ವೈಯುಕ್ತಿಕ ವಿದ್ಯುನ್ಮಾನ ಸಂಗ್ರಹಾಲಯ ರಚನೆ
OER (Open Educational Resources)
For making teaching more effective, a resource rich learning environment is necessary. However, in many cases, teachers only have the text book for their subject. The text book is intended primarily for the student and the teacher needs to access resources that are a super set of the topic as dealt in the text book, so that the teacher is well placed to teach the topic in a variety of ways, based on the learning contexts and needs of the students. Teachers must also be resourceful to address any doubts or questions that may arise in class or elsewhere on the topic.
However, learning resources other than text books are not easily available to teachers. Also significant part of materials available is copyrighted, meaning teachers cannot make copies of the same for their use and it may be expensive to purchase all the required resource materials. 'Copyright' refers to the legal framework under which the author is making available her work to the public. The default copyright in India and rest of the world is that, if the author does not specify the copyright clause, it means that all rights are reserved by the author. This means that most of the published materials available are copyright as 'all rights reserved' and cannot be freely used, shared or modified.
Teachers also will need to contextualise materials (make changes as per their own needs), which copyrighted materials would not allow. Hence there is a movement to produce learning resources and make available with less copyright restrictions. The 'Open Educational Resources' movement aims to release materials with minimal restrictions, which will allow teachers to freely 're-use', 're-vise', 're-mix' and 're-distribute' materials (these are called the 4 Rs, the fifth R can be 're-tain').
Global digital library to personal digital library
This chapter discusses how teachers can access available OER from the internet and create their own digital libraries on their computers for different topics of their interest. As a 'global digital library, the internet has information on almost every topic. This changes the way we can think of learning and the skills of learning. Skills of accessing information, organizing, evaluating information are very important. While the Internet is a continuous learning resource and there is a lot of content you can access, to make the resources useful, you need to organize it well, and have a clear unit plan on how to integrate multiple resources for teaching. While there are many tools for teaching learning, no single tool will be fully adequate for learning; we have to use a library of tools and materials.
Information can be accessed in multiple ways from the Internet and we need to know how to search for information on the Internet. Sources of information, even if freely available on the Internet, needs to be acknowledged. Resources are available in different formats on the Internet- images, videos, audio files etc. We must be aware of Internet safety while accessing images, videos and other information on the Internet. We already saw that each website is a page on the Internet and has an address. We can either copy and paste the link directly in the address bar of the browser (shown above). Another way of finding information on the Internet is through the use of a search engine.
Objectives of a personal digital library
A personal digital library can store information on different topics of interest to you. It is 'personal' meaning it is available on your own computer, for yor use anytime. It is 'digital' it is available in a digital format, which is easy to edit, store and share. Most importantly, it is a 'library' meaning the digital resources are organised meaningfully, for you to easily access information when you want it.
How to access information on internet - Accessing text, image, audio and video resources
Accessing text resources
The Internet is a rich source of text OER. It is important to access OER while creating your own because you cannot use content not licensed for reuse. You could either access popular known OER repositories or you could search the internet for resources you want. One method of accessing existing OER is to search some text repositories. The most popular text OER repository is the digital encyclopedia, Wikipedia. You can search for your topic in Wikipedia, by simply typing this text in the search bar. We will do this for ‘Digital Story Telling’ (DST) which is the OER proposed to be created as an exemplar by this tool-kit. Wikipedia is available in more than hundred other languages, so you may also be able to search for text OER in Telugu or Urdu.
Other popular OER sites include http://www.wikieducator.org, https://oercommons.org. A list of OER sites is available on http://www.searchoer.com/list-of-oer.html.
You could also use a search engine such as Google search engine or DuckDuckGo search engine to access information. The search engine will retrieve web pages for your topic that are both OER and non OER and you need to check each result you want to use, if it is OER.
Accessing image resources
Like Wikipedia is a popular text OER repository, Wikimedia commons is a repository of media (images, audio and video). You can search for your topic in Wikimedia Commons, by simply typing the topic name in the search bar. Flickr is also another popular source of OER images. You can use a search engine such as Google search engine or DuckDuckGo search engine to search for image OER. As in the case of text, you can select images that are licensed for reuse by specifying the search settings.
Accessing audio resources
Freesound and Soundcloud are audio OER repositories. You can use a search engine such as Google search engine or DuckDuckGo search engine, to search the web for audio resources.
Accessing video resources
Youtube is a popular repository for videos, it contains both OER and non OER videos. It is the largest collection of videos in the world. If the video is downloadable, you will always see a download button; right click will usually give download option. You can search for videos on Youtube also. When you search, all videos will be listed. Right click on any link and click on "download as". # It will save in downloads folder; you can copy and paste into your folder
Vimeo and Wikimedia are also audio and video repositories. A google search on ‘OER Videos’ will also give you a list of sites to explore. In the search engine, you would need to specify "videos" as a filter for search results. You cannot insert videos into a text document, so inserting the link to the file, will provide the information to play the video.
