in/ncerts/textbook/textbook.htm?jelm1=5-6 Lab Manual Part 5]
 +
|-
 +
|49
 +
|To study the factors that affects the resistance of a resistor
 +
|204
 +
|-
 +
|50
 +
|To determine the equivalent resistance of two resistors connected in series combination
 +
|209
 +
|-
 +
|51
 +
|To determine the equivalent resistance of two resistors connected in parallel combination
 +
|213
 +
|-
 +
|52
 +
|To draw the magnetic field lines of a bar magnet
 +
|217
 +
|-
 +
|53
 +
|To draw the magnetic field lines of a current-carrying straight wire
 +
|221
 +
|-
 +
|54
 +
|To study the magnetic field of an electromagnet
 +
|226
 +
|-
 +
|55
 +
|To study the force on a current-carrying straight conductor in a magnetic field and to verify that the motion of conductor is according to Fleming's Left Hand Rule
 +
|231
 +
|-
 +
|56
 +
|To study the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction
 +
|236
 +
|-
 +
!Sl No
 +
!UNIT V - PROJECT WORK
 +
!Page No
 +
!Link to the Experiments
 +
|-
 +
|1
 +
|Types of Project,Some Suggestivve Projects and Exemplar Project Write-Ups
 +
|242
 +
|rowspan="4"|[http://www.ncert.nic.in/ncerts/textbook/textbook.htm?jelm1=6-6 Lab Manual Part 6]
 +
|-
 +
|2
 +
|Bio-degradable and non-bio-degradable Wastes
 +
|247
 +
|-
 +
|3
 +
|Land Area and Leaf Area of a Plant
 +
|250
 +
|-
 +
|4
 +
|Rusting of Iron
 +
|253
 +
|}
Narasimha
370

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