How to evaluate an Internet resource
There are a few things you must check when we look at the usefulness of the information on any website.
- ವೆಬ್ ತಾಣದ ಮೂಲ: ವೆಬ್ ತಾಣಮೂಲವನ್ನು ತಿಳಿಯುವುದು ಬಹಳ ಮುಖ್ಯ, ವಿಷಯಗಳನ್ನು ಹುಡುಕುವಲ್ಲಿ ನಮಗೆ ಅನೇಕ ರೀತಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ನಮಗೆ ಸಹಾಯ ಮಾಡುತ್ತದೆ ಮತ್ತು ವಿವಿಧ ದೃಷ್ಠಿಕೋನವನ್ನು ಬೆಳೆಸುವಲ್ಲಿ ಸಹಾಯ ಮಾಡುತ್ತದೆ.
- ಬಹುಸಂಖ್ಯಾ ವೆಬ್ ತಾಣಗಳ ಬಳಕೆ: ಒಂದು ವೆಬ್ ಪುಟ ಕೇವಲ ಒಂದು ಮಾದರಿಯ ಮಾಹಿತಿಯನ್ನು ನೀಡುತ್ತದೆ, ಒಂದಕ್ಕಿಂತ ಹೆಚ್ಚು ವೆಬ್ ತಾಣಗ ಳನ್ನು ಬಳಸುವುದರಿಂದ ನಿಮಗೆ ವಿವಿಧ ದೃಷ್ಠಿಕೋನಗಳನ್ನು ಬೆಳೆಸುತ್ತದೆ, ನೀವು ಒಂದಕ್ಕೊಂದು ಪರಿಶೀಲನೆ ಮತ್ತು ಅದರಲ್ಲಿನ ದೋಷಗಳನ್ನು ಗುರುತಿಸಬಹುದು.
- ಪ್ರಸ್ತುತತೆ: ಸಾಮನ್ಯ ವಾಗಿ ವಿಷಯಗಳನ್ನು ಹುಡುಕುವಾಗ ನಮಗೆ ಒಂದು ಪುಟ ಬರುತ್ತದೆ ಮತ್ತು ನಾವು ಅದನ್ನು ಬೇರೆಯವರಿಗೆ ಹಂಚಿಕೆ ಮಾಡುತ್ತವೆ , ಆದರೆ ಆ ಪುಟ ದಲ್ಲಿನ ವಿಷಯವನ್ನು ಓದುವುದು (ಕನಿಷ್ಠ ತ್ವರಿತವಾಗಿ) ಮುಖ್ಯ ಎಂದು ತಿಳಿಯುವುದು.ಇದು ಹುಡುಕಾಟದ ಕಾರ್ಯಾನಿರ್ವಹಣೆಯನ್ನು ತಿಳಿಸುತ್ತದೆ. ಯಾವುದೇ ವೆಬ್ ಪುಟ ಕೀ ಪದ ಹೊಂದಿರುತ್ತದೆ( ಟ್ಯಾಗ ಗಳು ಎನ್ನುವರು) ಕೆಲವು ಸಮಯ ಕೀ ಪದಗಳನ್ನು ನೀಡಿರುತ್ತಾರೆ(ಇದು ವಿಷಯವನ್ನು ಸಂಬಂಧಿಸಿರುತ್ತದೆ) ಇವು ವಿಷಯವನ್ನು ಸಂಕ್ಷೀಪ್ತವಾಗಿ ವಿವರಣೆಯನ್ನು ನೀಡುತ್ತವೆ. ಪ್ರಸ್ತುತತೆಯನ್ನು ವಿಂಗಡಿಸುವುದು ಬಹಳ ಮುಖ್ಯವಾಗಿದೆ, ಮಾಹಿತಿ ಬಳಕೆ ಬಹಳ ಸಂದರ್ಭೋಚಿವಾಗಿರುತ್ತದೆ. , ಒಂದು ವೆಬ್ ಪುಟ ಮಳೆಯ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಬರೆದು ಮತ್ತು ಅದು ಜನರ ಜೀವನ ಶೈಲಿ ಮತ್ತು ವಿವಿಧ ಸ್ಥಳಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ವಿವಿಧ ಬೆಳೆಯುವ ಬೆಳೆಗಳ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಹೇಳುತ್ತದೆ. ನಾವು ಅದನ್ನು ಎಷ್ಟರ ಮಟ್ಟಿಗೆ ನಮಗೆ ಉಪಯುಕ್ತವಾಗಿದೆ ಎಂದು ನೋಡಬೇಕು. ಮಾಹಿತಿಯನ್ನು ನೀಡಿದ ಸಮಯಕ್ಕೆ ಅದರ ಪ್ರಸ್ತುತತೆಯನ್ನು ಗಮನಿಸಬೇಕು. ನೀಡಿದ ಮಾಹಿತಿ ಹಳೆಯದಾಗಿದ್ದರೆ, ಅದರ ನಿಖರತೆಯನ್ನು ಪರೀಕ್ಷಿಸಬೇಕು.
- ವೆಬ್ ತಾಣದ ವೈಶಿಷ್ಟ್ಯಗಳು: ವೆಬ್ ತಾಣ ಉಪಯುಕ್ತ ಹೊಂದಿದೆ ಎಂದು ನಮಗೆ ತಿಳಿಯುವುದು , ನಾವು ಎಷ್ಟು ವಿಧದಲ್ಲಿ ಮಾಹಿತಿಯನ್ನು ಬಳಕೆ ಮಾಡುತ್ತವೆ ಮತ್ತು ನೋಡುತ್ತೇವೆ ಎಂಬುದು ಆಧಾರದ ಮೇಲೆ ಅದರ ಉಪಯುಕ್ತತೆ ತಿಳಿಯುತ್ತದೆ, ಶಿಕ್ಷಕರು, ವಿದ್ಯಾರ್ಥಿಗಳು, ಸಾರ್ವಜನಿಕರು ಬಳಸಬಹುದು?
ಮಾಹಿತಿಯನ್ನು ಹುಡುಕುವುದು ಹೇಗೆ
ಎರಡನೇ ಅಂಶ ವೆಬ್ ತಾಣಗಳನ್ನು ಬಳಸಿಕೊಂಡು ನಾವು ಮಾಹಿತಿಯನ್ನು ಹೇಗೆ ಹುಡುಕುತ್ತೇವೆ ಎಂಬುದಕ್ಕೆ ಸಂಬಂಧಿಸಿದೆ. ನಾವು ಬಳಸುವ ಪದಗಳು, ನುಡಿಗಟ್ಟು , ಹುಡುಕಾಟದ ಪ್ರಶ್ನೆಗಳು ಫಲಿತಾಂಶದ ಗುಣಮಟ್ಟವನ್ನು ನಿರ್ಧರಿಸುವ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಲಕ್ಷಣಗಳಾಗಿವೆ. ಉದಾಹರಣೆಗೆ ಈ ವಿವಿಧ ಹುಡುಕಾಟಗಳನ್ನು ಪ್ರಯತ್ನಿಸಿ. ಜಿರಾಫೆ, ಜಿರಾಫೆ ವಿಕಾಸ ಮತ್ತು ಬೆಳವಣಿಗೆ . ಈ ರೀತಿ ಹುಡುಕಿದಾಗ ಬರುವ ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಬೇರೆ ಬೇರೆ ಪುಟಗಳು ಸಹ ವಿಭಿನ್ನವಾಗಿರುವುದನ್ನು ಗಮನಿಸಬಹುದು. ಸಂಪನ್ಮೂಲ ಹುಡುಕುವಾಗ ಅದರ ಅಗತ್ಯವೇನು ಬಳಕೆದಾರರು ಯಾರು? ಎಂಬುದನ್ನು ನಾವು ಗಮನದಲ್ಲಿಟ್ಟುಕೊಳ್ಳಬೇಕು. ಯಾವ ರೀತಿಯ ಫಲಿತಾಂಶವನ್ನು ನೋಡುತ್ತೇವೆ ಹಾಗು ಅದರ ಪ್ರಸ್ತುತತೆ ಏನು ಎಂಬುದನ್ನು ನಾವು ಯಾವ ಪದಗಳ ಮೂಲಕ ಹುಡುಕುತ್ತೇವೆಯೋ ಅದು ನಿರ್ಧರಿಸುತ್ತದೆ.
ವೆಬ್ ತಾಣಗಳ ಮೌಲ್ಯಮಾಪನ ಪರಿಶೀಲನಾಪಟ್ಟಿ
ವೆಬ್ಸೈಟ್ನ್ನು ಮೌಲ್ಯಮಾಪನ ಮಾಡಲು ಈ ಕೆಳಗಿನ ಪ್ರಶ್ನೆಗಳಿಗೆ ಉತ್ತರಿಸಬೇಕು.
- ಯಾರ ವೆಬ್ ತಾಣ? ( ಪ್ರತಿ ವೆಬ್ಪುಟದಲ್ಲಿನ "About us" ಮೇಲೆ ಒತ್ತುವ ಮೂಲಕ ಹೆಚ್ಚಿನ ಮಾಹಿತಿ ಪಡೆಯಬಹುದು).
- ಯಾವ ರೀತಿಯ ವೆಬ್ ಸೈಟ್ : ವಾಣಿಜ್ಯ, ಶೈಕ್ಷಣಿಕ, ಇತ್ಯಾದಿ .ಶೈಕ್ಷಣಿಕ ಪುಟಗಳು ಅಥವಾ ವಾಣಿಜ್ಯವಲ್ಲದ ಪುಟಗಳು ಹೆಚ್ಚು ಸೂಕ್ತ.
- ಯಾವ ರೀತಿಯ ಸಂಪನ್ಮೂಲಗಳು ? ಯಾವಾಗಲೂ ಒಂದಕ್ಕಿಂತ ಹೆಚ್ಚು ವೆಬ್ ತಾಣ ಪರಿಶೀಲಿಸಿ ವಿಶ್ವಾಸಾರ್ಹ ಮಾಹಿತಿ ಯನ್ನು ಪರೀಕ್ಷಿಸಿ.
- ಇದು ಚರ್ಚೆಗಾಗಿ ಅನುಮತಿಸುತ್ತದೆಯೆ?
- ಇದು ವ್ಯವಹಾರ ಮಾಡಲು ಸಾಧ್ಯವಿದೇಯಾ ಇ ಕಾಮರ್ಸ್ ವೆಬ್ ತಾಣ ಮುಂತಾದ ವು .
- ಸಂಚರಿಸಲು ಸುಲಭ ವಾಗಿದೇಯಾ ?
- ಉಚಿತ / ಪಾವತಿಸಿದ / ಚಂದಾದಾರಿಕೆ
- ಹಕ್ಕುಸ್ವಾಮ್ಯ (ಕಾಪಿರೈಟ್ಸ್)
- ಸಂಚರಣೆ ಆಂತರಿಕ ಮತ್ತು ಬಾಹ್ಯ ವೆಬ್ ಕೊಂಡಿಗಳು
- ವೆಬ್ ತಾಣ ಸಂಪರ್ಕಿಸುವುದು ಹೇಗೆ ?
ಬೋಧನೆ ಮತ್ತು ಕಲಿಕೆಗೆ ಸಂಬಂಧಿಸಿದ ಸಂಪನ್ಮೂಲಗಳು
ಈ ಮೇಲಿನ ಅಂಶಗಳ ಜೊತೆಗೆ ಇವುಗಳನ್ನು ಸಹ ಪರಿಗಣಿಸಬೇಕು
- ವೆಬ್ ಸೈಟ್ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಮಾಹಿತಿ ?
- ಮಾಹಿತಿ ಯಾವಾಗಲೂ ವಿಶ್ವಾಸಾರ್ಹ ಒಂದಕ್ಕಿಂತ ಹೆಚ್ಚು ವೆಬ್ ತಾಣ ಪರಿಶೀಲಿಸಿ
- ಯಾರು ಮಾಡಿದರು?
- ಏನನ್ನು ಇದು ಹೊಂದಿದೆ?
- ಇದು ಶಿಕ್ಷಕರಿಗಾ ?
- ಅಥವಾ ಮಕ್ಕಳಿಗಾ ?
- ತರಗತಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಹೇಗೆ ಬಳಸುವುದು?
Steps in creating a personal resource folder
There are several steps in creating a resource folder. The specific technology actions for each of these steps, is available under the relevant application in the Explore an application page.
- Make a folder on the computer by topic
- Create a 'meta' document which will provide your thoughts on the topic and link the resources you have collected to these thoughts
- Access relevant resources from Internet
- Save pages, images, videos
- Insert into document
- Copy links of the resources you find useful, and which you would like to refer to in your document
- Paste / insert links into document
- Add your own comments, suggestions in the meta document, and connect the resources accessed and shared, with your ideas to create a resource document on the selected topic.
- Format the document
Personal Digital Library
The set of resources downloaded in your folders for the given topic, along with your 'meta document' constitutes your personal digital library for the topic. You can build such libraries on any topic you are interested in, and build your own knowledge in a structured manner. Since the internet has resources on almost all topics, you have an opportunity to keep learning, that too on topics of your interest. The topic or area need not be only one of theoretical interest or only to build your knowledge. You can also work on building skills since there are likely to be videos available for helping you learn a new language, or even a skill like swimming. You can also share this personal digital library with your colleagues so that they can also benefit. When teachers share their personal digital libraries / resources from their library with their colleagues, cumulatively, it creates a resource rich environment. Try creating a personal digital library on a topic or issue you have always wanted to learn about.
Contributing to the Global Digital Library
You can register on Wikipedia. Create articles in Telugu (http://te.wikipedia.org) and add to existing articles. This will be a valuable contribution to OERs in your language. (You can also do this for Urdu, English, Hindi or any of the Indian languages) as well. You can also register on the TROER and contribute resources. You should also, as a matter of habit, release the resources created by you as OER, by sharing it in the Subject Teacher Forums, or publishing on the internet on the OER repositories mentioned in this chapter.